Cytogenetics of the Holarctic black fly Simulium noelleri (Diptera: Simuliidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1972-1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H Adler ◽  
Eugenie A Kachvorian
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Standard Map ◽  
Species Groups

The polytene chromosomes of Simulium noelleri from 16 sites in Armenia, Canada, England, Germany, Russia, and Sweden were analyzed. A standard map is proposed for the S. noelleri species-group that is 11 fixed inversions removed from the original standard map of the subgenus Simulium. Based on one shared subterminal inversion in the IIIL arm, the S. noelleri species-group is in a trichotomy with the S. bezzi and S. ornatum species-groups. Reproductive isolation of S. noelleri and S. decorum is demonstrated chromosomally at sites where both occur together. All analyzed populations of S. noelleri are considered conservatively to represent a single species, although at least three cytotypes are recognized, based primarily on different sex-chromosome systems. Cytotype A, representing the type species of S. noelleri, occurs in Germany, England, and western Russia. Cytotype B occupies Sweden and western Canada, emphasizing the intimate connection between the northern Nearctic and Palearctic simuliid faunas. Cytotype C is known only from Armenia.

The polytene chromosomes of Simulium furculatum (Shewell) (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-530
Author(s):  
Fiona F. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sex Chromosome System

To test whether Simulium furculatum (Shewell) belongs to the Simulium vernum (Macquart) species-group, a comparison was made of the polytene chromosomes of S. furculatum and the S. vernum "Knebworth" standard. Only two chromosome arms (of six) could be completely analysed. It is argued that S. furculatum does not belong to the S. vernum species-group. A complex sex-chromosome system (X1, X2, Y1) is found in both eastern and western Canada. Phylogenetically, the single Y chromosome is intermediate between the two X chromosomes. Intraspecific inversion polymorphisms, which serve to differentiate eastern from western populations, are also identified. Only one sibling is indicated.Key words: black flies, Simulium furculatum, Simulium vernum, cytotaxonomy, polytene chromosomes, sex chromosomes.

Revision of the Metallactus kollari species-group with a new diagnosis of the genus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4413 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
DAVIDE SASSI
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Original Diagnosis ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
Good Resource

The genus Metallactus has been controversial since its introduction due to the ambiguous nature of the original diagnosis. This has caused some confusion in the taxonomy of Neotropical Pachybrachina. In this work the morphology of endophallus, which is useful for the characterization of species groups in several groups of Coleoptera, including Cryptocephalinae, has been analyzed. This has proven to be a good resource also in the taxonomic treatment of the species belonging to the genus Metallactus. After a careful survey on most of the species described so far, the endophallus shape in Metallactus turned out to be remarkably distinctive and very promising in the delimitation of species groups. The present work includes: a) a new diagnosis of the genus Metallactus on the basis of the aedeagal anatomy; b) the designation of the type species of the nominal genus; c) the revision of a first species-group of the genus, including the type species, hereinafter called Metallactus kollari species-group. Before this revision, catalogues had been reporting 13 species attributable to this group, in the present work three species have been synonymized and seven have been described as new to science. Therefore, the group includes 17 species. The species described as new are: Metallactus rileyi n. sp., M. bellatrix n. sp., M. longicornis n. sp.; M. londonpridei n. sp., M. regalini n. sp., M. bezoar n. sp., M. guarani n. sp. The new synonymies are as follows: Metallactus albipes Suffrian, 1866 (= M. nigrofasciatus Suffrian, 1866 n. syn.), M. albifrons Suffrian, 1866 (= M. flavofrontalis Jacoby, 1907 n. syn.), M. dodecastictus Suffrian, 1866 (= Griburius nigritarsis Jacoby, 1907 n. syn.). The lectotypes of all previously described species have been designated. The new synonymies, the name-bearing type fixations and designations and the nomenclatural acts have been critically discussed. An identification key for the species-group is also provided. 

