Long-term effects of weed control and fertilization on the carbon and nitrogen pools of a slash and loblolly pine forest in north-central Florida

The effects of fertilization, weed control, and fertilization plus weed control on vegetation and soil C and N pools were examined for a loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine ( Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.) forest at ages 18 and 26 years (at the end of rotation). The total C accumulated in fertilized forests without weed control was 20% (slash pine) and 40% (loblolly pine) greater than in the control forests at the end of rotation. Weed control increased pine C pools at 18 years, but by the end of rotation, weed control effectively resulted in no gain in ecosystem C. When the two treatments were combined, weed control slightly subtracted from the net C benefit produced by fertilization. This result occurred because of decreased forest floor and soil C in the weed control plots. Fertilization significantly increased stem, foliage, forest floor, and soil N pools, and N retention was 63% and 103% of the applied N in the slash and loblolly pine forests, respectively. Weed control with fertilization reduced ecosystem N retention efficiency, but weed control alone did not negatively affect ecosystem N accumulation. These results suggest that the optimal treatment for increasing C accumulation and N retention in these ecosystems is fertilization without weed control.

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Effects of ontogeny and soil nutrient supply on production, allocation, and leaf area efficiency in loblolly and slash pine stands

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x00-082 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

pp. 1511-1524 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Eric J Jokela ◽

Timothy A Martin

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Weed Control ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Growth Efficiency ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Nutrient Supply ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Growth Responses

The effects of ontogeny and soil nutrient supply on aboveground biomass accumulation, allocation, and stemwood growth efficiency of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) were investigated in north-central Florida over 16 years using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment (species, fertilization, weed control). Aboveground biomass growth responses to the combined fertilizer and weed control treatments (FW) averaged ~2- and 2.8-fold for slash and loblolly pine, respectively. In the same treatment, annual needlefall (NF) production for slash pine approached a "steady state" of 6 Mg·ha-1 at ages 8-14 years, while loblolly pine NF production peaked at 7 Mg·ha-1 at age 10 years, and then declined 17% following curtailment of the fertilizer treatment. Periodic stemwood biomass increment (PAI) for the FW treatment for both species culminated at about 15 Mg·ha-1·year-1 at age 8 years and then declined rapidly (~275%) to <4 Mg·ha-1·year-1 at 15 years; reductions for the untreated control were considerably slower. The progressive decline in PAI following peak leaf area development was closely associated with a decrease in stemwood production per unit leaf area (growth efficiency). A unit increase in leaf area index in the 7- to 9-year-old stands produced about 3.0 and 3.1 times more stemwood biomass per year than in the 14- to 16-year-old stands for loblolly and slash pine, respectively.

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Preemergence Weed Control in Southeastern Forest Nurseries

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450002720x ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 363-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. R. Dill ◽

M. C. Carter

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pinus Taeda ◽

Weed Control ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Slash Pine ◽

High Rate ◽

Forest Nurseries ◽

Low Rate

Weed control trials were conducted on loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) or slash pine (Pinus elliottiiEngelm.) seedbeds at 12 locations in the southeastern United States. Good weed control was obtained from 2,4-bis-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (prometryne) at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha;N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (diphenamid) at 4.5 and 9 kg/ha; α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) at 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha; and 2-ethylthio-4,6-bis-isopropylamino-s-triazine (GS-16068) at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha as preemergence applications immediately followed by irrigation. Diphenamid and trifluralin treatments were not injurious to either pine species at either rate. GS-16068 was only slightly injurious at the high rate at one location. Prometryne was injurious at two locations at the high rate and at one location at the low rate.

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Early Growth Responses of Slash and Loblolly Pine Following Fertilization and Herbaceous Weed Control Treatments at Establishment

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/24.1.23 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Eric J. Jokela ◽

Duncan S. Wilson ◽

James E. Allen

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Early Growth ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Cooperative Research ◽

