X-IRRADIATION OF RIBOSE AND DEOXYRIBOSE DERIVATIVES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1553-1565
Author(s):  
D. K. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solution ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
In Cells

During X-irradiation of ribosides and deoxyribosides in dilute aqueous solution, purine and sugar moieties were destroyed at approximately the same rate. Pyrimidine moieties, on the other hand, were destroyed more rapidly, resulting in a fairly rapid liberation of free sugar during irradiation of pyrimidine ribosides or deoxyribosides. No marked differences in the rates of destruction of ribose and deoxyribose derivatives were observed in these experiments.Similar reactions were observed during irradiation of blood samples. However, acid-soluble ribonucleotides in the blood proved to be much more sensitive than the nucleic acids or proteins to destruction by X-radiation. The significance of these findings is discussed with relation to the damage produced in cells by X-irradiation.

X-IRRADIATION OF RIBOSE AND DEOXYRIBOSE DERIVATIVES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1553-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solution ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
In Cells

During X-irradiation of ribosides and deoxyribosides in dilute aqueous solution, purine and sugar moieties were destroyed at approximately the same rate. Pyrimidine moieties, on the other hand, were destroyed more rapidly, resulting in a fairly rapid liberation of free sugar during irradiation of pyrimidine ribosides or deoxyribosides. No marked differences in the rates of destruction of ribose and deoxyribose derivatives were observed in these experiments.Similar reactions were observed during irradiation of blood samples. However, acid-soluble ribonucleotides in the blood proved to be much more sensitive than the nucleic acids or proteins to destruction by X-radiation. The significance of these findings is discussed with relation to the damage produced in cells by X-irradiation.

Synthesis of ZrO2 Nanotubes by Anodization of Zr Foil

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Mary Donnabelle L. Balela ◽  
April Alexa S. Lagarde ◽  
Stephen Jann A. Tamayo ◽  
Nikko S. Villareal ◽  
Ann Marielle Parreno
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Scanning Electron

Zirconia (ZrO2) nanotubes were synthesized by anodization of zirconium (Zr) foil in NH4Fand (NH4)2SO4 aqueous solution. Different surface preparation methods (electropolishing and etching) were applied on the Zr foil prior to anodizaton. In addition, the anodization time and NH4F concentration were varied. The structure and morphologies of the nanotubes and their crystallinity were confirmed using scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffractometer, respectively. ZrO2 nanotubes with large diameters and thick walls were formed at lower NH4F concentration and longer anodization time. On the other hand, smaller nanotubes with thinner walls were produced when the NH4F concentration was increased. The synthesized nanotubes were predominantly tetragonal ZrO2 with small amounts of monoclinic ZrO2.

Interpretation of 25-OH-D3, NEFA, and calcium correlations among cow and calf pairs

2025 ◽  
Vol 77 (04) ◽  
pp. 6511-2025
Author(s):  
SONGUL ERDOGAN ◽  
KEREM URAL ◽  
HASAN ERDOGAN ◽  
DENIZ ALIC URAL ◽  
MEHMET GULTEKIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cow Calf

In the present study, the aim was to determine alteration of NEFA, calcium and vitamin D3 levels in cow and calf pairs at parturition as well as correlation between each parameter levels. For this purpose, a cow-side device employing the enzymatic colorimetric method was used for measurement of NEFA and calcium levels. On the other hand, serum 25(OH)D3 analysis was performed using the fluorescence immunochromatographic method at the laboratory in the Faculty. Blood samples were taken from Vena jugularis of 15 Simmental cow and calf pairs immediately after parturition and placed in serum and heparinized tubes. In cow and calf pairs, concentration of vitamin D3 (15.6-120 and 31.8-120 ng/mL, respectively), NEFA (0.12-1.2 and 0.09-0.8 mmol/L, respectively) and calcium (1.8 ± 0.9 and 2.2 ± 0.6 mmol/L, respectively) were determined. There was no significant correlation between NEFA, Ca, and vitamin D3 in cows and calf pairs. Taking into account several co-factors that influenced test results, which could not easily be excluded, further studies may be warranted with larger cow-calf pair populations. In conclusion, vitamin D3 concentration in calves is not affected by the negative energy balance of dams in the parturition period.

