Behavioural response of eastern wolves (Canis lycaon) to disturbance at homesites and its effects on pup survival

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Argue ◽  
K. J. Mills ◽  
B. R. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Pup Survival ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Canis Lycaon ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Provincial Park

Human disturbance at wolf dens and rendezvous sites (homesites) may have direct effects on pup survival and could result in the alteration of homesite-use characteristics. During a demographic study of eastern wolves ( Canis lycaon ) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, we entered active homesites to tag pups with VHF radio transmitters. Homesite attendance and pup survival data collected in 2003–2005 were used to determine (i) the immediate response of wolves to disturbance at homesites, (ii) whether distance moved between homesites was influenced by disturbance, (iii) if pup survival was compromised by researcher disturbance, and (iv) whether reuse in subsequent years differed between disturbed and undisturbed den sites. Packs tended to relocate pups after a disturbance, though we did not detect a difference in distances travelled between natural homesite shifts and those following disturbance. Disturbed homesites were reused in following years at a similar frequency as undisturbed homesites (6 of 15 vs. 8 of 22 homesites, respectively). Although postcapture mortality risk was slightly elevated for pups, we could not detect long-term effects of disturbance. This resilience to disturbance, and our documentation of effective techniques for radio-tagging young pups, demonstrate that research on wolf pup demography can be performed effectively without causing unacceptable negative impacts on wolf behaviour or mortality.

scholarly journals Nest-site competition and killing by invasive parakeets cause the decline of a threatened bat population

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 172477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dailos Hernández-Brito ◽  
Martina Carrete ◽  
Carlos Ibáñez ◽  
Javier Juste ◽  
José L. Tella
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Tree Cavities ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Site Competition

The identification of effects of invasive species is challenging owing to their multifaceted impacts on native biota. Negative impacts are most often reflected in individual fitness rather than in population dynamics of native species and are less expected in low-biodiversity habitats, such as urban environments. We report the long-term effects of invasive rose-ringed parakeets on the largest known population of a threatened bat species, the greater noctule, located in an urban park. Both species share preferences for the same tree cavities for breeding. While the number of parakeet nests increased by a factor of 20 in 14 years, the number of trees occupied by noctules declined by 81%. Parakeets occupied most cavities previously used by noctules, and spatial analyses showed that noctules tried to avoid cavities close to parakeets. Parakeets were highly aggressive towards noctules, trying to occupy their cavities, often resulting in noctule death. This led to a dramatic population decline, but also an unusual aggregation of the occupied trees, probably disrupting the complex social behaviour of this bat species. These results indicate a strong impact through site displacement and killing of competitors, and highlight the need for long-term research to identify unexpected impacts that would otherwise be overlooked.

Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor: A Surgically Curable Tumor of Young Patients with Intractable Partial Seizures

Neurosurgery ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Daumas-Duport ◽  
Bernd W. Scheithauer ◽  
Jean-Paul Chodkiewicz ◽  
Edward R. Laws ◽  
Claude Vedrenne
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Clinicopathological Features ◽  
Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Obvious Benefit

Abstract This report concerns the clinicopathological features of 39 cases of a morphologically unique and surgically curable group of neuroepithelial tumors associated with medically intractable partial complex seizures. All were supratentorial and characterized by intracortical location, multinodular architecture, and heterogeneity in cellular composition. The constituent cells included astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Because neuronal atypia was often inapparent, the tumors superficially resembled mixed oligoastrocytomas. The term “dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor” (DNT) is proposed for these distinctive lesions, the clinicopathological features of which suggest a dysembryoplastic origin. With the exception of the occurrence of headaches in 2 patients, partial complex seizures were the exclusive symptom. Age at onset of symptoms ranged from 1 to 19 years (mean 9 years). In addition to the chronic nature of the seizures (range, 2 to 18 years; mean, 9 years), one-third of the patients showed radiological features, such as focal cranial deformity, indicating that the tumors had an early onset and were of long standing. In most cases, computed tomography showed a “pseudocystic,” well-demarcated, low density appearance associated in some cases with focal contrast enhancement (18%) or calcific hyperdensity (23%). The tumor involved the temporal lobe in 24 patients (62%), the frontal lobe in 12 (31%), and the parietal and/or occipital lobe in 3 cases. Although tumor removal was considered incomplete or subtotal in 17 patients (44%), long term follow-up (range, 1 to 18 years; mean, 9 years) showed neither clinical nor radiological evidence of recurrence in any patient. Comparison of the survival data of the 13 subjects who had undergone postoperative radiotherapy with 26 who had not indicated that radiation therapy was of no obvious benefit. The identification of DNT has therapeutic and prognostic implications because aggressive therapy can be avoided, thus sparing these young patients the deleterious long term effects of radio- or chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Does classroom diversity improve intergroup relations? Short- and long-term effects of classroom diversity for cross-ethnic friendships and anti-immigrant attitudes in adolescence