Treatment Responses ◽

Herbaceous Weed Control

Abstract Data from 21 regional experiments, established using a common study design, were analyzed to examine 5 and 8 yr growth responses and interactions between fertilizer and herbaceous competition control treatments applied to newly established plantations of slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) in the southeastern lower Coastal Plain. Eleven experiments were with slash pine and the remaining 10 with loblolly pine. The study sites were predominantly found on CRIFF (Cooperative Research in Forest Fertilization, Univ. of Florida)A, B, C, D, and E group soils. The four treatments examined were (1) Control, no treatment; (2) Fertilizer (Fert) only, 250 lb/ac diammonium phosphate; (3) Herbaceous weed control (Herb) only, 1 quart/ac Velpar® (hexazinone) + 4 oz/ac Oust® (sulfometuron methyl); and (4) Fertilizer + Herbaceous weed control. Fifth-year survival rates for slash pine averaged 91% among all sites and were not significantly affected by silvicultural treatments or CRIFF soil groups. Loblolly pine survival rates were similarly unaffected by the Fert and Herb treatments; however, loblolly pine survival was lowest on CRIFF C group soils and most likely attributable to establishment practices rather than soil differences. The percentages of loblolly pine sites exhibiting significant volume responses at age 5 yr were 60% for Fert only, 40% for Herb only, and 100% for the Fert + Herb treatment; corresponding treatment responses for slash pine were 36%, 45%, and 64%, respectively. In the majority of tests (76%, both species), the Fert and Herb treatments were additive in nature, suggesting that each treatment was independent relative to its effects on volume growth. After 8 yr, loblolly pine volume responses for the Fert + Herb treatment over the control averaged 100% on CRIFF A group soils (1430 ft3/ac vs. 713 ft3/ac) and 52% on CRIFF C and D group soils (688 ft3/ac vs. 452 ft3/ac); corresponding treatment responses for slash pine on similar soils averaged 29% (645 ft3/ac vs. 499 ft3/ac) and 10% (805 ft3/ac vs. 733 ft3/ac), respectively. The early growth responses due to treatment declined between ages 5 and 8 yr, especially for the Herb only treatment with loblolly pine. Results from these studies suggest that growth responses were generally commensurate with management intensity, except for slash pine on sites with good inherent growth potential. Additional silvicultural inputs, in the form of midrotation fertilizer applications, would be necessary to sustain the early growth benefits afforded by the time of planting fertilizer and herbaceous weed control treatments, especially with loblolly pine on comparable sites. South. J. Appl. For. 24(1):23-30.

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Oracella acuta (loblolly pine mealybug).

10.1079/cpc.37737.20210099920 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paris Lambdin

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Food Source ◽

Guangdong Province ◽

Seed Orchard ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Pine Plantations ◽

The Usa

Abstract This species has had limited distribution from its native habitats in the southern region of the USA since its discovery and description (Lobdell, 1930). O. acuta appears to be restricted to feeding on species of pines and loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, is its preferred food source. In its native habitat, populations seldom reach pest status due to the presence of natural enemies. In 1988, it was transported to a pine seed orchard in China on slash pine, Pinus elliottii, scions purchased in the USA. Sun et al. (1996) noted that O. acuta-infested slash pine scions leaving the USA and entering China in 1988 were not subjected to the quarantine restrictions of either country. The loblolly pine mealybug quickly became established and rapidly spread throughout pine plantations in the Guangdong Province, China where it threatens both native and introduced species of pines in the region.

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Depth-Dependent C-N-P Stocks and Stoichiometry in Ultisols Resulting from Conversion of Secondary Forests to Plantations and Driving Forces

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12101300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1300

Author(s):

Xiaogang Ding ◽

Xiaochuan Li ◽

Ye Qi ◽

Zhengyong Zhao ◽

Dongxiao Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Pine Plantations ◽

Secondary Forests ◽

Masson Pine ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Soil C ◽

Significant Difference

Stocks and stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in ultisols are not well documented for converted forests. In this study, Ultisols were sampled in 175 plots from one type of secondary forest and four plantations of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), Eucalypt (Eucalyptus obliqua L’Hér.), and Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn., 1782) in Yunfu, Guangdong province, South China. Five layers of soil were sampled with a distance of 20 cm between two adjacent layers up to a depth of 100 cm. We did not find interactive effects between forest type and soil layer depth on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and storages. Storage of SOC was not different between secondary forests and Eucalypt plantations, but SOC of these two forest types were lower than that in Litchi, Masson pine, and Slash pine plantations. Soil C:P was higher in Slash pine plantations than in secondary forests. Soil CNP showed a decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth. Soil TP did not show any significant difference among soil layers. Soil bulk density had a negative contribution to soil C and P stocks, and longitude and elevation were positive drivers for soil C, N, and P stocks. Overall, Litchi plantations are the only type of plantation that obtained enhanced C storage in 0–100 cm soils and diverse N concentrations among soil layers during the conversion from secondary forests to plantations over ultisols.

