Scanning electron microscopy of native biofilms on mung bean sprouts

Native biofilms present on the adaxial surface of cotyledons of mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata) were studied by use of scanning electron microscopy. Biofilms were abundant on the cotyledon surfaces and were comprised of rod-shaped bacteria, cocci-shaped bacteria, or yeasts, often with one type of microbe predominant. In contrast to our earlier study of biofilms on green sprouts (alfalfa, clover, broccoli, and sunflower), yeast and cocci were abundant on mung bean. Filamentous fungi were not observed. Sheet-like or fibrillar material (presumably composed of secreted microbial polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) fully or partially covered the biofilms. Biofilms up to 5 mm in length were observed, and some biofilms were comprised of more than just a monolayer of microbial cells. Native biofilms on sprout surfaces undoubtedly play an important role in the ecology of plant epiphytic microbes and may also afford protected sites for plant and human bacterial pathogens.Key words: mung bean sprouts, biofilms, native microflora, scanning electron microscopy, food safety.

Download Full-text

CALCIUM RETARDS PHYSIOLOGICAL COLLAPSE AND SUBSEQUENT MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF MUNG BEAN (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) SPROUTS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps87-076 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 537-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. LIPTAY ◽

P. VANDIERENDONCK

Keyword(s):

Microbial Degradation ◽

Vigna Radiata ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽

Hypocotyl Growth ◽

Mineral Supplement ◽

Mung Bean Sprouts ◽

Bean Sprouts ◽

Scanning Electron

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) sprouts, when germinated in water with no added calcium, were prone to physiological collapse of the cell walls below the cotyledonary hook. Growth of the collapsing hypocotyls gradually decreased until it stopped completely as the collapsed area extended cross-sectionally. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that extensive microbial degradation of the collapsed area of the low-calcium hypocotyl ensued by day 4 of germination. In contrast, at the same stage of germination, bacteria were essentially absent on sprouts germinated with calcium added to the water either as CaCl2, or Ca(NO3)2. Even by day 7 the calcium-treated hypocotyls remained intact and without any visual microbial degradation although bacteria were present on the surface of the seedlings. It is concluded that mung bean sprouts are very sensitive to physiological collapse with subsequent microbial degradation of the hypocotyl especially at temperatures above 20 °C. Therefore, it is recommended that water used for germinating the sprouts has sufficient calcium added (e.g. 5 × 10−3 M CaCl2) to maintain the integrity of the hypocotyls and reduce the microbial flora on the sprouts.Key words: Hypocotyl, growth, deterioration, mineral supplement

Download Full-text

The development of the notochord in the chick embryo, studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.35.2.383 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 383-401

Author(s):

Mary Bancroft ◽

Ruth Bellairs

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Chick Embryo ◽

Intercellular Spaces ◽

Notochordal Cells ◽

Fibrillar Material ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Phases Of Development ◽

Scanning Electron

The notochord of the chick embryo between stages 5 and 23 inclusive has been studied by scanning electron microscopy, supplemented by transmission electron microscopy. Three main phases of development are described, and these have been designated: bilaminar; rodlike, unvacuolated; rod-like and vacuolated. The change in shape of the organ from bilaminar to rod-like is accompanied by changes in the shape, orientation and position of the cells, an increase in the complexity of the cell contacts, and the laying down of a basal lamina. The change from the unvacuolated to the vacuolated phase is accompanied by increasing complexity within the cytoplasm. Most of the vacuoles are intracellular and appear empty though some contain a granular material. The notochordal sheath appears to be secreted by the notochordal cells and fine fibrillar material has been seen in the intercellular spaces. By stage 23, most of the notochordal cells have become so highly vacuolated that the cytoplasm has become closely packed around the nucleus.

Download Full-text

Energy regulated enzyme and non-enzyme-based antioxidant properties of harvested organic mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata)

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

pp. 228-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Lin Chen ◽

Jue Tong Glenna Tan ◽

Xue Zhao ◽

Dongying Yang ◽

Hongshun Yang

Keyword(s):

Vigna Radiata ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Mung Bean Sprouts ◽

Bean Sprouts

Download Full-text

Isolation and Characterization of Diamine Oxidase Enzyme from Mung Bean Sprouts (Vigna radiata L)

American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences ◽

10.11648/j.ajbls.20150301.12 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abdul Karim

Keyword(s):

Vigna Radiata ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Diamine Oxidase ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Mung Bean Sprouts ◽

Oxidase Enzyme ◽

Bean Sprouts

Download Full-text

Internal and external infections of fruits and seeds of peppers by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b86-378 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (12) ◽

pp. 2865-2871 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Y. Bashan ◽

Y. Okon

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Enrichment Culture ◽

Disease Development ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Fibrillar Material ◽

Bacterial Penetration ◽

Fruit Surface ◽

Scanning Electron

Fruit infection by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge 1920) Dye 1978 was monitored by scanning electron microscopy and by bacterial counts. Possible sites for bacterial penetration were through dead flowers and by proliferation of bacteria in the wart (small protuberance) area. Bacterial multiplication was observed in all warts of young, mature, and ripened fruits. Bacterial cells were bound to the fruit surface by fibrillar material. On the fruit surface, bacteria multiplied in small aggregates, submerged in slime. The slime consisted mainly of sucrose units. At later stages of disease development, the slime covered the entire fruit surface in young fruits. Typical scab symptoms appeared only in leaves of inoculated plants, whereas buds, flowers, and fruits of various sizes were symptomless, but later shed; shedding was strongest in young buds. In more mature and ripened fruits, bacterial numbers decreased and there was less shedding. Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria could be detected, in enrichment culture, in low numbers at the seed site (ovary) in inoculated fruits that did not shed.

Download Full-text