THE HYPOPHYSIAL CONTROL OF THE X-RAY STERILIZED OVARY

1958 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. INGRAM ◽  
ANITA M. MANDL
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
X Irradiation

SUMMARY Adult rats which had been previously sterilized by means of X-rays were hypophysectomized a fortnight after the onset of continuous vaginal cornification (which begins within 40 days of X-irradiation [Mandl & Zuckerman, 1956]). The animals, including non-irradiated hypophysectomized controls, were killed at periods of 5–70 days after hypophysectomy. Cornified cells disappeared from the vaginal smear of non-irradiated rats within 3, and of irradiated rats within 4 days after hypophysectomy. The ovaries involuted rapidly in both groups of animals. Stromal cells decreased in size and post-hypophysectomy 'deficiency cells' appeared. On the other hand, the rate of uterine involution was slower in the X-irradiated animals after hypophysectomy than in the non-irradiated hypophysectomized controls. This finding indicates that in the absence of the pituitary, the X-irradiated ovary can produce more oestrogen than a non-irradiated ovary, or that the oestrogen it produces is biologically more active. After treatment with gonadotrophin, the 'deficiency cells' in the ovaries of both groups of animals disappeared. The X-irradiated hypophysectomized animals responded to the gonadotrophin less vigorously (as judged by an increase in ovarian and uterine size) than did the hypophysectomized controls.

Octahedral cobalt(III) complexes of the chloropentammine type. XXI. The preparation, properties, and reactions of some Chloro(amine)bis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) salts containing unidentate glycinenitrile and glycinamide as influencing ligands

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Chan ◽  
FK Chan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Pure State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Base Hydrolysis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Kinetics Of

Salts of one isomeric series of chloro(amine)bis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(111) type of cations have been prepared from trans-dichlorobis(ethy1enediamine)-cobalt(111) chloride by replacing one of its chloro ligands with either glycinenitrile or glycinamide. These complexes have been assigned a cis-configuration on the basis of spectral observations. For the glycinenitrile system, the cis-chloro(cyano-methylamine)bis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(111) cation rearranges to the trans-chloro(aminoacetonitrile) isomer in aqueous solution at rates very much higher than those for the aquation of both forms. This isomerization is retarded by acid and accelerated by base. The kinetics of base hydrolysis are also reported. On the other hand, for the glycinamide system, the corresponding isomerization proceeds at rates comparable to those of chloride release, the latter leading to the formation of the chelated N,O-glycinamidebis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(111) species. Consequently, it has not been possible to isolate the other linkage isomer in the pure state. Furthermore, although the aquo(glycinamide)bis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(111) species is not formed in non-basic spontaneous chloride release, its hydroxo counterpart can be readily obtained by base hydrolysis. The mechanistic implications of these observations are discussed.

Heat capacities of monomer models of some hydrophilic polymers in an aqueous solution from 20° to 60 °C

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2692-2701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Biroš ◽  
Antonín Sikora ◽  
Antonín Živný ◽  
Julius Pouchlý
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Apparent Molar Heat Capacities ◽  
Apparent Heat Capacity ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solution ◽  
Specific Volumes ◽  
Good Agreement

The apparent molar heat capacities of propionic and isobutyric acids and of 2-hydroxyethyl pivalate and 2-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl pivalate in a dilute aqueous solution were determined with a DASM-1 m calorimeter. Moreover, the apparent specific volumes of these compounds in the aqueous solution and their molar heat capacities in the bulk liquid state were also determined. In the range 20° - 60 °C the apparent heat capacity in the aqueous solution is temperature-independent, or (in the case of propionic acid) increases slightly with temperature. The apparent heat capacities measured at 25 °C were compared with values estimated using various reported additivity schemes. Good agreement was observed for both acids; the other two compounds with more complicated molecules showed significant deviations from additivity.

