scholarly journals Depth-Dependent C-N-P Stocks and Stoichiometry in Ultisols Resulting from Conversion of Secondary Forests to Plantations and Driving Forces

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Ding ◽  
Xiaochuan Li ◽  
Ye Qi ◽  
Zhengyong Zhao ◽  
Dongxiao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Significant Difference

Stocks and stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in ultisols are not well documented for converted forests. In this study, Ultisols were sampled in 175 plots from one type of secondary forest and four plantations of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), Eucalypt (Eucalyptus obliqua L’Hér.), and Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn., 1782) in Yunfu, Guangdong province, South China. Five layers of soil were sampled with a distance of 20 cm between two adjacent layers up to a depth of 100 cm. We did not find interactive effects between forest type and soil layer depth on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and storages. Storage of SOC was not different between secondary forests and Eucalypt plantations, but SOC of these two forest types were lower than that in Litchi, Masson pine, and Slash pine plantations. Soil C:P was higher in Slash pine plantations than in secondary forests. Soil CNP showed a decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth. Soil TP did not show any significant difference among soil layers. Soil bulk density had a negative contribution to soil C and P stocks, and longitude and elevation were positive drivers for soil C, N, and P stocks. Overall, Litchi plantations are the only type of plantation that obtained enhanced C storage in 0–100 cm soils and diverse N concentrations among soil layers during the conversion from secondary forests to plantations over ultisols.

Oracella acuta (loblolly pine mealybug).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paris Lambdin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
The Usa

Abstract This species has had limited distribution from its native habitats in the southern region of the USA since its discovery and description (Lobdell, 1930). O. acuta appears to be restricted to feeding on species of pines and loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, is its preferred food source. In its native habitat, populations seldom reach pest status due to the presence of natural enemies. In 1988, it was transported to a pine seed orchard in China on slash pine, Pinus elliottii, scions purchased in the USA. Sun et al. (1996) noted that O. acuta-infested slash pine scions leaving the USA and entering China in 1988 were not subjected to the quarantine restrictions of either country. The loblolly pine mealybug quickly became established and rapidly spread throughout pine plantations in the Guangdong Province, China where it threatens both native and introduced species of pines in the region.

Assessment of soil carbon storage and nutrient contents in some wetlands soils of the northeastern region of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Arafat Rahman ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
Humyra B Murshed ◽  
MJ Uddin ◽  
ASM Mohiuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Wetland Soils ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Soil C Storage ◽  
Land Types

An investigation was carried out in four designated wetlands to assess soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and evaluate soil nutrients of the northeastern Sylhet basin of Bangladesh. SOC storage was the highest in the Nikli wetland (4.1 Tg), followed by Hakaluki (4.0 Tg), Hail (2.8 Tg) and Balai wetland soils (2.6 Tg) at 100 cm depths. It is found that the total soil C storage across the medium low land (MLL) and low land (LL) sites covering the four wetlands of the Sylhet basin is about 13.5Tg. C storage across the MLL and LL sites at 100 cm depths was estimated about 5.1Tg and 8.4Tg respectively. It is found that SOC storage was higher in the low land sites in contrast to medium low land sites. The soil property varies depending on land types, soil depths and spatial distributions. Among the investigated wetland soils, Hakaluki wetland stored higher amount of SOC in the deeper soil layers whereas an inverse relationship between soil depth and SOC storage was noted for rest of the wetlands. It is apprehended that SOC storage thus gradually lessening in greater magnitude due to climate change and other anthropogenic reasons. An integrated management approach should be developed to restore the SOC sink. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(1): 115-124, 2021 (January)

scholarly journals Fusiform Rust Trends in East Texas: 1969-1987

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Lenhart ◽  
W. Thomas McGrath ◽  
Terry L. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Cronartium Quercuum ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Five surveys of pine plantations in East Texas over an 18-year period (1969-1987) indicated that fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme Birdsall and Snow) infection rates have increased to current levels of about 50% on slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and are continuing to increase on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to 10-15% levels. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):259-261.