Comparative morphology and species-groups of the oribatid mite genus Scapheremaeus (Acari: Oribatida: Cymbaeremaeidae), with new species from South Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2213 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. COLLOFF
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Semi Arid

The morphology of the genus Scapheremaeus Berlese, 1910 is reviewed and characters of taxonomic utility delineated. Based on the morphological review, some 13 species-groups are outlined based on major morphotypes. There are two main categories: i) species that have a complete circumdorsal scissure with plicate microsculpture on the circumnotogastral plate and strongly contrasting microsculpture (foveolae, ridges or tubercles) on the centrodorsal plate (plicate species-groups), and ii) species with the circumdorsal scissure complete, incomplete or absent but with little or no contrast in microsculpture between the central and lateral regions: typically both regions foveolate or reticulate (non- plicate species-groups). A catalogue of world species of Scapheremaeus is provided. Scapheremaeus petrophagus (Banks, 1906) is not a Scapheremaeus but belongs to an undetermined genus in the Ameronothroidea. Cymbaeremaeus cyclops Oudemans, 1915 is recombined to Scapheremaeus. Five new species are described (S. angusi sp. nov., S. cheloniella sp. nov., S. ewani sp. nov., S. lambieae sp. nov., and S. pulleni sp. nov.) from soil and litter habitats in semi-arid Mallee eucalypt vegetation at Bookmark Biosphere Reserve, South Australia. These are the first members of the genus Scapheremaeus to be described from Australia, though undescribed species have been recorded previously. All the new species are morphologically closely-related and belong to a single species-group: Carinatus.

Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the consocius species group of the Californian clade

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4965 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-436
Author(s):  
ROBB BENNETT ◽  
CLAUDIA COPLEY ◽  
DARREN COPLEY
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sierra Nevada Mountains ◽  
Moist Forest ◽  
Species Groups

Species of North American Cybaeus L. Koch (Araneae: RTA clade: Cybaeidae) are common moist-forest spiders classified in Holarctic and Californian clades. Here, in the third paper in a planned series reviewing the six Californian clade species groups, we review the species of the consocius group. We recognize nine species: Cybaeus consocius Chamberlin & Ivie, C. hesper Chamberlin & Ivie, C. hummeli Bennett spec. nov., C. opulentus spec. nov., C. pan Bennett spec. nov., C. penedentatus Bennett, C. simplex Roth, C. ubicki Bennett spec. nov., and C. vulpinus Bennett. Eight of these species have restricted distributions in the central Sierra Nevada Mountains of eastern California, U.S.A (C. opulentus, C. pan spec. nov., and C. vulpinus) or the central coast of western California (C. consocius, C. hesper, C. hummeli spec. nov., C. penedentatus, and C. ubicki spec. nov.); a single species (C. simplex), is relatively widely distributed in western Oregon, U.S.A. Descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, and an identification key are provided as well as a discussion of conservation issues of relevance to the group. 

A new subfamily, Cydnodromellinae, in the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Gamasina)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2811-2823 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Chant ◽  
E. Yoshida-Shaul
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Lateral Area

A new subfamily, Cydnodromellinae, is proposed in the family Phytoseiidae. Members of the subfamily are characterized by the unique chaetotaxy of the podoscutum, which has five pairs of setae (j3, z2, z4, s4, s6) on its lateral area, with seta z3 absent. There are two genera in this new subfamily. Platyseiella Muma is monotypic, represented by the type-species, P. platypilis (Chant). Cydnodromella Muma includes three species groups and six species: the negevi group (C. negevi (Swirski and Amitai) comb.nov.), the pilosus group (C. pilosus (Chant), type-species of the genus Cydnodromella), and the alveolaris group (C. alveolaris (De Leon) comb.nov., C. borinquensis (De Leon) comb.nov., C. sanictus (De Leon) comb.nov. and C. tunapunensis (De Leon) comb.nov.). Galendromimus Muma and Typhlodromus (Galendromimus) Muma sensu van der Merwe are designated as junior synonyms of the genus Cydnodromella and Cydnoseius cordiae Muma, Typhlodromus medanicus El Badry, and T. zaheri El Badry are designated as junior synonyms of C. negevi. Systematic concepts pertaining to the species in the two genera are reviewed, and descriptions of each genus, species group, and species are given. Keys to the adult females of the species groups in the genus Cydnodromella and to the species in the alveolaris group are provided.

