Ultrastructure of the tegument and penetration glands of developing procercoids of Haplobothrium globuliforme Cooper, 1914 (Cestoda: Haplobothrioidea)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1470-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. MacKinnon ◽  
Leokadia Jarecka ◽  
Michael D. B. Burt

Developing procercoids of Haplobothrium globuliforme were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Procercoids require 12–20 days, at approximately 20 °C, to develop to the infective stage. Six-day-old procercoids have a microvillar tegument and numerous undifferentiated subtegumental cells. In 9-day-old procercoids the cercomer is visible as a distinct appendage at the posterior end. Developing microtriches are evident on the tegument of the larval body. These are long and slender, and bear small electron-dense tips. No degenerating microvilli were evident and the microtriches were never seen emerging de novo from the tegument. Fully developed procercoids, 15 days postinfection, have both robust and slender microtriches at the anterior end of the larva, and only long slender microtriches over the remainder of the body. The cercomer retains a microvillar tegument until the larva is fully developed, at which time the tegumental projections on the anterior-most part of the cercomer bear small electron-dense tips. Penetration glands in the anterior part of the larva contain electron-dense secretory granules. The penetration gland ducts, which extend to the tegument, are lined with microtubules.

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2434-2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. MacKinnon

Catatropis verrucosa (Froelich 1789) Odhner 1905 and Paramonostomum alveatum (Mehlis in Creplin, 1846) Lühe 1909 were examined using light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The ventral ridge, papillae, and body margins of C. verrucosa contained numerous pyriform cells packed with mitochondria. Paramonostomum alveatum has no ventral projections and no pyriform cells full of mitochondria were seen within the worms. Both species contained numerous large electron-dense inclusions in various tissues throughout the body. Histochemistry indicated that these inclusions were lipid or lipoprotein, but their function is unknown. Protein, including haemoglobin, and lipid were identified within the pyriform cells of C. alveatum. Paramonostomum is the only genus within the Notocotylinae examined to date that has no ventral projections nor any internal aggregation of cells packed with mitochondria.


2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (33) ◽  
pp. 13266-13271 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Sharp ◽  
M. Bruning ◽  
J. Mantell ◽  
R. B. Sessions ◽  
A. R. Thomson ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 977-979
Author(s):  
Svetlana G. Yashchenko ◽  
S. Yu. Rybalko

Pineal gland is one of the most important components of homeostasis - the supporting system of the body. It participates in the launch of stress responses, restriction of their development, prevention of adverse effects on the body. There was proved an impact of electromagnetic radiation on the epiphysis. However, morphological changes in the epiphysis under exposure to electromagnetic radiation of modern communication devices are studied not sufficiently. For the time present the population is daily exposed to electromagnetic radiation, including local irradiation on the brain. These date determined the task of this research - the study of the structure of rat pineal gland under the exposure to electromagnetic radiation from personal computers and mobile phones. These date determined the task of this research - the study of the structure of rat pineal gland under the exposure to electromagnetic radiation from personal computers and mobile phones. Performed transmission electron microscopy revealed signs of degeneration of dark and light pinealocytes. These signs were manifested in the development of a complex of general and specific morphological changes. There was revealed the appearance of signs of aging and depletion transmission electron microscopy both in light and dark pinealocytes. These signs were manifested in the accumulation of lipofuscin granules and electron-dense "brain sand", the disappearance of nucleoli, cytoplasm vacuolization and mitochondrial cristae enlightenment.


