Effects of manganese addition on carbon release from forest floor horizons

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Trum ◽  
Hugues Titeux ◽  
Jean-Thomas Cornelis ◽  
Bruno Delvaux
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Dissolved Organic C ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Forest Floors ◽  
Degrading System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clear Increase

Lignin concentration in organic residues largely controls their decomposition. Mn2+ may well play a key role in ligninolysis because it is a cofactor of manganese peroxidase, an enzyme of the lignin-degrading system. This study aims to investigate the effects of Mn2+ addition on forest floor horizon decomposition during laboratory incubation. Therefore, we sampled two distinct forest floors from European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) stands: a mor and a moder. Lignin and Mn concentrations in forest floor upper layer were significantly larger in moder than in mor. Three horizons from each forest floor were separately incubated with or without Mn2+ addition (250 mg Mn·kg dry matter–1) and the release of both CO2 and dissolved organic C was measured. The dissolved organic C release was not impacted by the Mn2+ addition, while a clear increase in CO2 release from specific horizons was observed. Our data suggest that the impact of the Mn2+ addition depends on (i) the forest floor type and on (ii) the organic matter decomposition stage.

scholarly journals How Does Radial Growth of Water-Stressed Populations of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Trees Vary under Multiple Drought Events?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Tamalika Chakraborty ◽  
Albert Reif ◽  
Andreas Matzarakis ◽  
Somidh Saha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neighborhood Competition

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees are becoming vulnerable to drought, with a warming climate. Existing studies disagree on how radial growth varies in European beech in response to droughts. We aimed to find the impact of multiple droughts on beech trees’ annual radial growth at their ecological drought limit created by soil water availability in the forest. Besides, we quantified the influence of competition and canopy openness on the mean basal area growth of beech trees. We carried out this study in five near-natural temperate forests in three localities of Germany and Switzerland. We quantified available soil water storage capacity (AWC) in plots laid in the transition zone from oak to beech dominated forests. The plots were classified as ‘dry’ (AWC < 60 mL) and ‘less-dry’ (AWC > 60 mL). We performed dendroecological analyses starting from 1951 in continuous and discontinuous series to study the influence of climatic drought (i.e., precipitation-potential evapotranspiration) on the radial growth of beech trees in dry and less-dry plots. We used observed values for this analysis and did not use interpolated values from interpolated historical records in this study. We selected six drought events to study the resistance, recovery, and resilience of beech trees to drought at a discontinuous level. The radial growth was significantly higher in less-dry plots than dry plots. The increase in drought had reduced tree growth. Frequent climatic drought events resulted in more significant correlations, hence, increased the dependency of tree growth on AWC. We showed that the recovery and resilience to climatic drought were higher in trees in less-dry plots than dry plots, but it was the opposite for resistance. The resistance, recovery, and resilience of the trees were heterogeneous between the events of drought. Mean growth of beech trees (basal area increment) were negatively impacted by neighborhood competition and positively influenced by canopy openness. We emphasized that beech trees growing on soil with low AWC are at higher risk of growth decline. We concluded that changes in soil water conditions even at the microsite level could influence beech trees’ growth in their drought limit under the changing climate. Along with drought, neighborhood competition and lack of light can also reduce beech trees’ growth. This study will enrich the state of knowledge about the ongoing debate on the vulnerability of beech trees to drought in Europe.

European beech is a net annual source of methane (CH4)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Machacova ◽  
Hannes Warlo ◽  
Kateřina Svobodová ◽  
Thomas Agyei ◽  
Tereza Uchytilová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Vegetation Season ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Trees are known to be sources of methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;), an important greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere. However, still little is known about the seasonality of the tree stem CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes, particularly for the dormant season, and about the impact of environmental parameters on this gas exchange. This makes the estimation of net annual ecosystem CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes difficult.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We determined seasonal dynamics of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; exchange of mature European beech stems (&lt;em&gt;Fagus sylvatica&lt;/em&gt;) and of adjacent forest floor in a temperate montane forest of White Carpathians, Czech Republic, from November 2017 to December 2018. We used static chamber methods and gas chromatographic analyses. We aimed to understand the unknown role in seasonal changes of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes of these forests, and the spatiotemporal variability of the tree fluxes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The beech stems were net annual sources for atmospheric CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, whereas the forest floor was a predominant sink for CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. The stem CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions showed high inter-individual variability and clear seasonality following the stem CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; efflux. The fluxes of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; peaked during the vegetation season, and remained low but significant to the annual totals during winter dormancy. By contrast, the forest floor CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; uptake followed an opposite flux trend with low CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; uptake detected in the winter dormant season and elevated CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; uptake during the vegetation season. Based on our preliminary analyses, the detected high spatial variability in stem CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emissions can be explained neither by the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; exchange at the forest floor level, nor by soil CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations, soil water content and soil temperature, all measured in vertical soil profiles close to the studied trees.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;European beech trees, native and widely spread species of Central Europe, seem to markedly contribute to the seasonal dynamics of the ecosystem CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; exchange, and their CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes should be included into forest greenhouse gas emission inventories.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Acknowledgement&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This research was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (17-18112Y), National Programme for Sustainability I (LO1415), CzeCOS (LM2015061), and SustES - Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797). We thank Libor Bor&amp;#225;k and Leszek Dariusz Laptaszy&amp;#324;ski for their technical and field support.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The Impact of Adverse Weather and Climate on the Width of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Tree Rings in Southeastern Europe