Revision of the cluster-flies of the Pollenia venturii species-group, with a cladistic analysis of Palaearctic species of Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Rognes
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Internal Wall ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
First Time ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

AbstractWithin Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy a venturii species-group is defined and revised. It consists of a single species P. venturii Zumpt. P. solitaria Grunin is proposed as a junior synonym. It is characterized by unique features in the male aedeagus and the lateral sacs of the internal female reproductive organs. Male and female terminalia are illustrated, the latter for the first time. A preliminary cladistic analysis of all known Palaearctic species of Pollenia (except P. japonica Kano & Shinonaga) suggests that the sister-group of P. venturii is a clade consisting of the viatica + vagabunda + amentaria + haeretica species-groups. A sclerotized internal wall of the lateral sacs in the internal reproductive system of female Pollenia appears to be a parallelism developed independently in the venturii, rudis, most members of the tenuiforceps and some members of the semicinerea groups, rather than an underlying synapomorphy. P. venturii is known from France, Germany, Greece, Italy and Russia. A key is provided to species-groups in Pollenia.

Revision of selected North American and Eurasian Late Devonian (Frasnian) species of Cyrtospirifer and Regelia (Brachiopoda)

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueping Ma ◽  
Jed Day
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Shell Width ◽  
Species Groups

Study of the shell features of Givetian and Frasnian spiriferid brachiopods attributed to the genus Cyrtospirifer shows that the type species C. verneuili has micro-ornament consisting of fine concentric growth lines, radial capillae, with microspines arising from some capillae, spine bases appear to extend into the primary shell layer. Its dorsal interior features a pseudoseptum supporting the cardinalia. Micro-ornament of Cyrtospirifer varies widely and is a useful criterion for characterization of species of the genus. Most Frasnian species retained in the genus have micropustulate shells. Two late Givetian and Frasnian phylogenetic species groups of Cyrtospirifer are recognized based on similarities of shell form and external and internal shell features. Species of the verneuilisyringothyriformis group have transverse alate shells, and are the most abundant and widespread group in Frasnian deposits worldwide. The verneuiliformis group includes the oldest known species of Cyrtospirifer with narrow hinges and more inflated ventral valves where shell width is close to or equal to length. The oldest Cyrtospirifer originated in western Europe during the late Givetian, and subsequently migrated at different times during the Frasnian into other shelf areas of Eurasia, North America and China. The initial migration of Cyrtospirifer into tropical and subtropical shelf settings in North America coincided with the middle Frasnian eustatic sea level rise of Devonian Transgressive-Regressive (T-R) cycle IIc of Johnson and others. A second late Frasnian dispersal from western Canada to subtropical carbonate and clastic shelves in the southwestern and central U.S. coincided with the initial sea level rise of T-R cycle IId of Johnson and others. The Frasnian species Cyrtospirifer glaucus Crickmay, 1952a (middle Frasnian of western Canada) is the type species for Regelia Crickmay, 1952b, and is considered a valid genus, and is not a synonym of C. chemungensis (Conrad, 1842) as previously interpreted by some authors. Regelia differs from Cyrtospirifer in the absence of a delthyrial plate, complete in-filling of the delthyrial cavity by secondary shell material, its simpler rod-like teeth, and its fewer medial sinal shell plications. Species of Regelia are restricted to the middle to late Frasnian of North America.

scholarly journals Taxonomic review of the Tribe Melaenini (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with observations on morphological, ecological and chorological evolution

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1099 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE E. BALL ◽  
DANNY SHPELEY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Eastern Hemisphere ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
New Synonymy

A taxonomic review of the tribe Melaenini (sensu novo), this paper includes a classification, keys at all taxonomic levels, descriptions (tribe to species), re-rankings, and new synonymy. In total, two genera and 22 species (three of which are new) are treated. Arrangement of taxa is in the following sequence, with junior synonyms and type localities of new species in parentheses, following name of the taxon. The Eastern Hemisphere genus Melaenus Dejean, 1831 includes M. piger (Fabricius, 1801), and M. elegans Dejean, 1831 (with M. elongatus Chaudoir, 1843, as a new junior synonym), which exhibits marked dimorphism in East Africa. The genus Cymbionotum Baudi di Selve, 1864 includes 20 species, arranged in two subgenera, as follows. The Western Hemisphere Procoscinia, n. subg. (type species, C. fernandezi, n. sp. [Zambrano, Bolivar, Colombia]), includes the type species and C. negrei Perrault, 1994. The Eastern Hemisphere subgenus Cymbionotum (sensu stricto) includes 18 species in three species groups, and three superspecies. The basale species group includes two species: C. semirubricum (Reitter, 1914) (new junior synonyms Graniger aethiopicus Alluaud, 1923, C. minax Andrewes, 1935, and C. a. airense Basilewsky, 1950), and C. basale (Dejean, 1831). The semelederi species group includes three species: C. semelederi (Chaudoir, 1851) (new junior synonyms, Coscinia funerula Fairmaire, 1885, Cymbionotum luniferum Andrewes 1935, and Graniger houskai Jedli…ka, 1951), C. striatum Reitter, 1894, and C. mandli Jedli…ka, 1963.

