Field growth of Pinussylvestris following nursery inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 914-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elna Stenström ◽  
Mats Ek
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Field Growth ◽  
Indigenous Forest ◽  
Colonization Rates

Growth of Pinussylvestris L. seedlings inoculated with a number of forest mycorrhizal fungi (Amanitamuscaria (L. ex Fr.) Hooker, Lactariusrufus (Scop.) Fr., Suillusvariegatus (Swartz ex Fr.) O. Kuntze, Tricholomaalbobrunneum (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer, and an unknown mycorrhizal fungus) in the nursery was studied for 3 years after field planting. At outplanting, 10–40% of the root tips were mycorrhizal, consisting of both the inoculated fungi and an indigenous nursery mycorrhiza, Thelephoraterrestris (Ehrh.) Fr. In the field the target fungi were replaced by several indigenous forest mycorrhizal fungi, which also rapidly colonized the remaining uncolonized root system. At outplanting, some of the inoculated seedlings were substantially smaller than the uninoculated seedlings. However, after 2.5 years seedlings in some of the treatments were up to 50% larger in volume than control seedlings. Even at low initial mycorrhizal colonization rates some mycorrhizal species stimulated seedling growth. The most noticeable response occurred in seedlings inoculated with A. muscaria; although they were about 50% smaller than the control seedlings at outplanting, they grew so rapidly that 18 months later they were about 20% larger than the controls. This observation contradicts previous reports on the importance of seedling size at outplanting. Possible explanations for the observed effects are discussed.

scholarly journals Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares influenciam o desempenho hortícola de cultivares de morangueiro

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e45410716972
Author(s):  
José Luís Trevizan Chiomento ◽  
João Eduardo Carniel de Paula ◽  
Fabiola Stockmans De Nardi ◽  
Thomas dos Santos Trentin ◽  
Fernando Brollo Magro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

The inoculation of strawberry cultivars with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a profitable and viable biotechnological tool, with potential to improve the horticultural performance of plants. However, this biotechnology is lacking and unknown to producers. The aim of the research was to investigate whether strawberry cultivars in the absence and presence of inoculation with AMF differ in their horticultural performance. The treatments, delineated in a bifactorial scheme, were four strawberry cultivars in the absence and presence of two AMF-based inoculants. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, with three replications. The root system of ‘Albion’ cultivar showed the highest mycorrhizal colonization. Claroideoglomus etunicatum showed greater capacity to infect plant roots. ‘Portola’ was the most productive cultivar and ‘Albion’ and ‘Aromas’ produced strawberries with the highest levels of total anthocyanins. It is concluded that the use of mycorrhizal biotechnology enhances the levels of total flavonoids in fruits of the ‘Albion’ cultivar inoculated with the fungal species C. etunicatum. The root system of ‘Albion’ cultivar has greater mycorrhizal colonization. The fungal species C. etunicatum is more effective in colonizing the roots of the plant host. It is suggested to use the ‘Portola’ cultivar to obtain higher fruit yields and the ‘Albion’ and ‘Aromas’ cultivars for producers who aim to obtain strawberries with higher levels of total anthocyanins. ‘Aromas’ is recommended for those seeking a dual purpose (production and quality).

The influence of mycorrhizal colonization on the vegetative growth and sexual reproductive potential of Lythrum salicaria L.

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne J Philip ◽  
Usher Posluszny ◽  
John N Klironomos
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Purple Loosestrife

