Five batches representative of Ontario-grown American ginseng root produce comparable reductions of postprandial glycemia in healthy individualsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 856-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria Dascalu ◽  
John L. Sievenpiper ◽  
Alexandra L. Jenkins ◽  
Mark P. Stavro ◽  
Lawrence A. Leiter ◽  
...  

Evidence indicates that the glycemia-lowering effect of American ginseng root may be batch dependent. We therefore evaluated the effect of 5 root batches, representative of Ontario-grown American ginseng, on postprandial glucose and insulin indices. Twelve healthy subjects (5 male, 7 female), mean ± SE age 26.5 ± 2 years, body mass index 23.96 ± 3.41 kg/m2, fasting blood glucose 4.77 ± 0.04 mmol/L, were assigned to consume 9 g of American ginseng from 5 farms (A–E), administered in randomized sequence on 5 separate visits, and a water-control during the 6th and last visit. Treatments were consumed 40 min before a 2-hour 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured at baseline, before, and during the test. Compared with control, batches A and C reduced glucose incremental area under the curve (IAUC) by 35.2% (156 vs. 240 mmol·min/L) and 32.6% (162 vs. 240 mmol·min/L), respectively. Batches A, C, and E reduced incremental peak glucose by 1.3, 1.2, and 1.1 mmol/L, respectively. Batch C reduced the insulin IAUC by 27.7% (15.8 vs. 21.8 nmol·min/L). Effects on glucose and insulin parameters were not different across ginseng treatments. The mean of the 5 ginseng treatments reduced peak postprandial glucose by 1.0 mmol/L, glucose IAUC by 27.7% (173 vs. 240 mmol·min/L), and insulin IAUC by 23.8% (16.6 vs. 21.8 nmol·min/L) relative to control. (All results statistically significant at p < 0.05.) American ginseng decreased postprandial glycemia and insulinemia; however, 40% of the batches did not reduce glycemia with the anticipated magnitude, irrespective of their saponin composition.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1275-1275
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sevilla ◽  
Donaji Gomez-Velasco ◽  
Ivette Cruz-Bautista ◽  
Laura Lazaro-Carrera ◽  
Paloma Almeda-Valdes ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives A haplotype in SLC16A11 is associated with decreased insulin action, and risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Mexicans. We aim to determine the impact of the risk haplotype on SLC16A11 on early therapeutic responses in treatments to prevent T2D. Methods We recruited subjects with at least one prediabetes criteria according to the American Diabetes Association, and body mass index 25–45 kg/m2. Subjects were randomized in two groups: lifestyle intervention (LSI): hypocaloric diet, 25 kcal/kg of ideal weight, 45% of the total intake of carbohydrates, 30% lipids and 15% protein sources + physical activity (&gt;150 min medium intensity per week), or LSI + metformin (750 mg prolonged release twice a day). Interventions were prescribed by standardized dietitians. The goal was to achieve &gt;3% weight loss. We evaluated the early treatment response in a follow-up period of 12 weeks with intermediate visits each 3 weeks to reinforce knowledge and treatment goals. Evaluations (baseline and post-treatment) included an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Adherence to treatment was measured trough electronic recordings. Participants were genotyped for the risk allele rs13342232. Researchers remained blinded to the genotype results. The effects of the risk haplotype were evaluated with linear and logistic regressions adjusted by age, sex, and baseline body fat %. Results We evaluated 61 subjects, 30 carriers, and 31 non-carriers. Most of participants (57%) achieved ≥3% weight loss. The LSI + metformin treatment increased in carriers, 2 times OR 3 IC95% (1.07 – 8.6) (P = 0.04) the probability to reach the ≥3% weight loss goal compared with LSI and non-carriers. In the same treatment, carriers had a greater decrease in the total and incremental area under the curve of insulin in the OGTT IC95% (−1.75 −0.11) (P = 0.02) compared with non-carriers and LSI. Carriers also had higher decrease in postprandial glucose compared with non-carriers regardless of treatment −12.63 + 30.38 vs 0.71 30.24 (P = 0.02). Conclusions After 12 weeks of treatment, carriers with prediabetes showed a higher probability achieve weight loss and to improve insulin secretion with metformin. Regardless of the treatment, carriers were prone to improve postprandial glucose. Funding Sources Miguel Aleman Medical Research Award.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1086-1086
Author(s):  
Nu Tang ◽  
Yajun Chen ◽  
Weijia Wu ◽  
Jingshu Zhang ◽  
Kaiyun Tan ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives The association between plasma irisin and glucose levels in general population was controversial and few researches longitudinally explored this correlation. We aimed to examine whether mid-pregnancy irisin was associated with postpartum glucose among Chinese women and explore the potential modifiable factors. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in Guangzhou, China during 2017–2018 and 453 pregnant women (20–28 weeks) were enrolled. At 6–8 weeks after birth, 94 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, and the other 359 women had a fasting blood glucose (FBG) test. Multivariable linear regression, quantile regression, and logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results Mean baseline plasma irisin was 13.73 ng/ml. The prevalence of postpartum impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was 14.35% in all participants. Among women with previous GDM, 23 (24.47%) had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). We found a significantly negative association between mid-pregnancy irisin and postpartum FBG (β: −0.056 ± 0.024). While quantile regression showed the associations were only significant in high percentiles of FBG (P50 to P95), and the magnitude displayed an increasing trend. In addition, higher baseline irisin was associated with lower risk of postpartum IFG (RR, 0.563; CI, 0.384–0.825). Furthermore, we detected significant interactions between irisin and breastfeeding on FBG and IFG (both Pinteraction &lt; 0.05). But baseline irisin was not significantly associated with postpartum postprandial glucose levels or the risk of IGT in women with GDM. Conclusions Plasma irisin levels during mid-pregnancy were negatively associated with FBG and IFG at 6–8 weeks postpartum among Chinese women, and stronger associations in women with higher FBG values were observed. Moreover, breastfeeding may modify this relationship. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81,602,862) and the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (SZSM201803061).