Integrated systematics of the Simuliidae (Diptera): evolutionary relationships of the little-known Palearctic black fly Simulium acrotrichum

2011 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 612-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Adler ◽  
Yao Te Huang
Keyword(s):  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Banding Sequence ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Male Pupa

AbstractSimulium (Simulium) acrotrichum Rubtsov, a black fly from Central Asia, provides a platform for examining the evolutionary relationships of selected species groups in the subgenus Simulium Latreille. The female, male, pupa, and larva of S. acrotrichum are properly associated and morphologically redescribed and illustrated. The banding sequence of the larval polytene chromosomes is compared with that of the Simulium subgeneric standard, from which it differs by nearly 30 fixed rearrangements. Structural and chromosomal features indicate that S. acrotrichum is the sister species of S. flavidum Rubtsov. Simulium acrotrichum can be placed confidently in a group consisting of the S. malyschevi Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov, and Vlasenko and S. reptans (L.) groups, which are part of a larger clade that also includes the S. jenningsi Malloch group. This more inclusive clade is defined chromosomally by a minimum of four fixed inversions, compared with the standard map for the subgenus Simulium. All four inversions are uniquely derived relative to the two selected outgroups, Simulium (Psilozia) vittatum Zetterstedt and Simulium (Boophthora) erythrocephalum (De Geer). The independent monophyly of the S. malyschevi and S. reptans groups, however, cannot be tested without study of additional group members. The problems illustrated by the taxonomic identity and phylogenetic placement of S. acrotrichum argue for an integrated approach to simuliid systematics, drawing from the character stores of morphology, cytology, and molecular biology.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Steinera (Arctomiales, Arctomiaceae) in the subantarctic islands of Crozet and Kerguelen

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 324 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAMIEN ERTZ ◽  
ROAR S. POULSEN ◽  
MARYVONNE CHARRIER ◽  
ULRIK SØCHTING
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
Subantarctic Islands ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
High Level

The lichenized genus Steinera is revised for the archipelagos of Crozet and of Kerguelen, with a high level of endemism revealed. It is shown to represent a good example of convergent evolution between two different orders. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU, RPB1 and mtSSU sequences show that two different species groups can be recognized: Steinera s. str. belongs to the Arctomiaceae (Arctomiales) and is characterized notably by species having pluriseptate ascospores, and a second species group belongs to the Koerberiaceae (Peltigerales) and is characterized notably by simple ascospores sometimes having a plasma-bridge. The genus Henssenia is newly described to accommodate this latter group. The type species of Steinera is shown to have been erroneously treated in the past, with Steinera molybdoplaca being the type of Steinera and “S.” glaucella belonging to the genus Henssenia. A sorediate morph is recorded for S. molybdoplaca and the results confirmed using a 4-gene phylogeny, including nuITS sequences. Some species previously described in the genera Arctomia and Massalongia from the Southern Hemisphere are shown to belong to Steinera s. str. Five new species are described: Steinera isidiata Ertz & R.S. Poulsen, S. membranacea Ertz & R.S. Poulsen, S. lebouvieri Ertz, S. pannarioides Ertz & R.S. Poulsen and Henssenia subglaucella Ertz & R.S. Poulsen along with seven new combinations: Steinera intricata (Øvstedal) Ertz, S. latispora (Øvstedal) Ertz, S. olechiana (Alstrup & Søchting) Ertz & Søchting, S. subantarctica (Øvstedal) Ertz, Henssenia glaucella (Tuck.) Ertz, R.S. Poulsen & Søchting, H. radiata (P. James & Henssen) Ertz and H. werthii (Zahlbr.) Ertz, R.S. Poulsen & Søchting. An epitype is chosen for Henssenia glaucella and a neotype for H. werthii. “Steinera” symptychia has an isolated phylogenetic position in the Koerberiaceae and might represent a distinct, new genus. World-wide identification keys to the species of Henssenia and Steinera are provided.

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