Lythrum salicaria L., purple loosestrife, is a heterostylous, perennial plant with prolific and at times invasive vegetative growth and sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction occurs following pollination and fertilization between two different floral morphs. We investigated the influence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus aggregatum Schenck and Smith emend. Koske, on the vegetative growth and sexual reproductive potential of L. salicaria. Mycorrhiza decreased plant biomass both aboveground and belowground. Flower production, number of days to anthesis, numbers of flowers per inflorescence, and inflorescence lengths were not significantly different between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal treatments. However, pollen production per anther and per flower increased with mycorrhizal colonization. Though ovule production was not affected, some aspects of purple loosestrife morphology did change. Plants with mycorrhizae produced inflorescence (in lateral positions) further up the stem. In addition, flower distribution within an inflorescence differed according to morph (short, mid, and long style) such that in the mid and long morphs flower number increased with inflorescence length and was unevenly distributed, while in the short morph this distribution appeared even. The relative biomass of stems, leaves, lateral branches, and reproductive structures were not significantly different in mycorrhizal plants, whereas in the absence of mycorrhizal colonization, stem biomass was higher relative to other structures. This study suggests some vegetative and reproductive characteristics in purple loosestrife change with an association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Key words: purple loosestrife, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant reproduction.

Influence of soil compaction and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae on root growth of yellow poplar and sweet gum seedlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 970-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Simmons ◽  
P. E. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Greenhouse Study

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the influence of soil compaction on root growth of yellow poplar (Liriodendrontulipifera L.) and sweet gum (Liquidambarstyraciflua L.) seedlings grown in association with the mycorrhizal fungi Glomusmacrocarpum Tul. and Tul. or G. fasciculatum (Thaxt) Gerd. and Trappe. Seedlings were transplanted into pots that contained silt loam compacted to bulk densities of 1.25, 1.40, or 1.55 Mg m−3. Fungal chlamydospores or control filtrates were used to inoculate seedlings. Weight and length of yellow poplar roots were significantly greater at the lower bulk densities than at the highest bulk density, but fibrosity of the root system was unaffected by increasing bulk density. Weight, length, and fibrosity of the sweetgum root system decreased significantly with each increase in bulk density. Inoculated yellow poplar seedlings had greater root weight at each bulk density than noninoculated seedlings, but root length was not influenced by mycorrhizal treatments at higher bulk densities. Fibrosity of yellow poplar roots varied by mycorrhizal treatment at each bulk density. Results indicate that for yellow poplar, compaction effects may outweigh mycorrhizal benefits at higher bulk densities. At each bulk density, sweet gum seedlings inoculated with G. fasciculatum showed the greatest root growth, suggesting that effects of compaction can be alleviated for sweet gum by inoculation with this mycorrhizal fungus.

Mycorrhizal relationship in lupines: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Shi ◽  
X. L. Zhang ◽  
S. X. Su ◽  
Z. J. Lan ◽  
K. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Function ◽  
Colonization Rates

Legume crops are widely cultivated with agronomical and economic significance. Majority of legume species are known to form mycorrhizal symbioses. However, plants in the genus Lupinus are generally considered as nonmycorrhizal. In this review, published researches with regards to mycorrhizal colonization and function in lupines were revisited. Research findings on mycorrhizal colonization (field or laboratory conditions) and functions (promotion in plant growth, nutrient uptake and metabolites) are summarized. These studies show that 35 out of 43 Lupinus species are colonized by mycorrhizal fungi although their root colonization rates are very low (>10%). The symbiotic status between mycorrhizal fungi and Lupinus species depend on lupine species, fungal taxa, and edaphic growth conditions. The functions of mycorrhizas on lupines exhibit more on physiology than the absorption of P. The responses of lupines to mycorrhizal fungi changed depending on mycorrhizal and Lupinus species and especially soil P concentrations. Based on current limited studies, conclusions on the nature of mycorrhizal relation in lupine could be compromised unless further studies with detailed field surveys and well-designed experiments are implemented.

Variation in field response of Pinussylvestris to nursery inoculation with four different ectomycorrhizal fungi

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1796-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elna Stenström ◽  
Mats Ek ◽  
Torgny Unestam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Field Response ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Indigenous Forest

