PREVIOUS DIETARY PROTEIN LEVEL AND SURVIVAL OF STARVING RATS IN THE COLD

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Beaton ◽  
T. Orme ◽  
A. Turner ◽  
J. Laufer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The effect of the level of dietary protein (5%, 20%, 40% casein by weight) fed for 7 days in an environmental temperature of 22 °C, upon the survival of rats subsequently starved in an environmental temperature of 2 °C was studied. In these experiments ad libitum feeding, isocaloric feeding, and restricted feeding techniques were used, and the effects of thyroidectomy and thyroid feeding were investigated. In all cases, animals provided with the 5% protein diet survived for shorter periods than did those fed the 20% protein diet. In intact rats, but not in thyroidectomized rats, survival time appeared to be inversely related to rate of body weight loss in starvation. Differences in duration of survival among dietary groups are not explicable on the basis of differences in body weight, body composition, or total food intake prior to starvation. The results of experiments using thyroidectomized rats and thyroid feeding suggest that the effect of dietary protein level upon survival in subsequent starvation in the cold are not mediated through the thyroid gland.

PREVIOUS DIETARY PROTEIN LEVEL AND SURVIVAL OF STARVING RATS IN THE COLD

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Beaton ◽  
T. Orme ◽  
A. Turner ◽  
J. Laufer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The effect of the level of dietary protein (5%, 20%, 40% casein by weight) fed for 7 days in an environmental temperature of 22 °C, upon the survival of rats subsequently starved in an environmental temperature of 2 °C was studied. In these experiments ad libitum feeding, isocaloric feeding, and restricted feeding techniques were used, and the effects of thyroidectomy and thyroid feeding were investigated. In all cases, animals provided with the 5% protein diet survived for shorter periods than did those fed the 20% protein diet. In intact rats, but not in thyroidectomized rats, survival time appeared to be inversely related to rate of body weight loss in starvation. Differences in duration of survival among dietary groups are not explicable on the basis of differences in body weight, body composition, or total food intake prior to starvation. The results of experiments using thyroidectomized rats and thyroid feeding suggest that the effect of dietary protein level upon survival in subsequent starvation in the cold are not mediated through the thyroid gland.

Effects of dietary protein level and energy intake from 50 to 120 kg on body weight, back fat thickness and body composition in gilts

2019 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Varmløse Strathe ◽  
Janni Hales ◽  
Pia Brandt ◽  
Thomas Sønderby Bruun ◽  
Charlotte Amdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Fat Thickness

PERFORMANCE, CARCASS COMPOSITION, AND FAT COMPOSITION OF BOARS, GILTS, AND BARROWS FED TWO LEVELS OF PROTEIN

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. NEWELL ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Dietary Protein Level

Forty-eight pigs, 16 each of boars, barrows, and gilts, were allotted at an average age of 41 days to two treatment groups based on dietary protein level, either 18% protein throughout or 16% protein in the growing period (start to 50 kg) and 13% protein in the finishing period (50–90 kg). Feed intake during the growing period was influenced by sex with boars eating less (P < 0.05) than barrows. No significant differences in feed intake were observed for the overall experiment but the trend established in the growing period still existed. In the overall experiment sex did not influence rate of gain, which averaged 0.72 kg/day. Higher dietary protein level improved (P < 0.01) gain in comparison with the lower levels. A significant interaction existed between sex and protein, boars responding more to high protein than barrows, and gilts being intermediate. Feed conversion was influenced (P < 0.05) by sex and protein level, boars being superior to barrows or gilts and pigs fed the higher protein diet (3.16 kg feed per kg gain) superior to those fed the lower protein diet (3.36 kg feed per kg gain). Barrows dressed 79.6% and gilts 79.3% both higher (P < 0.01) than boars, which dressed 75.9%. Boars had a grade index of 102.6 and gilts 101.4, both of which were higher (P < 0.01) than barrows with 97.9. Other carcass measurements generally ranked the sexes in order of superiority as boars, gilts, and barrows. Boar carcasses had more muscle and less fat (P < 0.01) than barrows, gilts being intermediate. Dietary protein level did not significantly influence carcass composition. Six muscles were analyzed for protein, fat, and ash. No significant differences between sexes were found, but higher protein level increased (P < 0.05) the percentage protein in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Fatty acid analyses of backfat showed no significant differences except in linoleic and linolenic acids, for which boars and gilts had higher percentages than barrows. Detectable sexual odor on cooking was judged to be present in 56% of boar carcasses. If procedures to eliminate sexual odor can be developed, boars offer promise as market animals, particularly if they are fed relatively high protein diets.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein level and thyroxine on vitamin A absorption and on plasma proteins in chicks

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nir ◽  
I. Ascarelli
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
Liver Storage

1. The effect of dietary protein level and supplementation with thyroxine on the liver storage of vitamin A, on the fraction of liver vitamin A in the alcohol form, and on the plasma levels of vitamin A and proteins has been studied in chicks.2. Liver storage was reduced by lowering the dietary protein level.3. Protein restriction lowered the percentage of vitamin A found in the liver as retinol.4. Thyroxine increased both vitamin A storage and the fraction of the total vitamin A as retinol, this effect being dependent on dietary protein level.5. Plasma vitamin A and plasma protein contents were lowered to a highly significant extent by protein restriction. This drop was essentially caused by reduction of the albumin fraction in chicks fed on a 5% protein diet and by a reduction of β- and γ-globulins in chicks fed on a 10% protein diet.6. Thyroxine supplementation of the diet lowered to a highly significant extent plasma protein content; this reduction was caused by a dramatic fall in the level of plasma albumin. The β- and γ-globulins were concomitantly increased.