2020 ◽  
pp. 136843022094159
Author(s):  
Andrea Bohman ◽  
Marta Miklikowska
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Classroom Effects ◽  
Classroom Diversity ◽  
Short And Long Term

This study examined short- and long-term effects of ethnic classroom diversity for intergroup relations in adolescence. Using a five-year panel of Swedish majority youth ( MageT1 = 13.40, MageT5 = 17.30), we found only limited direct effects of classroom diversity on anti-immigrant attitudes. However, classroom diversity increased the likelihood of cross-ethnic friendships, which in turn was associated with lower levels of anti-immigrant attitudes. Moreover, we found that the effect of classroom diversity on friendships remained also after adolescents transitioned to new schools. The findings highlight the importance of longitudinal analyses and contribute to a deeper understanding of how intergroup relations develop during adolescence. It brings new insights related to the longevity of classroom effects and to cross-ethnic friendships’ ability to mediate the diversity–attitudes relationship.

A review of the effects of different marking and tagging techniques on marine mammals

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Walker ◽  
Andrew W. Trites ◽  
Martin Haulena ◽  
Daniel M. Weary
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Published Research

Wildlife research often requires marking and tagging animals to collect data on survival, reproduction, movement, behaviour and physiology. Identification of individual marine mammals can be carried out using tags, brands, paint, dye, photogrammetry, telemetry and other techniques. An analysis of peer-reviewed articles published from January 1980 to April 2011 addressing the effects of marking revealed a preponderance of studies focussed on short-term effects such as injuries and behavioural changes. Some marking techniques were reported to cause pain and to change swimming and haul-out behaviour, maternal attendance, and duration of foraging trips. However, marking has typically not been found to affect survival. No published research has addressed other possible long-term effects of marking related to injuries or pain responses. Studies of the more immediate effects of marking (mostly related to externally attached devices such as radio-transmitters) have shown a variety of different types and magnitudes of responses. It is important to note that studies failing to find treament differences are less likely to be published, meaning that the present and any other reviews based on published literature may be a biased sample of all research conducted on the topic. Publishing results that found no or low impacts (i.e. best practices) as well as those that found significant impacts on animals should both be encouraged. Future research under more controlled conditions is required to document acute effects of marking, including injury and pain, and to better understand longer-term effects on health, reproduction and survival. We recommend that studies using marked animals standardise their reports, with added detail on methodology, monitoring and sampling design, and address practices used to minimise the impact of marking on marine mammals.

scholarly journals Assessment of long-term effects of basic slag in reclaiming acid sulfate soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Ferdous Ara ◽  
Md Harunor Rashid Khan ◽  
Ashrafun Nessa ◽  
Zakia Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Negative Impacts

A long term incubation study was carried out to ascertain the effects of basic slag on acid sulfate soil. Four treatment levels of basic slag (0, 30, 40 and 50 t/ha) were selected to find out their response on pH, EC, as well as on various water soluble and exchangeable cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg and Fe) with incubation period. In most of the cases, the results showed significant effects of basic slag on pH and cations. The highest pH and EC were recorded with the largest doses of basic slag at the final stage of incubation period. In addition, this research did not find any negative impacts concerning basic slag on the supplied soil and suggested that basic slag could be used on agricultural land. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v26i1-2.20225 Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 26(1-2): 1-9, December-2013

scholarly journals Trends in child labor and the impact on health in adulthood in Brazil from 1998 to 2008

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marislei Nishijima ◽  
André Portela Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Flávia Mori Sarti
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Entry ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

There is little evidence in Brazil on the impact of child labor on health status in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate trends in child labor in Brazil and estimate the long-term effects of child labor on the health of Brazilian adults, using nationally representative databases (Brazilian National Household Sample Survey) from three different years (1998, 2003, and 2008). The models were based on a two-stage linear equation and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results suggest that child labor has declined in Brazil, although the data still show patterns of early entry into the country’s labor market. Regardless of the type of work, child labor adversely affected health outcomes in adulthood, both directly (impacts on health outcomes) and indirectly (losses in educational attainment). Child labor places a long-term burden on Brazilians, jeopardizing the formation of human capital through negative impacts on health outcomes in adulthood.

scholarly journals Maternal transfer of antibodies in vertebrates: trans-generational effects on offspring immunity

2008 ◽  
Vol 364 (1513) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Hasselquist ◽  
Jan-Åke Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Maternal Transfer ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Offspring Fitness ◽  
Generational Effects ◽  
Offspring Growth