2018 ◽  
pp. 5-11

Estudio comparativo de la síntesis de nanopartículas de magnetita monodispersas J.J. Atoche Medrano, J. A. Huamani Coaquira Universidad de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília - CEP 70910-900 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2015.0001/ Resumen Actualmente el tipo de nanopartículas magnéticas más estudiados son los de estructura cúbica, espinela inversa, porque estos materiales presentan características de gran interés y sus posibles aplicaciones ya que facilitan la construcción de sistemas más complejos. Debemos considerar que debido a la presencia de metales de transición en la superficie de las nanopartículas es que se dan las condiciones para poder funcionalizarlas con otras moléculas a través de grupos funcionales complejos obteniendo materiales con características polares o apolares, dependiendo del tipo de aplicación que se desee utilizar. Teniendo en consideración que cuando se trabaja con sistemas biológicos las nanopartículas son detectadas por el sistema retículo endotelial (SRE), que a través de los macrófagos son los encargados de eliminar algún cuerpo extraño inerte que pudiera estar en el organismo. De esta manera, existe una necesidad de funcionalizar las nanopartículas obtenidas antes de ser administradas en el organismo para evitar ser reconocidas por el SRE. Esta funcionalización es responsable por evitar la aglomeración de las mismas permitiendo que ellas permanezcan en suspensión estable (coloides magnéticos) que pueden ser conducidos a través de campos magnéticos externos. En este trabajo, nosotros mostramos detalladamente los resultados obtenido en la mejora de la ruta de síntesis de un sistema de nano partículas en forma de ferrofluido de magnetita (Fe3O4) utilizando el método de descomposición térmica y comparamos nuestros resultados respecto a otra ruta de síntesis para sistema nano particulados llamado método de co-precipitación química. Para poder medir el tamaño, así como conocer las propiedades morfológicas y estructurales de las nanopartículas se procedió a la caracterización de nanopartículas obtenidas por los métodos de descomposición térmica y co-precipitación química a través de microscopia electrónica de transmisión (MET). Se encontró una distribución de tamaños con un promedio de 8 nm y polidispersión de 0.14. Estos resultados fueron corroborados por los resultados obtenidos mediante análisis de patrones de difracción de rayos X. La estabilidad del ferrofluido obtenido fue medida usando la técnica conocida como DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), donde fue encontrado un valor de 42.8 mV, que está dentro del valor esperado para un sistema estable, considerando que para un sistema nanopartículado el valor de Zetasiser arriba de 30 mV representa una estabilidad de la suspensión acuosa. Al final de las medidas de caracterización se realizó la medida del valor del potencial de hidrógeno (pH) mediante un pH-metro, para estudiar la biocompatibilidad que presenta nuestra muestra de ferrofluido ya que nuestro interés es que este ferrofluido pueda ser usado como vehículo para direccionar principios activos o fármacos sobre una región específica en el organismo. Así después de realizada la medición fue encontrado un valor del pH de 7.23 lo que evidencia un sistema biocompatible para posibles aplicaciones biológicas. Descriptores: Descomposición térmica, co-precipitación, ferrofluido, nanopartículas, microscopia electrónica de transmisión. Abstract Currently the most studied type of magnetic nanoparticles are of cubic structure, inverse spinel, because these materials have very interesting features and possible applications since they facilitate building more complex systems. We must consider that due to the presence of transition metal on the surface of nanoparticles is that the conditions for funcionalizarlas with other molecules through complex functional groups obtaining materials with polar or apolar characteristics, depending on the type of implementation that want to use. Considering that when working with biological systems nanoparticles are detected by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). This functionalization is responsible for preventing agglomeration there of allowing them to remain in stable suspension (magnetic colloids) that can be driven by external magnetic fields. In this work, we show in detail the results obtained in improving the synthesis route system in the form of nanoparticles ferrofluid magnetite (Fe3O4) using the method of thermal decomposition and compare our results with respect to another synthesis route to nano particulate system method called chemical coprecipitation. To measure the size as well as knowing the morphological and structural properties of nanoparticles proceeded to the characterization of nanoparticles obtained by the methods of thermal decomposition and chemical co-precipitation through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Size distribution averaging 8 nm and polydispersity of 0.14 was found. These results were corroborated by the results obtained by analyzing patterns of X-ray diffraction. The stability of the ferrofluid obtained was measured using the technique known as DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), where it was found a value of 42.8 mV, which is within the expected value for a stable system, whereas for a nanoparticle system Zetasiser value above 30 mV represents a stability of the aqueous suspensión. At the end of characterization measures the extent of the value of the potential of hydrogen (pH) was performed using a pH meter, to study our sample having biocompatibility ferrofluid as our interest is that the ferrofluid could be used as vehicle for active ingredients or drugs addressing to a specific region in the body. And after completion of the measurement it was found a pH of 7.23 which shows a biocompatible system to possible biological applications. Keywords: Thermal decomposition, co-precipitation, ferrofluid, nanoparticles, transmission electron microscopy.


1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
David C. Bell ◽  
Lenore C. Rainey ◽  
John B. Vander Sande

Every time we take a breath, we are inhaling the results of twentieth century combustion technology. Combustion processes generally produce a multitude of soot and other sub micron sized particulates. The human lungs, via the process of cilia movement expel most of these particles; others are broken down with the aid of macrophage agents. These macrophages absorb particles and incorporate the constitute elements into our bodies. These elements maybe expelled, or they may remain in the body and accumulate over time, as is the case with certain heavy metals. Limited prior research on ‘single-particle’ interaction with lung or bronchial tissue has been conducted. Related research has focused on the statistical significance of soot inhalation on the lung tissue of rodents and primates [1]. Using the methods of single particle examination, founded by previous research into single particle source allocation [2], the examination particles of from human lung and bronchial tissues was performed.Research on the particle characterization shown here is based on the application of an innovative method developed at MIT, which utilized high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).