Effects of Dietary Protein Level and Environmental Temperature on Performance and Carcass Quality of Growing-Finishing Swine

1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Seymour ◽  
V. C. Speer ◽  
V. W. Hays ◽  
D. W. Mangold ◽  
T. E. Hazen
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Dietary Protein Level

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY FAT AND PROTEIN LEVELS UPON THYROID ACTIVITY IN THE CHICK

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. March ◽  
Jacob Biely
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Fat Diets

The effects on thyroid activity of dietary protein level and of dietary fat level were studied. Diets containing 18 and 26% of protein were fed with and without 8% of supplementary fat. Thyroid weights and thyroidal uptake of I131 of chicks fed the diets were determined. The chicks fed the higher dietary protein level had consistently greater thyroid weights. The effect of supplementary fat on thyroid weight was variable. Total thyroidal uptake of I131 in chicks fed the fat-supplemented diets was greater when the diets contained 26% of protein. With the low-fat diets, protein level did not significantly affect uptake of I131. Supplementary fat decreased I131 uptake in chicks fed the low-protein diet and increased I131 uptake in chicks fed the high-protein diet. Thus, although it is evident that diet affects thyroid activity, conclusions regarding the effect of diet will depend upon the parameter used as a measure of thyroid activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Protein Level during Estrus Cycle: Nutrient Digestibility, Quality of Embryo and Pregnancy Rate by Embryo Transfer in Thai Crossbred Goats during Hot Season

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juggrid JUGSUMRIT ◽  
Chalermpon YUANGKLANG ◽  
Kraisit VASUPEN ◽  
Benya SAENMAHAYAK ◽  
Chantira WONGNEN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Hot Season

Tis study aimed to evaluate the embryo quality and embryo transfer rate of Thai crossbred goats fed different levels of protein in total mixed rations (TMR) during the hot season. Twenty-four non- pregnant Thai crossbred goats with an average body weight of 26±5.9 kg were assigned with a random complete block design (RCBD). Dietary treatments contained 8, 13, and 18 % crude protein (CP) in TMR. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days. Does (female goat) were scheduled to determine embryo quality by surgical laparotomy and flushing. At the end of the feeding trial, the digestion trial was conducted by the total collection method for a 5-day period. The results showed that the average total feed intake and feed conversion ratio did not differ among all treatments (p ˃ 0.05), however, digestible protein intake had increased from 70.39, 79.77 to 89.11 g/d in 8, 13, and 18 % CP group, respectively. Increasing CP levels in TMR resulted in linearly increased goat final body weight (30.25, 28.75, and 32.00 kg), weight gain (3.00, 4.00, and 4.25 kg), and average daily gain (ADG) (87.84, 114.87 and 121.63 g/d). Embryo quality (1, 1, and 3.5 morular follicle state) and pregnancy of embryo transfer rate (25, 25, and 50 %) of the animal received CP level at 8 and 13 % less than that 18 %. These results indicated that dietary protein level during program superovulation regimen affected the good quality of an embryo and the pregnancy rate in an embryo transfer in Thai crossbred goats.

Effects of dietary protein level and zinc oxide supplementation on performance responses and gastrointestinal tract characteristics in weaner pigs challenged with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Heo ◽  
J. C. Kim ◽  
C. F. Hansen ◽  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
D. J. Hampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Daily Gain

The interactive effects of dietary protein level, zinc oxide (ZnO) supplementation and infection with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli (ETEC) on performance responses and gastrointestinal tract characteristics were examined. Ninety-six individually housed, 21-day-old pigs (1 : 1 gender ratio) with initial bodyweight (BW) of 7.2 ± 0.69 kg, were used in a split plot experiment, with the whole plot being challenge or no challenge with ETEC and the dietary treatments used as subplots and arranged in a completely randomised 2 × 2 factorial design, with the factors being (i) two dietary protein levels (251 versus 192 g/kg crude protein) and (ii) addition or no addition of 2.5 g/kg ZnO. No antibiotic was added to the diet. The ETEC infection decreased average daily gain (P < 0.001) and increased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01). Protein level had no effect on performance of pigs while ZnO supplementation increased (P < 0.001) average daily gain and average daily feed intake and hence decreased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.001). There were no 2- or 3-way interactions for growth performance indices (P > 0.05). Feeding a lower protein diet did not influence (P > 0.05) faecal volatile fatty acid concentrations. In non-infected pigs, feeding a lower protein diet caused a lower pH in the jejunum and ileum compared with pigs fed a higher protein diet (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). However, feeding ZnO-supplemented diets increased (P < 0.05) the pH in the stomach and caecum compared with feeding diets without ZnO supplementation. Protein level did not alter (P > 0.05) empty BW but dietary supplementation with ZnO increased empty BW (P < 0.05). Neither protein level nor ZnO supplementation modified small intestinal morphology, although a tendency for an interaction (P < 0.1) was detected for jejunal villous height between protein level and ZnO supplementation. The results indicate that feeding ZnO-supplemented diets improved pig performance, and feeding a lower protein diet without ZnO supplementation did not compromise performance nor modify measures of gastrointestinal tract structure and function compared with pigs fed a diet higher in protein after weaning.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document