Maternal effects by which females provide their offspring with non-genetic factors such as hormones, nutrients and antibodies can have an important impact on offspring fitness. In vertebrates, maternal antibodies (matAb) are transferred from the mother, via the placenta, egg yolk or milk during lactation to offspring until they are 2 weeks (birds), 4–10 weeks (rodents) and 9 months (humans) old, respectively. matAb transfer can have direct effects on offspring growth rate in birds and rodents, probably by passively protecting the newborn from common pathogens before their endogenous immune system has matured. Indirect long-term effects of matAb transfer on the offspring's own immunity can be synergistic, if matAb act as antigen templates of the accumulated immunological experience of the mother and educate the newborn's immune system. However, it may also be suppressive if matAb reduce antigen presentation to the newborn resulting in antigen-specific blocking of offspring endogenous immunity. Our aim is to review the mechanisms and direct effects of matAb transfer in vertebrates with an emphasis on birds, outline a framework for research on the long-term effects of matAb on the endogenous immune system of the mature offspring and encourage ecological and evolutionary studies of matAb transfer in non-domesticated animals.

scholarly journals The ghost of disturbance past: long-term effects of pulse disturbances on community biomass and composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1930) ◽  
pp. 20200678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Jacquet ◽  
Florian Altermatt
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Disturbance Regimes ◽  
Community Biomass ◽  
Disturbance Frequency ◽  
Disturbance Intensity ◽  
Negative Impacts

Current global change is associated with an increase in disturbance frequency and intensity, with the potential to trigger population collapses and to cause permanent transitions to new ecosystem states. However, our understanding of ecosystem responses to disturbances is still incomplete. Specifically, there is a mismatch between the diversity of disturbance regimes experienced by ecosystems and the one-dimensional description of disturbances used in most studies on ecological stability. To fill this gap, we conducted a full factorial experiment on microbial communities, where we varied the frequency and intensity of disturbances affecting species mortality, resulting in 20 different disturbance regimes. We explored the direct and long-term effects of these disturbance regimes on community biomass. While most communities were able to recover biomass and composition states similar to undisturbed controls after a halt of the disturbances, we identified some disturbance thresholds that had long-lasting legacies on communities. Using a model based on logistic growth, we identified qualitatively the sets of disturbance frequency and intensity that had equivalent long-term negative impacts on experimental communities. Our results show that an increase in disturbance intensity is a bigger threat for biodiversity and biomass recovery than the occurrence of more frequent but less intense disturbances.

A comparison of external and internal attachments of radio transmitters on adult crested newts Triturus cristatus

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Berg ◽  
Jon Arnemo ◽  
Jon Skei ◽  
Morten Kraabøl ◽  
Børre Dervo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Triturus Cristatus ◽  
Crested Newt ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractTelemetry studies of newt species demand small transmitters. Two types of external attachments (sutured to epidermis and backpack) and traditional implanting in the peritoneal cavity were tested between groups of 5 adult individuals of the crested newt Triturus cristatus (mass 6-15 g) held in terrariums under controlled environmental conditions. The newts were anaesthetized with 1.5 g l–1 MS222, delivered in water and buffered to pH 6.9 by Na2CO2. Surgical plane of anaesthesia was achieved after 5-12 minutes and lasted for 30-60 minutes. External tagging proved unsuitable because transmitters became entangled in vegetation, and all animals shed their transmitters shortly after tagging, except for one that died. Transmitters that were surgically implanted in the peritoneal cavity were more successful. By the fourth day following surgery, the animals that had undergone surgery behaved similarly to control animals with respect to the use of cover. Two of the newts died, however, without showing any signs of illness in advance, and the cause of death could not be established. Based on the present experiments and published studies, implantable transmitters appear to be the best method for radiotagging small and medium sized urodele species such as T. cristatus, to gain crucial information on spatio-temporal terrestrial activity patterns, habitat utilization and hibernation sites. Additional research is needed to evaluate both short and long term effects on activity, behaviour and survival.

scholarly journals Ictal and Interictal Cardiac Manifestations in Epilepsy. A Review of Their Relation With an Altered Central Control of Autonomic Functions and With the Risk of SUDEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Mazzola ◽  
Sylvain Rheims
Keyword(s):  
Heart Function ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Cardiac Pathology ◽  
Cardiac Manifestations

There is a complex interrelation between epilepsy and cardiac pathology, with both acute and long-term effects of seizures on the regulation of the cardiac rhythm and on the heart functioning. A specific issue is the potential relation between these cardiac manifestations and the risk of Sudden and Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP), with unclear respective role of centrally-control ictal changes, long-term epilepsy-related dysregulation of the neurovegetative control and direct effects on the heart function. In the present review, we detailed available data about ictal cardiac changes, along with interictal cardiac manifestations associated with long-term functional and structural alterations of the heart. Pathophysiological mechanisms of these cardiac changes are discussed, with a specific focus on central mechanisms and the investigation of a possible deregulation of the central control of autonomic functions in addition to the role of catecholamine and hypoxemia on heart.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document