Effects of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) on body condition and activity of free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin N Sacks ◽  
Karen M Blejwas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Average Body

We used radiotelemetry to study relationships among canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection, body condition, and activity of free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans). Average body mass at death was lower for 17 coyotes in a high-intensity infected group (mean = 33.6 heartworms) than for 18 coyotes in a control group (mean = 3.6 heartworms; p < 0.01). Coyotes in the infected group lost body mass at an average rate of 20% per year relative to the control group (p < 0.01). Bone marrow fat was negatively correlated with heartworm burden (R2 = 0.27; p < 0.01). Average body mass of coyotes at initial capture (i.e., potentially before infection) did not differ between infected and control groups (p = 0.90; 1–β = 0.70). Activity was negatively correlated with heartworm burden during the last 2 months of life (R2 = 0.30; p < 0.01), but no correlation was found 2–4 months before death. Activity of the infected group (n = 13) declined over time (p = 0.01), whereas no difference in activity was observed in the control group (n = 13; p = 0.50). Our findings indicate that heartworm infection reduced body condition and activity of coyotes but that nutritional status did not significantly affect susceptibility to infection.

scholarly journals Efficiency of zeolite basis preparation in fattening Lamb diets

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Jovan Stojkovic ◽  
Zlatan Sinovec ◽  
Milan Adamovic ◽  
Magdalena Tomasevic-Canovic ◽  
Aleksandra Dakovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
O 15 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Average Body

The paper presents results of investigations of the effect of a preparation based on natural zeolite on production results of fattening lambs. The experiment was performed on two groups of lamps (control ? K and experimental ? O), 15 animals per group, and for a duration of 90 days. The diet ration consisted of sheeps? milk, a compound mix for fattening lambs, and meadow hay. Lambs of the experimental group, contrary to those of the control group were administered preparations based on natural zeolite. The preparation Min-a-Zel? S (in the form of 25% suspension) was administered to lambs from birth until the 14th day of life, directly into the mouth, once daily (before the morning meal), 10 ml each. Min-a-Zel Plus was administered starting from the 15th day by adding it to the fodder mix (0.5%). Feeding was ad libitum. The average body mass of lambs at the end of the experiment, according to the sequence of treatments (K:O), was 24.40:26.94 kg (P<0.01). The daily groth of the lambs, during the course of the experiment, was 229:256 g, and was 27 g or 11.79% higher (P<0.01) in the experimental group. The experimental group had better utilization of dry matter, proteins and energy, which indicates that the use of a preparation based on natural zeolite in the diet of fattening lambs is justified.

scholarly journals Daily Energy Expenditures of Free-Ranging Common Loon (Gavia immer) Chicks

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Fournier ◽  
William H. Karasov ◽  
Michael W. Meyer ◽  
Kevin P. Kenow
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Gavia Immer ◽  
Common Loon ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Average Body

Abstract We measured the daily energy expenditure of free-living Common Loon (Gavia immer) chicks using doubly labeled water (DLW). Average body mass of chicks during the DLW measures were 425, 1,052, and 1,963 g for 10 day-old (n = 5), 21 day-old (n = 6), and 35 day-old (n = 6) chicks, respectively, and their mean daily energy expenditures (DEE) were 686 kJ day−1, 768 kJ day−1, and 1,935 kJ day−1, respectively. Variation in DEE was not due solely to variation in body mass, but age was also a significant factor independent of body mass. Energy deposited in new tissue was calculated from age-dependent tissue energy contents and measured gains in body mass, which were 51, 54, and 33 g day−1 from the youngest to oldest chicks. Metabolizable energy (the sum of DEE and tissue energy) was used to estimate feeding rates of loon chicks and their exposure to mercury in the fish they consume. We calculated that loon chicks in Wisconsin consumed between 162 and 383 g wet mass of fish per day (depending on age), corresponding to intakes of mercury of 16–192 μg day−1.

scholarly journals THE FIRST RESULTS OF A MINI-LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY USING THE FAST-TRACK PROTOCOL

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
A. V. Malinovsky ◽  
M. M. Galimon
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Results ◽  
Cosmetic Effect ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Average Body

Summary. The aim of the study is to analyze the first results of mini-laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute and chronic calculouscholecystitis using the fast-track protocol. The study included women aged 20 to 50 years with a body mass index of 18 to 35 kg/m2, whom the cosmetic effect of the operation was important, and quick rehabilitation times. The average age of the patients was 38 years (from 33 to 48 years). The average body mass index was 24.2 kg/m2 (from 19.0 to 30.1 kg/m2). The patient was divided into 2 groups. The main group consisted of 9 women who underwent mini-laparoscopic cholecystectomy, including 2 cases of acute calculouscholecystitis, with using the fast-track protocol. The control group consisted of 7 women who underwent the traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a standard protocol for post-operative management.