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Comparison of Planted Loblolly and Slash Pine Performance in Southeast Texas

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/17.1.26 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 26-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. David Lenhart ◽

Gary D. Kronrad ◽

Michael S. Fountain

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Tree Height ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Volume Index ◽

Fusiform Rust ◽

Tree Diameter ◽

Stem Straightness ◽

Southeast Texas ◽

Total Tree

Abstract The performance of young (less than 10 yr) loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine trees was compared on planted sites in southeast Texas. Performance was compared for: total tree height; tree diameter; height to live tree crown; tree volume index,; incidenceof fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme); crookedness of stems; and survival rates. For these young trees, slash pine tended to perform better in southeast Texas than loblolly pine in total tree height, tree diameter, stem size, height to first livebranch and stem straightness. However, loblolly pine was less susceptible to fusiform rust than slash pine, and its mortality rate was lower than slash pine. However, based on the performance of these young plantations, a recommendation on the preferred pine species to plant in southeast Texasmight be premature. South. J. Appl. For. 17(1):26-31.

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Loblolly Pine Outperforms Slash Pine in Southeastern Georgia and Northern Florida

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/24.1.31 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Barry D. Shiver ◽

John W. Rheney ◽

Kenneth L. Hitch

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Species Interactions ◽

Basal Area ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Stand Volume ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

The Difference ◽

Stand Basal Area ◽

Better Than

Abstract A total of 141 paired plot installations remain of the 160 that were planted with slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly (P. taedaL.) pine across southeastern Georgia and northern Florida, after 14 growing seasons. Installations were evenly distributed across eight soil types. Analyses indicate that loblolly performed equal to or better than slash pine. There were no soil X species interactions. After 14 yr, loblolly pine had significantly higher survival (71% vs. 66%), stand basal area (98 vs. 81 ft2/ac), total stand volume (1857 vs. 1721 ft3/ac), merchantable stand volume (1497 vs. 1310 ft3/ac), total green weight (53 tons vs. 47 tons), and merchantable green weight (45 vs. 35 tons/ac) than slash pine. Growth over the period from age 11 to age 14 was also higher for loblolly than for slash indicating that the difference in the two species is diverging over time. South. J. Appl. For. 24(1): 31-36.

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Fusiform Rust Trends in East Texas: 1969-1987

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/12.4.259 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 259-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. David Lenhart ◽

W. Thomas McGrath ◽

Terry L. Hackett

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Pine Plantations ◽

East Texas ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Fusiform Rust ◽

Cronartium Quercuum ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Five surveys of pine plantations in East Texas over an 18-year period (1969-1987) indicated that fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme Birdsall and Snow) infection rates have increased to current levels of about 50% on slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and are continuing to increase on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to 10-15% levels. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):259-261.

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Pine Seedling Response to Dichlobenil, Fluometuron, and Pebulate

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500079790 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 292-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. E. Wilkinson ◽

T. S. Davis

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Shortleaf Pine ◽

Growth Reduction ◽

Percentage Survival ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Herbicide Toxicity

Growth and percentage survival was measured for slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.), Virginia pine (P. virginiana Mill.), and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) seedlings treated with: (a) 0.07 to 4.48 kg/ha 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), (b) 0.28 to 8.96 kg/ha 1,1-dimethyl-3-(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea (fluometuron), or (c) 1.12 to 8.96 kg/ha S-propyl butylethylthiocarbamate (pebulate). Herbicide toxicity to pine seedlings was in order of dichlobenil > fluometuron > pebulate. Acceptance of mild growth reduction would permit pebulate utilization in seed bed nurseries.

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Site Index Equations for Loblolly and Slash Pine Plantations on Non-Old-Fields in East Texas

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/10.2.109 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 109-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. David Lenhart ◽

Ellis V. Hunt ◽

Jock A. Blackard

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Growth Function ◽

Site Index ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Old Fields ◽

East Texas ◽

Height Prediction ◽

Index Index ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Equations to estimate site index (index age 25 years) for plantations of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) on non-old-fields in East Texas have been developed. The height-prediction curves were based on the Richards' growth function and track well within the range of the data (1-17 years). South. J. Appl. For. 10:109-112, May 1986.

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