2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 838-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Silva Aguiar ◽  
Caio Victor Sousa ◽  
Herbert Gustavo Simões ◽  
Rodrigo Vanerson Passos Neves ◽  
Fernando Costa ◽  
...  

Resistance exercise (RE) can be an excellent modality for glycemic control. Studies have demonstrated that a single RE session can reduce glycemia in subjects with or without diabetes. Little is known about the dose–response effect of RE on glycemic control. This study aimed to investigate the acute metabolic responses after different RE protocols. Eighty-nine males were separated into six groups that completed RE protocols: 2 sets of 18 repetitions (2 × 18 at 50% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM); n = 19); 3 sets of 12 repetitions (3 × 12 at 70% of 1RM; n = 14); 4 sets of 9 repetitions (4 × 9 at 80% of 1RM; n = 13); 6 sets of 6 repetitions (6 × 6 at 90% of 1RM; n = 19); circuit (2 × 18 at 50% of 1RM; n = 12); and a control session (n = 12). The exercise sequence consisted of 8 exercises. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted with metabolic measurements immediately after each RE protocol and every 15 min until 120 min of recovery. All groups exhibited significantly lower values (p < 0.05) in the glucose area under the curve (AUC) when compared with control over a 120 min monitoring period. The 6 × 6 group showed a significantly lower glucose AUC versus the 3 × 12 and 4 × 9 groups (p = 0.004; p = 0.001, respectively). As for blood lactate, the control and 6 × 6 groups exhibited lower AUC values versus all other groups (p < 0.05), and AUC for glucose and lactate concentration showed a negative and significant correlation (r = –0.46; p < 0.0001). It appears that a combination of 9–12 repetitions per set and 3–4 sets per muscle group might be optimal for acute postprandial glucose control.


2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Tian Xie ◽  
Han H. Aung ◽  
Ji An Wu ◽  
A. S. Attele ◽  
Jongbae Park

In this study, we evaluated antihyperglycemic effects of American ginseng berry extract in diabetic ob/ob mice. Animals received daily intraperitoneal (IP) injections of the extract 150 mg/kg for 12 days. On days 5 and 12, the extract-treated ob/ob mice had significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to day 0 (both p < 0.05). Glucose tolerance improved significantly, which was shown by overall glucose excursion, calculated as area under the curve (AUC) during the two-hour IP glucose tolerance test. The AUC decreased by 31.8% on day 12 compared to day 0 (p < 0.01). In addition, after 12 days of the berry extract treatment, a significant reduction in body weight (p < 0.01 compared to day 0) and a significant increase in body temperature (p < 0.01 compared to day 0) was noticeable. Our results support in vivo antihyperglycemic and antiobese activity of American ginseng berry extract that may prove to be of clinical importance in the prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes.


2010 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirini Maratou ◽  
Dimitrios J Hadjidakis ◽  
Melpomeni Peppa ◽  
Maria Alevizaki ◽  
Katerina Tsegka ◽  
...  

ObjectiveAlthough clinical hyperthyroidism (HR) is associated with insulin resistance, the information on insulin action in subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHR) is limited.Design and methodsTo investigate this, we assessed the sensitivity of glucose metabolism to insulinin vivo(by an oral glucose tolerance test) andin vitro(by measuring insulin-stimulated rates of glucose transport in isolated monocytes) in 12 euthyroid subjects (EU), 16 patients with HR, and 10 patients with SHR.ResultsHR and SHR patients displayed higher postprandial glucose levels (area under the curve, AUC0–30032 190±1067 and 31 497±716 mg/dl min respectively) versus EU (27 119±1156 mg/dl min,P<0.05). HR but not SHR patients displayed higher postprandial insulin levels (AUC0–30011 020±985 and 9565±904 mU/l min respectively) compared with EU subjects (AUC0–3007588±743 mU/l min,P<0.05). Homeostasis model assessment index was increased in HR and SHR patients (2.81±0.3 and 2.43±0.38 respectively) compared with EU subjects (1.27±0.16,P<0.05), while Matsuda and Belfiore indices were decreased in HR (4.21±0.41 and 0.77±0.05 respectively,P<0.001) and SHR patients (4.47±0.33 and 0.85±0.05 respectively,P<0.05 versus EU (7.76±0.87 and 1 respectively). At 100 μU/ml insulin, i) GLUT3 levels on the monocyte plasma membrane were increased in HR (468.8±7 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI)) and SHR patients (522.2±25 MFI) compared with EU subjects (407±18 MFI,P<0.01 andP<0.05 respectively), ii) glucose transport rates in monocytes (increases from baseline) were decreased in HR patients (37.8±5%) versus EU subjects (61.26±10%,P<0.05).ConclusionsInsulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated monocytes of patients with HR was decreased compared with EU subjects. Insulin resistance was comparable in patients with both HR and SHR.