The demography of limb dominance, body-mass index, and metatarsus adductus deformity

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Montague ◽  
M Bovarnick ◽  
SC Effren ◽  
CC Southerland
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
South Florida ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Metatarsus Adductus ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Limb Dominance

To test the null hypothesis that limb dominance (laterality) and side of complaint are not associated in a diverse population, nearly 400 patients (40% male, 60% female) of varying age and body size from three South Florida podiatric medical teaching facilities were surveyed in 1995-1996. Radiographs of feet were available for 15% of the patients, and the metatarsus adductus angle was measured on each x-ray. The typical patient was a women (median age, 49 years) of average body weight and average body-mass index. No statistical association was found between laterality and side of complaint in the broader sample, although a significant association did appear in the subsample of patients with bilateral x-rays. The prevalence of metatarsus adductus deformity (metatarsus adductus angle &gt; 15 degrees) among patients with x-rays was 62%. No sex-specific, age-specific, or body size-specific associations were found between handedness and metatarsus adductus deformity.

scholarly journals Spinal and Shoulder Girdle Range of Motion in Elite Female Volleyball Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Arletta Hawrylak ◽  
Dorota Wojna ◽  
Krystyna Chromik
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Spine Mobility ◽  
Shoulder Complex ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Introduction. Doing asymmetric sports when one suffers from body asymmetry may cause body posture disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the spinal and shoulder complex mobility of professionally trained volleyball athletes compared to that of their peers who do not practise any sports. Material and methods. The study involved 60 participants divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 girls aged 14 years. The average height in the group was 176.37 ± 6.29 cm, and the average body mass was 64.53 ± 7.12 kg. Group 2 consisted of 30 girls aged 15.6 ± 1.12 years who did not practise any sports. The average body height in this group was 159.37 ± 3.33 cm, and the average body mass was 51.83 ± 4.03 kg. The dominant limb was defined on the basis of lateralization. The spinal range of motion was measured by means of a Saunders digital inclinometer, and the shoulder complex range of motion was examined using the goniometric method. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and Student’s t-test was applied in order to determine the differences between the two groups. Results. The differences in the values obtained in the two groups for the spinal range of motion in the sagittal plane were statistically significant only for the range of lumbar spine bending and extension. It was found that group 1 had a higher range of spine mobility in the frontal and transverse planes, and the differences were statistically significant in all the assessed ranges towards the dominant limb. An analysis of the shoulder girdle range of motion in the groups revealed that the differences were also statistically significant in all of the examined ranges. Conclusion. Professional volleyball practice can cause an increase in spine flexibility in most of its ranges, and the shoulder girdle range of motion in female volleyball players can exceed population norms, especially for the upper dominant limb.

Efficiency of uphill locomotion in nocturnal and diurnal lizards

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Farley ◽  
M Emshwiller
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Unit Distance ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Average Body

Nocturnal geckos can walk on level ground more economically than diurnal lizards. One hypothesis for why nocturnal geckos have a low cost of locomotion is that they can perform mechanical work during locomotion more efficiently than other lizards. To test this hypothesis, we compared the efficiency of the nocturnal gecko Coleonyx variegatus (average body mass 4.2 g) and the diurnal skink Eumeces skiltonianus (average body mass 4.8 g) when they performed vertical work during uphill locomotion. We measured the rate of oxygen consumption when each species walked on the level and up a 50 slope over a range of speeds. For Coleonyx variegatus, the energetic cost of traveling a unit distance (the minimum cost of transport, Cmin) increased from 1.5 to 2.7 ml O2 kg-1 m-1 between level and uphill locomotion. For Eumeces skiltonianus, Cmin increased from 2.5 to 4.7 ml O2 kg-1 m-1 between level and uphill locomotion. By taking the difference between Cmin for level and uphill locomotion, we found that the efficiency of performing vertical work during locomotion was 37 % for Coleonyx variegatus and 19 % for Eumeces skiltonianus. The similarity between the 1.9-fold difference in vertical efficiency and the 1.7-fold difference in the cost of transport on level ground is consistent with the hypothesis that nocturnal geckos have a lower cost of locomotion than other lizards because they can perform mechanical work during locomotion more efficiently.

Common Eider (Somateria Mollissima) Body Condition and Parasitic Load during a Mortality Event in the Baltic Proper

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svend-Erik Garbus ◽  
Peter Lyngs ◽  
Jens Peter Christensen ◽  
Kurt Buchmann ◽  
Igor Eulaers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
Baltic Proper ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Average Body

During late spring of 2007 and 2015, we observed unusually high mortality of Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) on Christiansø in the Baltic Proper. The number of dead birds (2007: 125; 2015: 110) composed 5–10% of the total colony. In 2015, we collected 15 (12 adult females, three subadult males) of the 110 recently deceased Common Eiders for detailed autopsy. The average body mass of the females was 1,040 g (920–1,160 g) which is ca 60% lower than what can be expected of healthy females during wintertime. Similarly, for the subadult males the average body mass of 1,203 g (1,070–1,300 g) comprised only 45% of what can be expected for healthy subadult males during winter. All 15 birds were thus severely emaciated and cachexic with general atrophy of muscles and internal organs. Hunger oedema, distended gall bladder, empty stomach, empty and dilated intestines and dilated cardiomyopathy were observed as well. In addition, all 15 Common Eiders were infected with high loads of the acanthocephalan parasite Polymorphus minutus. No gross morphological changes suggested toxicological, bacteriological or viral causes to the mortality. Taken together, our autopsy suggested starvation leading to secondary metabolic catabolism and eventually congestive heart failure. Five birds that were examined in 2007 showed the same symptoms. We suspect that the introduction of suboptimal feeding conditions in combination with a high parasite load over the last decade synergistically caused high physiological stress leading to population level effects manifested as high mortality.

Low prevalence of type 2 diabetes despite a high average body mass index in the aymara natives from chile

Nutrition ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Santos ◽  
Francisco Pérez-Bravo ◽  
Elena Carrasco ◽  
Marcelo Calvillán ◽  
Cecilia Albala
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Average Body Mass Index ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Average Body
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