The Influence of Dietary Protein Level on Body Weight of Japanese Quail Lines Selected Under High- and Low-Protein Diets

1. The deposition of fat and protein and the utilization of energy by growing rats offered diets ad lib. or in controlled amounts by gastric intubation has been investigated. Diets contained 50, 75, 100 or 200 g protein/kg, mainly as caseinGain of body-weight and protein increased with increasing dietary protein concentration when animals received the same energy intake, although the reverse was true for fat deposition. However, the differences in live-weight gain were almost entirely due to changes in body water. The dry-matter content of the gain in animals given low-protein diets was 770 g/kg compared to 360 g/kg in those given the control diet2. Energy retention was unaffected by dietary protein level in groups given the same energy intake by gastric intubation. In Expt 1 daily heat production increased significantly (P < 0·05) with increasing protein level (50, 75 and 200 g protein/kg diet) when energy intake was constant, but in Expt 2 there was no significant effect of protein level (50, 100 and 200 g protein/kg diet). Problems arose in the selection of a suitable basis for comparison of heat production between groups because of the differences in body-weight and body composition3. The energy requirement for zero energy balance was approximately 10% lower for the low-protein groups than for those given the diet containing 200 g protein/kg when food intake was just above the maintenance level. When the requirement was expressed per unit metabolic body size (W0·75 kg) dietary protein level had no significant effect. The mean values for Expts 1 and 2 were 452 and 436 kJ respectively4. The energy cost of weight gain increased as dietary protein level decreased in pairs of groups gaining at the same rate. The extra energy ingested by the animals given the lower protein level was converted to body tissue with an efficiency of at least 0·705. Striking differences were observed in body composition and energy retention of the two pairs of groups used for the comparison of tube-feeding and ad lib. feeding. With the diet containing 50 g protein/kg, tube-fed rats gained significantly more weight (P < 0·01) and more fat, dry matter and energy (P < 0·001) than their ad lib. counterparts given an iso-energetic intake6. The results demonstrate that dietary protein level has little or no effect on the utilization of energy by growing rats when the pattern of intake is controlled by gastric intubation.

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Voluntary intake of low-protein diets by ruminants: II. Intake of food by sheep

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600019055 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 383-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

R. C. Elliott

Keyword(s):

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Level ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Latin Square ◽

Dietary Protein Level ◽

Low Protein ◽

Total Food ◽

Separate Treatment ◽

Voluntary Intake ◽

Protein Diets

1. A study was made of the voluntary intake of hay of low nutritive value by sheep when given four different amounts of concentrate foods (9, 18, 27 and 36 g/kg W0.73/day) each providing three levels of protein (1·3, 2·6 and 3·9 g DCP/kg W0.73/day). Hay alone was offered as a separate treatment. The trial was designed as an incomplete Latin square with thirteen treatments, thirteen sheep and four replicates.2. Voluntary intake of low-protein hay by sheep was invariably lowered when they were given increasing amounts of concentrates. Hay consumption was also affected by level of supplementary protein; intakes increasing sharply from the lowest level provided (1·3 g DCP/kg metabolic body weight) to maximal intakes when about 3 g DCP/kg W0.73 were given to the sheep.3. Total food and digestible energy (DE) intakes were similarly affected by changes in dietary protein level. Successive increments in concentrate allowances, except at the highest level of concentrate input, caused corresponding reductions in hay intake so that total food consumption remained similar (when protein level was kept constant). In consequence, DE intakes rose to maxima when approximately 30 g concentrate/kg W0.73/day were fed to the sheep.

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The Influence of Dietary Protein Level upon the Response of Mice Infected with Schistosoma mansoni to Treatment with Niridazole (Ambilhar)

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00006994 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 45 (2-3) ◽

pp. 117-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. M. Fadl

Keyword(s):

Drug Treatment ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Level ◽

High Protein ◽

Adequate Diet ◽

Dietary Protein Level ◽

Low Protein ◽

Protein Diets

1. The influence of diets having different protein values on the schistosomicidal effect of Ambilhar has been investigated in mice.2. Mice placed on these diets throughout the period of infection and then treated, reached differently. Low protein diets produced fewer and smaller worms which were more susceptible to the drug.3. Mice maintained on an adequate diet were shifted to diets of varying protein values a few days before treatment. In these, drug treatment was more satisfactory in animals fed the high protein regimen.4. Female worms were more affected by drug treatment than the males.