Mechanism of Emesis Following X-Irradiation

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Wang ◽  
A. A. Renzi ◽  
H. I. Chinn
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Delayed Emesis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Trigger Zone ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Total Body

It was shown previously by Chinn and Wang that dogs exposed to 800 r total body irradiation vomited within 2 hours after completion of exposure. After chronic destruction of the chemoceptive emetic trigger zone, no dogs vomited within 2 hours of radiation. It was observed that these operated animals would vomit later throughout their period of survival. Visceral deafferentation alone (abdominal vagotomy and sympathectomy) did not prevent dogs from vomiting soon after irradiation or within several days. On the other hand, both acute and delayed emesis due to irradiation was not observed in dogs with chronic destruction of the chemoceptive trigger zone and abdominal visceral deafferentation. It appeared, therefore, that delayed vomiting following lethal total body irradiation was mediated through two mechanisms; the centrally located trigger zone, and the peripheral visceral afferent receptors of the vagus and sympathetic trunks.

Polydipsia and polyuria by the X-irradiated rat

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Kay ◽  
Cecil Entenman
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
Drinking Fluid

The results of partial-body x-irradiation experiments established the abdomen as the radiosensitive area involved in postirradiation polydipsia and polyuria. However, the responses do not appear to be due to the action of x-rays on any one organ in this region, since x-irradiation of individual exteriorized organs was only partially effective. On the other hand, shielding of the exteriorized kidneys or liver was effective in the prevention of postirradiation polyuria and polydipsia. Removal of the adrenal glands or spleen prior to x-irradiation did not prevent polydipsia or polyuria, whereas removal of the pancreas greatly diminished the extent of the polydipsia and polyuria and removal of the pituitary gland eliminated the responses. Anoxic anoxia during the time of x-irradiation did not prevent polyuria or polydipsia, but when isotonic sugar solutions were given as the drinking fluid polyuria and polydipsia did not occur.

Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism increase plasma irisin levels in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Atici ◽  
Rasim Mogulkoc ◽  
Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci ◽  
Esma Menevse
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Experimental Thyroid

AbstractBackgroundA recently discovered hormone, irisin is accepted to be significantly involved in the regulation of body weight. Thyroid functions may be, directly or indirectly, associated with irisin.AimThe aim of the present study is to determine the effect of experimental thyroid dysfunction on irisin levels in rats.MethodsThe study registered 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were allocated to groups as follows: 1. Control; 2. Hypothyroidism induced by injection of 10 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal propylthiouracil (PTU) for 3 weeks; 3. Hypothyroidism (PTU 2 weeks) + L-thyroxin (1.5 mg/kg/day for 1 week); 4. Hyperthyroidism induced in rats by 3-week thyroxin (0.3 mg/kg/day); 5. Hyperthyroidism + PTU. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected to quantify free triiodothyronine (FT3), free triiodothyronine (FT4) and irisin levels.ResultsFT3and FT4levels were reduced in hypothyroidism and were significantly elevated in hyperthyroidism (p < 0.001). Irisin values, on the other hand, were found to be elevated in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of the study suggest that irisin values increase in thyroid dysfunction, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, and that when hypothyroidism is corrected by thyroxin administration and hyperthyroidism by PTU injection, plasma irisin values go back to normal.

scholarly journals ZSM-5 Filled Polyether Block Amide Membranes for Separating EA from Aqueous Solution by Pervaporation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Gu ◽  
Xinran Zhang ◽  
Yunxiang Bai ◽  
Le Yang ◽  
Chunfang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Flux ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Similar Variation ◽  
Other Hand

ZSM-5 filled polyether block amide membranes (PEBA), PEBA/ZSM-5, were prepared and used to recover aroma, ethyl acetate (EA), from aqueous solution by pervaporation (PV). The membranes demonstrated high EA permselectivity, and with the increase of ZSM-5 loading, the separation factor increased initially and then decreased, while the total flux demonstrated the similar variation until the ZSM-5 loading was 10 wt%, at which it reached the lowest value. After that, it began to increase again. On the other hand, the separation factor, and total flux of the PEBA/ZSM-5 membrane containing 10 wt% ZSM-5, PEBA/ZSM-5-10, increased with the increase of feed concentration and temperature. The best PV performance, separation factor and total flux of PEBA/ZSM-5-10 membrane were 185.5 and 199.5 gm−2h−1, respectively, with feed concentration of 5 wt% EA at 50°C.

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