1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. F649-F659
Author(s):  
R. M. Carey ◽  
K. M. Geary ◽  
M. K. Hunt ◽  
S. P. Ramos ◽  
M. S. Forbes ◽  
...  

Successful application of the reverse hemolytic plaque assay was developed to identify individual renocortical cells that secrete renin directly. The plaque assay was validated by a number of established criteria. Using this technique, we demonstrate an increase in renin secretion with beta-adrenergic stimulation and an inhibition of renin secretion with extracellular calcium in groups of renin-secreting cells. Transmission electron microscopy of the cell in the center of a hemolytic plaque demonstrated a modified vascular smooth muscle cell with densely packed secretory granules. Electron microscopy immunocytochemistry demonstrated the presence of renin in the secretory granules, confirming the identity of the cell as a renal juxtaglomerular cell. The technology developed here has allowed the precise identification and study of the individual renin-secreting juxtaglomerular cell.


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 676-683
Author(s):  
Yuzhou Fan ◽  
Djordje Antonijević ◽  
Xing Zhong ◽  
Vladimir S. Komlev ◽  
Zhiyu Li ◽  
...  

AbstractThe detailed kinetics study of erythrocyte deformability is useful for the early diagnosis of blood diseases and for monitoring the blood rheology. Present solutions for a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of erythrocytes has a limited potential. This study aimed to use erythrocyte transmission electron images (ETIs) to evaluate the morphological relationship between adjacent ETIs and generate erythrocytes 3D model. First, ultrathin serial sections of skeletal muscle tissue were obtained using an ultramicrotome. Further, the set of ETIs in a capillary were captured by transmission electron microscopy. The images were aligned by translations and rotations using custom software to optimize the morphological relationship between adjacent ETIs. These coordinate transformations exploit the unique principal axis of inertia of each image to define the body coordinate system and hence provide the means to accurately reconnect the adjacent ETIs. The sum of the distances between the corresponding points on the boundary of adjacent ETIs was minimized and, further, was optimized by using physiological relationship between the adjacent ETIs. The analysis allowed to define precise virtual relationship between the adjacent erythrocytes. Finally, extracted erythrocytes’ cross-section images allowed to generate 3D model of the erythrocytes.


1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1170-1171
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Hara ◽  
Graciela Meza ◽  
Barbara Bohne ◽  
Jun Hara ◽  
César D. Fermin

Chronic streptomycin (STP) administration to young rats for 49 consecutive days intramuscularly affected the rats equilibrium, and balance. Behavioral measures indicated motor-related impairment and rats inability to swim correctly or upright themselves when dunk in a water tank. Moreover, the affected rats failed to walk straight on a inclined platform. Upon termination of the STP administration, motor-related functions returned to pre-administration levels in some animals (recovered group), but not in others (un-recovered group) suggesting that organs involved in maintenance of equilibrium and balance of the body were affected, but later recuperated. The inner ear of both groups and sham controls were processed for histology and transmission electron microscopy and examined.Twenty day old male Long Evans rats were injected daily in alternating hindlimbs with 400mg/Kg body weight STP. Control rats were injected physiological saline, up to 57 days when they began the recovery period of 8-12 weeks without further injections.


1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1062-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. MacKinnon ◽  
Michael D. B. Burt

The mature cysticercoid of Ophryocotyle insignis, from Patella vulgata, was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Eight different types of microtriches were present over the tegument of the larval body and microvilli covered the caudal bladder, or cercomer. Rounded, modified microtriches were present on the external surface of the bladder enclosing the cysticercoid. Microtriches lining the retraction chamber ranged from small triangular projections having an electron-dense ridge along the anterior margin but having no shaft, to more typically shaped, larger microtriches having a cytoplasmic base, electron-dense shaft, and an electron-dense ridge along the anterior margin of the base. The scolex tegument had large robust microtriches which, in transverse section, had many projecting flanges. The microtriches on the rostellum were long and slender. Long, thin microtriches were present amongst the small spines on the suckers and short microtriches were found on the unspined areas of the suckers. Possible functions for the different types of microtriches are suggested and the significance of microvilli on the cercomer is discussed.


1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 961-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. C. Carpenter ◽  
J. J. Dubowski ◽  
D. F. Williams

Transmission electron microscopy with an analytical X-ray system has been used to investigate Cd3As2 films prepared by pulsed-laser evaporation. The films were deposited on amorphous substrates at ~ 120 °C. They consisted mainly of a fine polycrystalline array. The crystal structure was identified as the body-centered tetragonal form of Cd3As2. No other crystallographic phase of Cd3As2 was observed. Some regions with amorphous or eutectic inclusions were also observed. These results have been correlated with the electrical properties of pulsed-laser evaporated Cd3As2 films.


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