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Effect of dietary fish oil on n-3 fatty acid content of meat from broiler chickens fed low protein diets

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an12011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (9) ◽

pp. 799 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bahman Navidshad ◽

Liang Juan Boo ◽

Amir Akhlaghi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Level ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Dietary Protein Level ◽

Low Protein ◽

Dietary Fish ◽

Protein Diets

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary fish oil and crude protein (CP) levels on fatty acid composition of the thigh and breast tissues of broiler chickens. Four hundred and fifty, 1-day-old mixed-sex broiler chicks were used in a completely randomised design with factorial arrangement consisting of two dietary CP levels (21 v. 18.0% and 19 v. 17.1% for grower and finisher diets, respectively), and three levels of fish oil inclusion (0, 2 or 4%). Specific increases in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20 : 5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6) were observed in breast and thigh tissues as a response to increased fish oil supplementation. The n-6 : n-3 fatty acid ratio in breast and thigh meat samples decreased (P < 0.05) in birds fed low protein diets, but dietary protein level led to no alteration in the total n-3 fatty acids of the tissues (P > 0.05). Thigh tissue of chickens fed low protein diets had a higher concentration of DHA (P < 0.05), while the DHA and EPA concentrations in breast tissue were not affected by dietary protein level (P > 0.05). Results of the present study showed that fish oil can be used to fortify EPA and DHA levels in chicken meat and there is an interaction between dietary fatty acids and protein level on meat oxidative stability, and a reduction in dietary protein level may lead to a better oxidative stability of chicken meat.

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The effect of low protein diets on fat deposition in pigs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200019906 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 87-87

Author(s):

G. G. Stonehouse ◽

F. M. Whittington ◽

O. Doran ◽

A. H. Stewart ◽

M. J. Hazzledine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Level ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Dietary Protein Level ◽

Low Protein ◽

Nutritional Strategies ◽

Protein Diets

A main aim of modern pig production is to reduce nitrogen excretion to the environment, capturing more of the dietary protein in saleable meat. One way to achieve this is to reduce dietary protein level but this is likely to increase fat deposition, especially in late-developing fat depots. Meat quality will also be affected and these effects will all be influenced by breed type. This study compared three nutritional strategies differing in dietary protein provision in terms of their effects on growth and fat deposition.

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Scotopic Thresholds of Rhesus Monkeys at Different Grating Densities under Normal and Low-Protein Diets

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1981.53.2.467 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 467-471

Author(s):

Charles W. Hill ◽

Arthur J. Riopelle ◽

Alan R. King

Keyword(s):

Discrimination Learning ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Level ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Standard Stimulus ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Learning Situation ◽

Dietary Protein Level ◽

Low Protein ◽

Protein Diets

Scotopic thresholds of rhesus monkeys were determined over a range of luminance levels, from 1138 to 17.8 × 10−9 cd/cm2, and grating densities, from .132 to 1.58 lines per cm. The effects of a low-protein diet on these thresholds were also investigated, and standard stimulus objects within the discrimination learning situation were employed. Obtained thresholds decreased systematically from about 350 to 20 × 10−9 cd/cm, and there were no significant differences due to dietary protein level.

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Severe protein deficiency induces hepatic expression and systemic level of FGF21 but inhibits its hypothalamic expression in growing rats

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91274-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joanna Moro ◽

Catherine Chaumontet ◽

Patrick C. Even ◽

Anne Blais ◽

Julien Piedcoq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Deficiency ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Growing Rats ◽