Soil acidification and the carbon cycle in a cropping soil of north-eastern Victoria

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Slattery ◽  
D. G. Edwards ◽  
L. C. Bell ◽  
D. R. Coventry ◽  
K. R. Helyar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Soil Buffering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Organic C

Changes in soil organic matter were determined for a long-term (1975–95) experiment at the Rutherglen Research Institute in north-eastern Victoria. The crop rotations in this experiment were continuous lupins (LL) and continuous wheat (WW). The soil at this site was a solodic or Yellow Dermosol with a soil pH of 6·08 (pH in 0·01 М CaCl2 1 : 5) in 1975 in the surface 10 cm, which had declined by 0·8 and 1·5 pH units for WW and LL, respectively, in the 0–20 cm soil zone by 1992. Acidification rates decreased with increasing soil depth. The acidification rate in the 0–60 cm soil zone was 12·5 kmol(H+)/ha·year for the LL rotation and 4·6 kmol(H+)/ha·year for the WW rotation. The amount of CaCO3 required to neutralise the acidification of wheat-lupin rotations as calculated in this paper was up to 3·8 t/ha ·10 years for a WLWL rotation or 3 ·3 t/ha ·10 years for a WWL rotation; these amounts are significantly higher than previously reported rates. In this paper, we calculate the impact of changes in soil carbon (C) status over time, and therefore soil buffering, on the rates of acidification in incremental soil layers to a depth of 60 cm. Total organic C for these rotations in 1992 was 1·12% for WW and 1·17% for LL in the 0–10 cm soil zone. An investigation of the humic and fulvic acid fractions of these 2 rotations to a depth of 60 cm showed that the LL rotation had significantly higher (P < 0·05) C at depth than the WW rotation. Acidification due to the net decrease in soil C over the 15-year study period plus acidification due to the alkali removed in the seed was calculated to be –4·88 kmol(H+)/ha·year for the LL rotation and –6·52 kmol(H+)/ha·year for the WW rotation.

scholarly journals C Stock of Top Soil and It Spatial Distribution in Mangrove Community of Trimulyo, Semarang City

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Dhita Prasisca Mutiatari ◽  
Rudhi Pribadi ◽  
Nana Kariada Tri Martuti
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C Stock

Mangrove ecosystem plays important role as carbon sink, not only on mangrove community but also on the top soil. The purposes of this research were 1) to estimates and compare C-stocks in vegetation and non-vegetation mangrove soils (represented by aquaculture ponds and mudflats); 2) modeling the spatial distribution of soil C-stocks in the study area. The purposive sampling method was used to determine 16 sample plots representing vegetation and non-vegetation mangroves. In each plot, the soil samples were taken on top soil layer (0-10 cm). For general display of spatial distribution maps of soil C-stocks, spatial interpolation is used by the Ordinary Kriging method. The result showed that total of soil C-stocks in coastal area of Trimulyo was 148.53 MgC ha-1, with composition of 53.59% in mangrove vegetation, 38.82% and 7.57% in cultivation pond and mudflat, respectively. Statistical analysis with ANOVA test showed no significant difference (ρ = 0.972) between soil C stock in vegetation and non-vegetation mangrove. It shows that the water column on the coast of Trimulyo has great potential as a carbon store.

scholarly journals A New Whole-Stand Model for Unmanaged Loblolly and Slash Pine Plantations in East Texas

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean W. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Yield Model

Abstract A new compatible whole-stand growth-and-yield model to predict total tree cubic-foot volume per acre yield (outside and inside bark) was developed for unmanaged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii) plantations in East Texas. This model was compared with the noncompatible whole-stand model of Lenhart (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15-2127">Lenhart, 1996</xref>, Total and partial stand-level yield prediction for loblolly and slash pine plantations in east Texas, South. J. Appl. For. 20(1):36–41) and the <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15-2127">Lenhart (1996)</xref> model refit to current data. For the two species, all three models were evaluated with independent observed data. The model developed in this study outperformed both Lenhart models in prediction of future yield and basal area per acre for all age classes combined and by 5-year age classes. The Lenhart models consistently overestimated yield and basal area per acre. All three models predicted surviving trees per acre similarly. An example is also provided to show users how to use the new whole-stand model.

scholarly journals SPATIAL AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF LITTER AND BELOWGROUND CARBON IN A BRAZILIAN CERRADO VEGETATION

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Augusto Morais ◽  
Carla Alessandra Santos ◽  
José Márcio Mello ◽  
Hassan Camil Dadid ◽  
Emanuel José Gomes Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Coarse Roots ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Root Carbon ◽  
Spatial And Vertical Distribution

ABSTRACT Forest ecosystems contribute significantly to store greenhouse gases. This paper aimed to investigate the spatial and vertical distribution of litter, roots, and soil carbon. We obtained biomass and carbon of compartments (litter, roots, and soil) in a vegetation from Cerrado biome, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The materials were collected in 7 0.5 m² sub-plots randomly allocated in the vegetation. Root and soil samples were taken from five soil layers across the 0-100 cm depth. Roots were classified into three diameter classes: fine (<5 mm), medium (5-10 mm), and coarse (>10 mm) roots. The carbon stock was mapped through geostatistical analysis. The results indicated averages of soil carbon stock of 208.5 Mg.ha-1 (94.6% of the total carbon), root carbon of 6.8 Mg.ha-1 (3.1%), and litter of 5 Mg.ha-1 (2.3%). The root carbon was majority stored in coarse roots (83%), followed by fine (10%), and medium roots (7%). The largest portion of fine roots concentrated in the 0-10 cm soil depth, whereas medium and coarse roots were majority in the 10-20 cm depth. The largest portion of soil (53%) and root (85%) carbon were stored in superficial soil layers (above 40 cm). As conclusion, the carbon spatial distribution follows a reasonable trend among the compartments. There is a vertical relation of which the deeper the soil layer, the lower the soil and root carbon stock. Excepting the shallowest layer, coarse roots held the largest portion of carbon across the evaluated soil layers.