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Stjepanović ◽  
Bratislav Matović ◽  
Dejan Stojanović ◽  
Branislava Lalić ◽  
Tom Levanič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Impact

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is the most important deciduous tree species in Europe. According to different climate scenarios, there is a relatively high probability of a massive decline in and loss of beech forests in southern Europe and in the southern part of central Europe. Thus, the authors of this study explored the dynamics of tree diameter increments and the influence of extremely dry years on the width of tree rings. This study used dendroecological methods to analyze the growth and diameter increments of European beech trees at locations in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska. The sampling was conducted along the vertical distribution of beech forests, at five sites at the lower limit of the distribution, at five optimal sites of the distribution, and at five sites at the upper limit of the distribution. Long-term analyses indicate that dry conditions during a growing season can reduce tree-ring width, but a reduction in tree growth can be expected as a result of more than one season of unfavorable conditions. Low temperatures in autumn and winter and prolonged winters can strongly affect upcoming vegetation and reduce tree development even under normal thermal conditions during a growing season.

Spectral analysis of coniferous foliage and possible links to soil chemistry: Are spectral chlorophyll indices related to forest floor dissolved organic C and N?

2008 ◽  
Vol 404 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 424-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Albrechtova ◽  
Zdeněk Seidl ◽  
Jacqueline Aitkenhead-Peterson ◽  
Zuzana Lhotáková ◽  
Barrett N. Rock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Dissolved Organic C ◽  
C And N

scholarly journals The Impact of a CO2 Laser on the Adhesion and Mold Resistance of a Synthetic Polymer Layer on a Wood Surface

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Ladislav Reinprecht ◽  
Zuzana Vidholdová
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Phase Interface ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Layer ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Mold Resistance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wood Surfaces

In the wood industry, laser technologies are commonly applied for the sawing, engraving, or perforation of solid wood and wood composites, but less knowledge exists about their effect on the joining and painting of wood materials with synthetic polymer adhesives and coatings. In this work, a CO2 laser with irradiation doses from 2.1 to 18.8 J·cm−2 was used for the modification of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst) wood surfaces—either in the native state or after covering them with a layer of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) or polyurethane (PUR) polymer. The adhesion strength of the phase interface “synthetic polymer—wood”, evaluated by the standard EN ISO 4624, decreased significantly and proportionately in all the laser modification modes, with higher irradiation doses leading to a more apparent degradation and carbonization of the wood adherent or the synthetic polymer layer. The mold resistance of the polymers, evaluated by the standard EN 15457, increased significantly for the less mold-resistant PVAc polymer after its irradiation on the wood adherent. However, the more mold-resistant PUR polymer was able to better resist the microscopic fungi Aspergillus niger Tiegh. and Penicillium purpurogenum Stoll. when irradiation doses of higher intensity acted firstly on the wood adherent.

scholarly journals The impact of juvenile tree species canopy on properties of new forest floor

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kacálek ◽  
D. Dušek ◽  
J. Novák ◽  
J. Bartoš
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
New Forest ◽  
Forest Floors ◽  
The Impact

