scholarly journals An assessment of seedling damage by wild house mice (Mus musculus) and wild deer mice (Peromyscus spp.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1168-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Witmer ◽  
Nathan P. Snow ◽  
Rachael S. Moulton ◽  
Jenna L. Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Wild House Mice

Although it is known that voles will damage seedlings, we do not know the extent to which deer mice (Peromyscus spp.) and house mice (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758) damage seedlings. Knowing this information can assist resource managers in better targeting problem species and implementing appropriate management actions. We planted and monitored ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson) and narrow-leaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia E. James) seedlings in metal stock tanks occupied by deer mice or house mice to assess the potential for damage by these rodents. Both species damaged leaves and stems of cottonwood seedlings, but house mice did more damage. House mouse damage resulted in mortality of over half of the cottonwood seedlings, whereas deer mice caused a much lower level of seedling mortality. Only slight damage was done by either species to pine seedlings. Neither species damaged the roots of seedlings, despite the extensive burrowing by house mice. Although voles are often considered to be the primary rodent species causing seedling damage, we have shown that deer mice and especially house mice could also cause substantial damage to deciduous seedlings. However, our work suggests that rodent control to prevent damage to conifer seedlings might not be warranted in general unless there are extenuating circumstances and the species causing the damage are identified to assist with targeting control methods more precisely.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical Barriers to Protect Ponderosa Pine Seedlings from Pocket Gophers

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pipas ◽  
Gary W. Witmer
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Pocket Gophers ◽  
Thomomys Talpoides ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Medium Weight ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A 2 yr study on the Rogue River and Mt. Hood National Forests in Oregon evaluated physical barriers for protection of Pinus ponderosa seedlings against damage by Thomomys talpoides. Seedlings protected with one of three weights of: (1) plastic mesh tubing (Vexar®) or (2) sandpapertubing (Durite®) were evaluated against control seedlings. On the Rogue River sites, Vexar® seedlings had the highest survival (62.6%), followed by the controls (59.1%), then Durite® seedlings (17.9%). Gophers were the primary cause of death for the Vexar® seedlings, versus desiccation for the Durite® seedlings. On the Mt. Hood sites, heavyweight Vexar® seedlings had the highest survival (35.4%), medium-weight Durite® seedlings the lowest (2.7%). Seedling mortality caused by gophers was highest for controls (70.2%), followed by light-weight (62.2%) and heavy-weight (53.9%) Vexar® treatments. Overall survival was low (Rogue River = 42%, Mt. Hood = 19.8%). Growth was greatest for the control seedlings but only significantly greater than growth of Durite® seedlings on the Rogue River sites. Growth of seedlings was not compromised by the Vexar® tubing. Although neither type of tubing was highly protective, Vexar® tubes performed better than Durite® tubes. West. J. Appl. For. 14(3):164-168.

scholarly journals Germination, Establishment, and Mortality of Naturally Seeded Southwestern Ponderosa Pine

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Stein ◽  
Diana N. Kimberling
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae

Abstract Information on the mortality factors affecting naturally seeded conifer seedlings is becoming increasingly important to forest managers for both economic and ecological reasons. Mortality factors affecting ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings immediately following natural germination and through the following year were monitored in Northern Arizona. The four major mortality factors in temporal order included the failure of roots to establish in the soil (27%), herbivory by lepidopteran larvae (28%), desiccation (30%), and winterkill (10%). These mortality factors were compared among seedlings germinating in three different overstory densities and an experimental water treatment. Seedlings that were experimentally watered experienced greater mortality than natural seedlings due to herbivory (40%), nearly as much mortality due to the failure of roots to establish in the soil (20%), less mortality due to winterkill (5%), and no mortality due to desiccation. The seedling mortality data through time were summarized using survivorship curves and life tables. Our results suggest that managers should consider using prescribed burns to decrease the percentage of seedlings that die from failure of their roots to reach mineral soil and from attack by lepidopteran larvae. West. J. Appl. For. 18(2):109–114.

scholarly journals Aspiculuris tetraptera in wild Mus musculus. Age resistance and acquired immunity.