scholarly journals A Modified Stand Table Projection Growth Model for Unmanaged Loblolly and Slash Pine Plantations in East Texas

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micky G. Allen ◽  
Dean W. Coble ◽  
Quang V. Cao ◽  
Jimmie Yeiser ◽  
I-Kuai Hung
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
New Models

Abstract Four methodologies to project future trees per acre by diameter class were compared to develop a new modified stand table projection growth model for unmanaged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantations in East Texas. The new models were fit to 92,882 observations from 153 permanent plots located in loblolly pine plantations and 33,792 observations from 71 permanent plots located in slash pine plantations throughout East Texas. The new models were validated with 12,750 observations from 22 permanent plots and 3,724 observations from 9 permanent plots located in loblolly and slash pine plantations, respectively. The validation data were used to select between the four methodologies. The results indicated which of the new models produced the best results, based on error indexes calculated for trees per acre and basal area per acre at the stand table and diameter class levels across a range of projection lengths. We recommend that this new model be used by forest managers for projecting stand tables in East Texas loblolly and slash pine plantations. An example is also provided to show users how to use the new modified stand table projection model.

Stable Isotope Analysis of Water Uptake Sources of Secondary Forests in the Central Yunnan Karst Plateau

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3795-3798
Author(s):  
Tao Fan ◽  
Yan Hua Wang ◽  
Lian Jun Guo ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Rock Fracture ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Quercus Variabilis

Ecosystems in the central of Yunnan karst plateau are very fragile due to thin soil layer and intensive infiltration capacity of rock fracture, which result in a very limited amount of water storage for plant uptake. Water retention in the soil zone and shallow fractured rock zone (subcutaneous) is a key factor for plant growth. Distinction of water sources taken by karst plants is a challenging task for botanists and hydrologists but is needed for ecosystem management. In this study, stable isotope analysis was used to investigate water sources for Quercus variabilis secondary forests at Shilin Geopark in Bajiang vally, central Yunnan of China. Proportions of water sources for plant uptake were determined by the δD and δ18O values of plant stem water, and water taken from soil layers and the subcutaneous zone. The analysis reveals that water was mainly taken from the soil layers and to less degree the subcutaneous zone as well. In dry seasons with scarce precipitation, plants in the secondary forest were prone to take more water from subcutaneous zone and upper layer of soil. Different species had different water use strategies, Quercus variabilisand Pistaciaweinmannifolia took a larger proportional water from the upper layer of soil and subcutaneous water, suggesting its deeper roots and wider range of shallower roots. However, Neolitsea homilantha extracted more percentage of water from the upper soil water because of its shallower roots.

The soil propagule bank in a boreal old-growth spruce forest: changes with depth and relationship to aboveground vegetation

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Rydgren ◽  
Geir Hestmark
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Propagule Bank ◽  
Uppermost Layer ◽  
Se Norway

The species composition and the depth distribution of the soil propagule banks of bryophytes and vascular plants from three different soil layers in a boreal old-growth spruce forest in SE Norway were studied using the emergence method. A total of 34 taxa germinated with a predominance of ferns and mosses. The frequency of the different species exhibits a common community pattern with a few common and a large number of low frequency species. The tree Betula pubescens, the ferns Athyrium filix-femina, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, and Phegopteris connectilis, and the mosses Plagiothecium laetum agg. and Polytrichum spp. were the most frequent. There is only a moderate correspondence, decreasing with soil depth, between the propagule bank and the aboveground vegetation in the sampled plots. In the soil profile, the litter layer on average had more taxa than the peaty mor and bleached layer (7.7, 6.0, and 5.5 taxa, respectively). Five of the 17 taxa occurring in more than 10% of the soil samples from the different soil layers were significantly more frequent in the upper soil layer, while two taxa were more frequent in either peaty mor and (or) the bleached layer than in the uppermost layer. The propagule bank in the different soil layers represents an in situ potential for regeneration of the vegetation after different degrees of disturbance in the forest floor. Key words: disturbance, soil propagule bank, boreal forest, bryophytes, vascular plants.

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