Pinussylvestris L. seedlings were inoculated in nursery containers with the assertive mycorrhizal formers Laccarialaccata (Scop, ex Fr.) Bk. & Br., Hebelomacrustuliniforme (Bull, ex Fr.) Quélet, and Cenococcumgeophilum Fr. After outplanting, seedling size and the frequency of mycorrhizal root tips were monitored over 6 years. Between 25 and 90% of the root tips of inoculated seedlings were mycorrhizal with the target fungi at outplanting, whereas the noninoculated control seedlings were spontaneously colonized by other fungi at rates between 25 and 50%. After 1.5 years the inoculated fungi were still present on the roots; however, they were slowly being replaced by indigenous forest species. In the nursery, most of the inoculations resulted in reduced seedling growth. This inhibition of growth rate was pronounced up to 1.5 years in the field, except for seedlings inoculated with C. geophilum. By this time, L. laccata and H. crustuliniforme inoculated seedlings were about 40 to 50% smaller in volume than the control seedlings, and the relative difference in size was maintained or slightly decreased during the following 4 years. The noninoculated nursery production seedlings were about 50% larger in volume than the corresponding control seedlings at outplanting. In the field, however, they grew relatively slower and consequently, were soon similar in volume to the control seedlings.

scholarly journals (371) Hydroponic Inoculation of Cranberry with Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1058D-1058
Author(s):  
Piero A. Spada ◽  
Beth Ann A. Workmaster ◽  
Kevin R. Kosola
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) plants colonized with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi are capable of utilizing organic nitrogen sources that are unavailable to non-mycorrhizal plants. Despite the importance of mycorrhizal colonization in the nitrogen nutrition of wild cranberry, almost all measurements of cranberry nitrogen uptake and assimilation have been carried out with non-mycorrhizal plants. We have found that cranberry can be inoculated directly in solution culture. We cultured the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Hymenoscyphusericaein liquid culture, harvested and rinsed hyphae, and added ≈200 mg fresh weight hyphae per rooted cranberry cutting (cv. Stevens) growing in a modified Johnson's solution. After 6 weeks, newly developed roots were most heavily colonized. We examined the effects of NH4+ concentration (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 500 μm NH4+) in solution on colonization rates. Colonization (% root length) increased with increasing ammonium concentration in solution, with maximum colonization at 50 and 100 μm NH4+; colonization was much lower at 500 μm NH4+. Cranberry inoculated with H. ericaein solution culture will be used for analysis of the effects of mycorrhizal colonization on uptake kinetics of NH4+, NO3-, and amino acids.

scholarly journals Suppression of Pratylenchus brachyurus and soybean growth inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e3
Author(s):  
Edicarla Trentin ◽  
Valéria Ortaça Portela ◽  
Juliane Schmitt ◽  
Reyllis Kiefer Unfer ◽  
Zaida Inês Antoniolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Soybean Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi perform a variety of plant-beneficial processes. including increased resistance to disease. The objective of this work was to study arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoglomus clarum effect on phytonematode Pratylenchus brachyurus suppression and on soybean plants growth. Two experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions. First. soybean plants growth was evaluated in mycorrhizal fungi presence and absence. In the second experiment. phytonematode damage in soybean cultivated in mycorrhizal fungi presence and absence was evaluated. During soybean flowering was evaluated mycorrhizal colonization, dry matter, nodulation, chlorophyll and nutrient content in plant tissue, nematodes number in soil and root penetration, and nematode reproduction factor was obtained, R. clarum mycorrhizal colonization reduced by 64% the number of nematodes penetrated in roots and increased soybean plants nodulation, nutrient absorption and dry matter accumulation. The stimulation to mycorrhization is a strategy to reduce damage caused by Pratylenchus brachyurus to soybean plants.

scholarly journals Presence of mycorrhizal fungi and a fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. in the rhizosphere of cacao in two agroecosystems and their effects on cacao seedling growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Guillermo Ramirez ◽  
Laura Osorno ◽  
Nelson Walter Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonas ◽  
Moist Forest ◽  
Native Strains ◽  
Glomus Sp