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Behnke Jerzy
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Wild House Mice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

AbstractWild house mice, naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera were segregated according to their weight into six age groups. The prevalence of infection and the mean worm burden of these mice were studied in the different age groups. The overall prevalence of infection was high (57% or more) in all the groups except the youngest. Mice acquired larvae soon after weaning; the highest larval burdens were reached in juvenile mice and the highest mature worm burdens, a group later, in mature mice. Older mice had fewer larvae and fewer mature worms. The mature worm burdens decreased but relatively slower than the larval burdens. It is suggested that either innate or acquired resistance could account for these observations.

scholarly journals OESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION AND PREGNANCY BLOCKING IN WILD HOUSE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS)

Reproduction ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. CHIPMAN ◽  
K. A. FOX
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Wild House Mice

Effect of Bearmat (Chamaebatia foliolosa) on Soil Moisture and Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Tappeiner ◽  
Steven R. Radosevich
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

An experiment was established in 1961 to determine the influence of bearmat (Chamaebatia foliolosa Benth.) competition on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) survival and growth. Ponderosa pine seedlings were planted in bearmat which was: (A) untreated, (B) sprayed with a mixture of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], and (C) eliminated by a combination of herbicide, clipping sprouts, and trenching to prevent root and rhizome invasion. Ponderosa pine survival after 19 yr averaged 9%, 66%, and 90%, respectively, for the three treatments. Tree height after 19 yr averaged 1.6, 1.9, and 5.7 m for treatments A, B, and C, respectively. Soil moisture use was initially less on the herbicide-treated than on the untreated plots, but bearmat quickly sprouted after application to compete with the pine seedlings for moisture. After 19 yr the bearmat was more dense and appeared to be more vigorous on the sprayed plots than on those receiving no treatment. We estimate that 75% reduction in net wood production could result after 50 yr on this site from bearmat competition.

Genetically Improved Ponderosa Pine Seedlings Outgrow Nursery-Run Seedlings with and without Competition—Early Findings

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M. McDonald ◽  
Gary O. Fiddler ◽  
Jay H. Kitzmiller
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Genetically Improved

Abstract Three classes of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings (nursery-run, wind-pollinated, control-pollinated) were evaluated for stem height and diameter at the USDA Forest Service's Placerville Nursery and the Georgetown Ranger District in northern California. Pines in all three classes were grown with competing vegetation or maintained in a free-to-grow condition. Control-pollinated seedlings were statistically taller (P < 0.05) than nursery-run counterparts when outplanted, and after 1 and 2 growing seasons in the field with and without competition. They also had significantly larger diameters when outplanted and after 2 growing seasons in the field when free to grow. Wind-pollinated seedlings grew taller than nursery-run seedlings when free to grow. A large amount of competing vegetation [bearclover (Chamaebatia foliolosa)—29,490 plants per acre; herbaceous vegetation—11,500; hardwood sprouts—233; and whiteleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos viscida) seedlings—100] ensure that future pine development will be tested rigorously. West. J. Appl. For. 9(2):00-00.

scholarly journals Provenance Geographical and Climatic Characteristics Influence Budburst Phenology of Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Aalap Dixit ◽  
Thomas Kolb ◽  
Owen Burney
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Provenance Variation ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Budburst Phenology

Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson var. scopulorum Engelm.) forests of the southwestern US are threatened by climate change and deforestation. Information about geographic patterns of provenance variation in budburst phenology is needed to make decisions about selecting seed sources for future planting. In this study, provenance variation in the budburst phenology of ponderosa pine seedlings was examined using common garden studies. Seedlings from 21 provenances, representing an elevational gradient in Arizona and New Mexico, were planted in July 2018 at a ponderosa pine-dominated field site in northern Arizona. Field budburst was monitored weekly on all seedlings in the spring of 2019. Field budburst was compared with budburst timing of the same provenances measured under greenhouse conditions. The hypotheses for this study were that (1) budburst varies among provenances, with earlier budburst in low-elevation provenances, and (2) differences in budburst timing among provenances are consistent for seedlings grown in greenhouse and field environments. Field results show that provenances vary in budburst date and that low- and middle-elevation provenances break bud sooner than high-elevation provenances. Field budburst date had a moderate, positive correlation with provenance mean annual precipitation (r = 0.522) and a moderate, negative trend with latitude (r = −0.413). Budburst date of provenances in the greenhouse had a moderate, positive trend with budburst date in the field (r = 0.554), suggesting application of greenhouse results to field plantings. Such information about provenance variation and environmental and geographic trends in budburst timing will be useful for developing species-specific seed transfer guidelines and effective assisted migration strategies in a changing climate.

