ADMINISTRATION OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE TO RATS DURING COLD EXPOSURE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1449-1453
Author(s):  
John R. Beaton ◽  
T. Orme ◽  
J. Laufer ◽  
A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Male, growing rats were injected daily with anterior pituitary growth hormone (3 mg/100 g body weight) and fed ad libitum for 7 days at environmental temperatures of 22 °C and 2–3 °C. Body weight gain, nitrogen retention, and four liver enzyme activities were measured. As observed previously, cold exposure retarded body weight gain and decreased nitrogen retention despite an increased food intake. These effects of cold were not eliminated by administration of growth hormone. The increased activities of liver arginase, alanine-glutamic transminase, and phosphate-activated glutaminase consequent upon cold exposure were not significantly affected by growth hormone although, at 22 °C, growth hormone decreased the activities of liver arginase and alanine-glutamic transaminase. Cold exposure eliminated the lowering effect of growth hormone on liver glutamic acid dehydrogenase activity observed at 22 °C. It is concluded that, under these conditions, growth hormone does not overcome the protein catabolic effects of cold exposure but rather, cold exposure eliminates the protein anabolic effects of the hormone.

ADMINISTRATION OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE TO RATS DURING COLD EXPOSURE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1449-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Beaton ◽  
T. Orme ◽  
J. Laufer ◽  
A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Male, growing rats were injected daily with anterior pituitary growth hormone (3 mg/100 g body weight) and fed ad libitum for 7 days at environmental temperatures of 22 °C and 2–3 °C. Body weight gain, nitrogen retention, and four liver enzyme activities were measured. As observed previously, cold exposure retarded body weight gain and decreased nitrogen retention despite an increased food intake. These effects of cold were not eliminated by administration of growth hormone. The increased activities of liver arginase, alanine-glutamic transminase, and phosphate-activated glutaminase consequent upon cold exposure were not significantly affected by growth hormone although, at 22 °C, growth hormone decreased the activities of liver arginase and alanine-glutamic transaminase. Cold exposure eliminated the lowering effect of growth hormone on liver glutamic acid dehydrogenase activity observed at 22 °C. It is concluded that, under these conditions, growth hormone does not overcome the protein catabolic effects of cold exposure but rather, cold exposure eliminates the protein anabolic effects of the hormone.

Stimulation of food intake and weight gain in mature female rats by bovine prolactin and bovine growth hormone

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (6) ◽  
pp. E986-E992 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Byatt ◽  
N. R. Staten ◽  
W. J. Salsgiver ◽  
J. G. Kostelc ◽  
R. J. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Moisture Percentage

Recombinant bovine prolactin (rbPRL) or bovine growth hormone (rbGH) was administered to mature female rats (10/treatment group) by daily subcutaneous injection for 10 days. Doses ranged from 7 to 5,000 micrograms/day (0.03-24 mg/kg body wt). Both rbPRL and rbGH increased body weight gain and food intake, but these parameters were increased at lower doses of rbPRL (7-63 micrograms/day) than rbGH (> 190 micrograms/day). Weight gain and food intake were maximally stimulated by 190 micrograms/day rbPRL, whereas maximal increased weight gain was obtained with the highest dose of rbGH (5,000 micrograms/day). Total carcass protein was increased by both hormones; however, protein as a percentage of body weight was unchanged. Similarly, neither rbPRL nor rbGH changed the percentage of carcass moisture. Percentage of body fat was increased by rbPRL but was decreased by rbGH. Weight of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys was increased by both hormones, but increases were in proportion to body weight gain. These data confirm that ungulate prolactin is a hyperphagic agent in the female rat. In addition, they suggest that, while prolactin stimulates growth in mature female rats, this growth is probably not via a somatogenic mechanism.

PROTEIN STORAGE OF PIGS IN THE ABSENCE OF BODY WEIGHT GAIN

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Protein Storage ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Balance Trials ◽  
Maximum Retention

Five- to six-month-old pigs were maintained at constant weight for 6-week periods on rations containing 16, 26 and 33 per cent protein. Results of 72 7-day nitrogen balance trials showed that pigs could retain up to 6.5 grams of nitrogen per day for 6 weeks. Highest nitrogen retention was obtained on the 26 and 33 per cent protein rations with little difference between the maximum retention figures at either level. A preliminary carbon-nitrogen balance indicated that there was little change in the fat stores of the pigs.

scholarly journals Development of obesity in transgenic rats with low circulating growth hormone levels: involvement of leptin resistance

2000 ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Furuhata ◽  
R Kagaya ◽  
K Hirabayashi ◽  
A Ikeda ◽  
KT Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Injection ◽  
Transgenic Rats

BACKGROUND: Human growth hormone (hGH) transgenic (TG) rats have been produced in our laboratory. These TG rats are characterized by low circulating hGH levels, virtually no endogenous rGH secretion, and massive obesity. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate how energy balance and leptin sensitivity contributed to the establishment of this obesity. DESIGN AND METHODS: Food intake, locomotor activity and leptin concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were measured in TG rats and their non-transgenic littermates (control). The effect of intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular injection of leptin on food intake and body weight gain was also examined. RESULTS: An increase in food intake and a decrease in locomotor activity were observed from 4 and 7 weeks of age, respectively, in the transgenic rats compared with control. Serum leptin concentrations of the transgenic rats were more than twice as high as those of control rats and were associated with an increased white adipose tissue mass and ob gene expression. Intraperitoneal injection of leptin significantly decreased food intake and body weight gain in control rats, but not in transgenic rats. Leptin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of transgenic rats was not different from that of control rats, and intracerebroventricular injection of leptin was similarly effective in reducing food intake and body weight gain as it was in control rats. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the transgenic rats, whose GH secretion is suppressed, develop obesity due to early onset of an increase in food intake and a decrease in locomotor activity with leptin resistance resulting from deteriorating leptin transport from peripheral blood to cerebrospinal fluid.

COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF SUCROSE AND CORNSTARCH IN LOW-PROTEIN DIETS FED TO RATS EXPOSED TO COLD

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
J. R. Beaton ◽  
J. F. Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Starch Diet

Young male rats were fed one of three low-protein (5% casein) diets differing in the source of carbohydrate (sucrose, equal parts sucrose and cornstarch, or cornstarch) or a 20% casein (sucrose) diet at environmental temperatures of 24 °C or 5 °C. Replacement of sucrose with starch appeared to have a small but significant effect in increasing body weight gain for 15 days (but not the next 28 days) at 24 °C and also in animals exposed to cold for 28 days after a 15-day feeding period at 24 °C. In disagreement with results reported by Andik et al., cold exposure, although significantly increasing body weight gain and food intake in rats fed the 5% casein – starch diet, did not elicit a weight gain as great as that observed in 20% casein-fed animals at either 24 °C or 5 °C. The 24-hour food intake following a 24-hour fast exceeded the intake on the day before fasting on all diets for animals maintained at 5 °C but not 24 °C. The immediate ([Formula: see text] hour) and 24-hour food intakes of rats at 5 °C exceeded those of comparable dietary groups at 24 °C. At 5 °C, the 24-hour food intake, following the fast, of rats fed the 5% casein – starch diet exceeded that of the 20% casein-fed controls.

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