Low Protein ◽

Protein Diets

AbstractTo study, in young growing rats, the consequences of different levels of dietary protein deficiency on food intake, body weight, body composition, and energy balance and to assess the role of FGF21 in the adaptation to a low protein diet. Thirty-six weanling rats were fed diets containing 3%, 5%, 8%, 12%, 15% and 20% protein for three weeks. Body weight, food intake, energy expenditure and metabolic parameters were followed throughout this period. The very low-protein diets (3% and 5%) induced a large decrease in body weight gain and an increase in energy intake relative to body mass. No gain in fat mass was observed because energy expenditure increased in proportion to energy intake. As expected, Fgf21 expression in the liver and plasma FGF21 increased with low-protein diets, but Fgf21 expression in the hypothalamus decreased. Under low protein diets (3% and 5%), the increase in liver Fgf21 and the decrease of Fgf21 in the hypothalamus induced an increase in energy expenditure and the decrease in the satiety signal responsible for hyperphagia. Our results highlight that when dietary protein decreases below 8%, the liver detects the low protein diet and responds by activating synthesis and secretion of FGF21 in order to activate an endocrine signal that induces metabolic adaptation. The hypothalamus, in comparison, responds to protein deficiency when dietary protein decreases below 5%.

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Effect of dietary protein level, initial body weight, and their interaction on the growth, feed utilization, and physiological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.10.027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 298 (3-4) ◽

pp. 267-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 136

Author(s):

Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab ◽

Mohammad H. Ahmad ◽

Yassir A.E. Khattab ◽

Adel M.E. Shalaby

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Level ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Feed Utilization ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Dietary Protein Level ◽

Physiological Alterations ◽

Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

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Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Bamei Pig Intestinal Colony Compositional Traits

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/2610431 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Dong Wang ◽

Guoshun Chen ◽

Lili Song ◽

Mingjie Chai ◽

Yongfeng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Level ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Microbial Flora ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Low Protein ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Protein Diets ◽

Crude Protein Level ◽

Microbial Diversities

Diets containing different crude protein levels (16%, 14%, and 12%) were created to feed Bamei pigs in order to study the effect of these compositions on intestinal colonies. Therefore, 27 healthy Bamei pigs of similar weight ( 20.99 kg ± 0.16 kg ) were selected and randomly divided into three groups for microbial diversity analysis. The results of this study show that microbial diversities and abundances in Bamei pig jejunum and caecum samples after feeding with different dietary protein levels were significantly different. Dietary crude protein level exerted no significant effect on the Shannon index for cecum microbes in these pigs, while Simpson, ACE, and Chao1 indices for group I were all significantly higher than those of either the control group or group II ( P < 0.05 ). Indeed, data show that microbial diversities and abundances in the 14% protein level group were higher than those in either the 16% or 12% groups. Dominant bacteria present in jejunum and cecum samples given low-protein diets were members of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Data show that as dietary crude protein level decreases, representatives of the microbial flora genus Lactobacillus in jejunum and cecum samples gradually increases. Values for the KEGG functional prediction of microbial flora at different dietary protein levels also show that genes of jejunum and cecum microorganisms were mainly enriched in the “metabolism” pathway and indicate that low protein diets increase intestinal metabolic activity. Therefore, we recommend that Bamei pig dietary protein levels are reduced 2% from their existing level of 16% crude protein. We also suggest that essential synthetic amino acids (AA) are added to optimize this ideal protein model as this will increase intestinal flora diversity in these pigs and enhance health. These changes will have a positive effect in promoting the healthy growth of Bamei pigs.

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PREVIOUS DIETARY PROTEIN LEVEL AND SURVIVAL OF STARVING RATS IN THE COLD

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y63-022 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 171-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John R. Beaton ◽

T. Orme ◽

A. Turner ◽

J. Laufer

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Level ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Dietary Protein Level ◽

Total Food Intake ◽

Total Food ◽

Ad Libitum Feeding

The effect of the level of dietary protein (5%, 20%, 40% casein by weight) fed for 7 days in an environmental temperature of 22 °C, upon the survival of rats subsequently starved in an environmental temperature of 2 °C was studied. In these experiments ad libitum feeding, isocaloric feeding, and restricted feeding techniques were used, and the effects of thyroidectomy and thyroid feeding were investigated. In all cases, animals provided with the 5% protein diet survived for shorter periods than did those fed the 20% protein diet. In intact rats, but not in thyroidectomized rats, survival time appeared to be inversely related to rate of body weight loss in starvation. Differences in duration of survival among dietary groups are not explicable on the basis of differences in body weight, body composition, or total food intake prior to starvation. The results of experiments using thyroidectomized rats and thyroid feeding suggest that the effect of dietary protein level upon survival in subsequent starvation in the cold are not mediated through the thyroid gland.

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