Molecular identification of ectomycorrhizas associated with ponderosa pine seedlings in Patagonian nurseries (Argentina)

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1940-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Barroetaveña ◽  
M. B. Pildain ◽  
M. E. Salgado Salomón ◽  
J. L. Eberhart
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
New Records ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Wilcoxina Mikolae

Ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.), an ectomycorrhiza (EM) dependent species, has been widely introduced in Patagonia, Argentina. This study used morphotyping, restriction analysis, and sequencing of EM root tips from ponderosa pine seedlings in two nurseries to assess the complete EM fungus (EMF) richness, to confirm doubtful identities of commonly reported morphotypes, and to evaluate the efficiency of morphotyping compared with molecular analysis. This interdisciplinary approach together with the fact that is the first study in which Patagonian nurseries EMF are genetically evaluated contributes to the general knowledge of this important group of fungi. Sequencing revealed the presence of 11 taxa. Basidiomycetes included Thelephoraceae ( Tomentella sp.), Atheliaceae ( Amphinema byssoides (Pers.) J. Erikss.), Hydnangiaceae ( Laccaria sp.), Rhizopogonaceae ( Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th. Fr.), and Cortinariaceae ( Hebeloma mesophaeum (Pers.) Quel.). Ascomycetes included Pezizaceae ( Wilcoxina mikolae (Chin S. Yang & H.E. Wilcox) Chin S. Yang & Korf and Wilcoxina sp.) and Tuberaceae ( Tuber sp.). Morphotyping proved to be useful for certain EMF species (R. roseolus, H. mesophaeum, A. byssoides, and to a lesser extent Tuber sp.) in which some morphological features are conspicuous and unique. Our detection of W. mikolae and Wilcoxina sp. are new records for ponderosa pine in Patagonia. All of the EM taxa identified are common to pine plantations and nurseries around the world, and no indigenous EM associated with native Nothofagus spp. were found.

scholarly journals Field trials of calciferol combined with warfarin against wild house-mice (Mus musculus L.)

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Rowe ◽  
F. J. Smith ◽  
T. Swinney
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
House Mouse ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Wild House Mice ◽  
Farm Buildings

SummaryA combination of calciferol (vitamin D2) and warfarin, each at 0·025% in medium oatmeal bait, failed to control six of seven house-mouse (Mus musculus L.) populations infesting urban and farm buildings. In three further treatments with both calciferol and warfarin at 0·05 % in dehusked canary seed bait plus 5% corn oil, mortality, estimated from the consumption of pre- and post-treatment census bait, ranged between 94·2 and 97·4%. Finally, among sixteen treatments done with calciferol at 0·1% and warfarin at 0·025% in various cereal baits, the best results (97·0–100%) were obtained in six treatments where the bait-base was whole canary seed; this was so whether the poison bait was applied directly or after a 3-day pre-baiting period. It is concluded that calciferol at 0·1 % plus warfarin at 0·025 % is an effective combination against house-mice, especially when used with whole canary seed. The role played by warfarin in the poison mixture needs to be investigated further.

scholarly journals The toxicity and acceptability of the sodium salt of pindone, an anti-coagulant rodenticide, to the house-mouse (Mus musculus L.)

1961 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
House Mouse ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Wild House Mice ◽  
The Difference

1. A 0·005% solution of the sodium salt of pindone was found to kill wild house-mice (Mus musculus) in 4–6 days. Mice offered a choice between this solution and water drank more water, but the difference in consumption was not statistically significant.2. The addition of 1% sugar did not appreciably alter the palatability of a 0·005% solution, but a solution of the anti-coagulant containing 10% sugar was more readily accepted than water. This preference was maintained with solution 4 months old.

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