To keep forest soils fertile, forest practitioners plant mixed stands that are composed of both economically efficient trees such as conifers and soil-improving broadleaves. This is a mandated practice in the Czech Republic. As the new forest grows, it creates a dense canopy. The canopy is a principal source of organic matter to the forest soil. The formation of new forest humus is particularly important in first-generation forests on the former agricultural soil. Former meadow is a suitable site for forest floor and soil investigation since forest-floor humus covering the surface of the soil is a completely new layer.&nbsp; Both pure evergreen conifer and mixed treatments were planted in 2001. The experimental plot was established in order to investigate performance of tree species and restoration of forest-site conditions. We sampled dead-plant material and 0&ndash;10 cm topsoil to investigate their properties under the 10-year-old stands. We compared the treatments by descriptive statistics using both univariate and multivariate techniques. Dry mass (medians of weight) varied among the treatments from 11 to 19 Mg&middot;ha<sup>&ndash;1</sup>. The forest floor nutrient concentrations appeared to be dependent on the presence of admixed deciduous tree species (sycamore maple, small-leaved linden and European larch) as these forest floors (EL1, EL2, NS3, SM) were higher in base cations and phosphorus compared to pure spruce (NS1, NS2) and pure Douglas fir (DF) treatments. The first axis of PCA ordination plot revealed 45% of total variability and showed a clear distinction between evergreen coniferous and mixed species treatments. Young plantations produced forest floors of different quality; however it was not reflected in the topsoil properties. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Identification of stress biomarkers for drought and increased soil temperature in seedlings of European beech (Fagus sylvatica)

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1517-1526
Author(s):  
Milica Popović ◽  
Marco Gregori ◽  
Dominik Vodnik ◽  
Mitja Ferlan ◽  
Tanja Mrak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
The Impact

Drought is an environmental stress that impacts plant productivity. Projections show both an increase in intense rain events and a reduction in the number of rain days, conditions that leads to increased risk of drought. Consequently, the identification of molecular biomarkers suitable for evaluating the impact of water deprivation conditions on forest plant seedlings is of significant value for monitoring purposes and forest management. In this study, we evaluated a biochemical methodology for the assessment of drought stress coupled with variable soil temperature in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings by analyzing a set of metabolites and enzymes involved in free radical scavenging and cell wall synthesis. The results indicate that the specific activities and isoform profile of superoxide dismutases and glutathione peroxidases together with the variation of phenolic compounds enable discrimination between seedlings with different degrees of photosynthetic activity. This approach represents a promising platform for the assessment of drought stress in forest trees and could serve for enhancing selection and breeding practices, allowing for plants that are more tolerant of abiotic stress.

Seasonal variation in throughfall and stemflow chemistry beneath a European beech (Fagus sylvatica) tree in relation to canopy phenology

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1359-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Staelens ◽  
An De Schrijver ◽  
Kris Verheyen
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Ion Fluxes ◽  
Canopy Leaching ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

The effect of canopy phenology on major ion fluxes beneath a mature European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) tree is examined. Annual and seasonal ion fluxes to the forest floor were significantly higher than the incoming wet-only deposition for all ions measured other than H+. The annual throughfall to wet deposition ratio generally ranged from 2.1 to 4.8. Stemflow contributed 9%–19% of the ion input to the forest floor, except for H+. Throughfall enrichment of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and NO3– was significantly higher in the leafed than in the leafless season, in contrast to Na+, NH4+, and H+. The temporal pattern of ion enrichment indicated canopy release of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ throughout the leafed season, of Na+, Cl–, and NH4+ from emerging leaves, and of Cl– and SO42– from senescing leaves. The contribution of canopy leaching to annual net throughfall and stemflow was estimated at 96% (K+), 54% (Ca2+), 40% (Mg2+), 12% (Cl–), and 7% (Na+, SO42–). Dry deposition accounted for 58%–75% of the total deposition onto the canopy. The throughfall enrichment during the leafless season indicated high particulate and gaseous dry deposition onto the woody canopy as well as K+ release from European beech branches.

scholarly journals The impact of climate change on the growth of European beech at optimal altitudes in the Republic of Srpska

Topola ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Stefan Stjepanović ◽  
Boban Miletić ◽  
Branislav Drašković ◽  
Vesna Tunguz
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ellenberg’S Climate Quotient ◽  
The Impact

Many studies have shown that small climate changes can strongly affect the forest trees growth rate, many times causing changes in species habitats. In general, drought is mentioned as the main problem, so it is necessary to carry out its identification and quantification to investigate its effects on forests in Republic of Srpska. This study aims to analyse the relationship between the growth of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at optimal altitudes in the Republic of Srpska and its climate characteristics represented by the Forestry Aridity Index (FAI) and Ellenberg's climate quotient (EQ) for 1950-2015 timespan. FAI and EQ were calculated using climate data (temperature and precipitation) extracted from a gridded dataset (E-OBS). Sampling was carried out in two localities near Vlasenica and Mrkonjić Grad at 1050 and 1030 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.), sampling the cores from 15 dominant trees at each locality. Using the Pearson Correlation Analysis, a negative impact on tree rings width (TRW) with rising index values was identified. This is especially pronounced for the index values of the year prior to the ring formation. In general, stronger negative correlations between TRW and EQ are found for the locality near Mrkonjić Grad, while FAI index showed a greater negative impact on TRW for the locality near Vlasenica.

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