2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (13) ◽  
pp. 972-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Timmerman ◽  
Kevin Ballard ◽  
Gabrielle Volk ◽  
Michael Deal ◽  
Adam Meisler ◽  
...  

AbstractThis study determined if varying physical activity (PA) the day prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) differentially influenced postprandial glucose and insulin kinetics. Fifteen healthy, young adults participated in three OGTT trials the morning after performing 50% (LOW), 100% (HABITUAL), or 150% (HIGH) of their habitual PA (determined by 7-day pedometry). Trials were randomized and separated by at least 1-wk. For each OGTT trial, blood glucose and insulin were measured after an overnight fast and at 30-min intervals for 2 h following ingestion of the glucose beverage. Between-trial differences were analyzed using a general linear model with repeated measures. Subjects successfully achieved the desired percentage of habitual steps prior to each trial: LOW: 51±5%, HABITUAL: 99±6%, and HIGH: 149±9%. Fasting blood glucose and glucose total area under the curve (AUC) did not differ between trials. Serum insulin AUC was lower (p<0.05) following the HIGH (34,158±8,786 pmol·min·L−1) compared to the LOW (40,738±9,276 pmol·min·L−1) trial. No differences were observed when the LOW and HIGH trials were compared to HABITUAL. These data suggest that varying the PA level (from 50 to 150% of habitual PA) the day prior to an OGTT influences the insulin (but not blood glucose) response to an OGTT.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
Sierra-Puente D. ◽  
Abadi-Alfie S. ◽  
Arakanchi-Altaled K. ◽  
Bogard-Brondo M. ◽  
García-Lascurain M. ◽  
...  

Spices such as cinnamon (Cinnamomum Spp.) have been of interest due to their phytochemical composition that exert hypoglycemic effects with potential for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We summarize data from 27 manuscripts that include, one book chapter, 3 review articles, 10 randomized controlled trials, 4 systematic reviews with meta-analysis, and 9 preclinical studies. The most frequently used cinnamon variety was Cinnamomum cassia rather than the Cinnamomum zeylanicum, whereas outcomes were defined as fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and oral glucose tolerance test. A great variability in methodology such as different doses (from 120 mg to 6 g), duration of intervention, data retrieved and use of different concomitant medication, were found to be key aspects of most of trials and systematic reviews with meta-analysis available to date. Low quality studies have been made in most cases with a lot of heterogeneity clouding significance of results. More research needs to be done in order to yield accurate evidence for evidence-based recommendations. Its use is not currently a reliable nor advisable option for the treatment of T2DM.


2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinat Gabbay-Benziv ◽  
Lauren E. Doyle ◽  
Miriam Blitzer ◽  
Ahmet A. Baschat

AbstractTo predict gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or normoglycemic status using first trimester maternal characteristics.We used data from a prospective cohort study. First trimester maternal characteristics were compared between women with and without GDM. Association of these variables with sugar values at glucose challenge test (GCT) and subsequent GDM was tested to identify key parameters. A predictive algorithm for GDM was developed and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) statistics was used to derive the optimal risk score. We defined normoglycemic state, when GCT and all four sugar values at oral glucose tolerance test, whenever obtained, were normal. Using same statistical approach, we developed an algorithm to predict the normoglycemic state.Maternal age, race, prior GDM, first trimester BMI, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were all significantly associated with GDM. Age, BMI, and SBP were also associated with GCT values. The logistic regression analysis constructed equation and the calculated risk score yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 85%, 62%, 13.8%, and 98.3% for a cut-off value of 0.042, respectively (ROC-AUC – area under the curve 0.819, CI – confidence interval 0.769–0.868). The model constructed for normoglycemia prediction demonstrated lower performance (ROC-AUC 0.707, CI 0.668–0.746).GDM prediction can be achieved during the first trimester encounter by integration of maternal characteristics and basic measurements while normoglycemic status prediction is less effective.


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Sakaguchi ◽  
Kazuo Takeda ◽  
Mitsuo Maeda ◽  
Wataru Ogawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Sato ◽  
...  

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