In recent years the cultivation of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Colombia has been growing up, resulting in the need to develop a sustainable production system. In this regard, ben eficial soil microorganisms are an alternative for improving plant productivity, but this requires knowledge of their ecology and functioning. This study had the objective of identify and quantify arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. associated with the soil and rhizosphere of cacao plants in two agroecosystems, one of them was in a tropi cal dry forest (TDF) and the other in a tropical moist forest (TMF). In a second stage of the study, native strains of Glomus sp., Acaulospora sp., and fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. were se lected and multiplied in the lab. Subsequently, the effectiveness of these strains to promote cacao seedling growth was tested in a greenhouse experiment. The results indicate that there was a significant (P<0.05) greater mycorrhizal colonization and diversity associated to the roots of cacao growing in agroeco systems of the tropical moist forest. However, not significant differences were detected regarding the presence of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. in the two agroecosystems. Otherwise, in the greenhouse experiments, the inoculation with the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus sp. was the only treatment that promoted the cacao seedling growth.

scholarly journals Performance of the root system of tomato plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and submitted to the grafting technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3426
Author(s):  
José Luís Trevizan Chiomento ◽  
Valéria Lúcia Faotto Cavali ◽  
Rosiani Castoldi da Costa ◽  
Thomas Dos Santos Trentin ◽  
Alexandre Augusto Nienow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Grafting Technique ◽  
Combined Use

Information about the combined use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in grafted horticultural crops are scarce, as is the case of tomato. Therefore, we investigated if the association between AMF and the grafting technique modifies the performance of the root system of tomato plants grown on substrate. The treatments, outlined in a two-factorial scheme, were absence of inoculation and two inoculants of AMF (Rhizophagus clarus and mycorrhizal community) inserted in grafted and non-grafted tomato plants. The experiment was designed entirely at random, with five replications. The evaluations in the root system of the plants were carried out at 30 and 120 days after transplantation (DAT). Grafted plants evaluated at 30 DAT showed greater mycorrhizal colonization when cultivated with R. clarus. However, in the 120 DAT evaluation, the greatest mycorrhizal colonization was observed in non-grafted plants produced with the mycorrhizal community. At 120 DAT, the plants produced with the mycorrhizal community showed a more developed root system in relation to non-mycorrhized plants. The root system of plants non-grafted at 120 DAT was more robust when compared to grafted plants. In conclusion, the AMF-grafting interface interferes in the mycorrhizal colonization of the root system of tomato plants. The grafting technique does not improve the development of the root system. The inoculation of tomato plants with the mycorrhizal community enhances the development of roots at 120 DAT.

scholarly journals Interactions between diazotrophic bacteria and mycorrhizal fungus in maize genotypes

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Yumi Horta Miyauchi ◽  
Dáfila Santos Lima ◽  
Marco Antonio Nogueira ◽  
Gisele Milani Lovato ◽  
Letícia Sayuri Murate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Plant P Uptake

Some diazotrophic bacteria can fix nitrogen biologically in gramineous host plants. Generally, gramineous plants are also associated with mycorrhizal fungi, that can improve mainly plant P uptake. Among the factors affecting plant-microbe interactions, the plant genotype plays an important role. This study evaluates the effect of diazotrophic bacteria and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), on five genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.), in relation to plant biomass, shoot N and P concentrations, and fine root morphological traits. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial 5 × 4 × 2 arrangement, i.e., five maize genotypes (hybrids C333B, AS3466, and PREMIUM, and the inbreed lines lg40897-1 and lg40505-1), three diazotrophic bacteria (Azospirillum lipoferum, A. amazonense, and Burkholderia sp.) in addition to a control without bacterial inoculation, co-inoculated or not with the AMF Glomus clarum. The non-mycorrhizal plants inoculated with Azospirillum exhibited the highest N concentrations. The lines lg40897-1 and lg40505-1 showed higher P concentrations as compared to the hybrids, mainly when colonized by AMF. The higher levels of mycorrhizal colonization (90%) occurred in the C333B and lg40897-1 genotypes, which also exhibited a greater root diameter. Mycorrhiza increased shoot and root biomass, besides root traits as total length, specific length, total surface, and incidence of root hairs in all genotypes. In addition, mycorrhiza also stimulated the root colonization by diazotrophic bacteria. The bacteria did not affect root morphological traits and mycorrhizal colonization.

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