Nondestructive sampling of mitochondrial DNA from voles (Microtus)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Plante ◽  
Peter T. Boag ◽  
Bradley N. White
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Biochemical Taxonomy ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cellular Dna

We present two techniques for sampling mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) without killing individual voles. Total cellular DNA was extracted from small blood samples (100–250 μL) and tail segments (2 cm long) collected from meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus). Restriction fragment patterns produced by the restriction endonucleases HindIII, BamH1, and EcoR1 after hybridization with a probe of nick-translated mtDNA compared well with standard mtDNA assays. Both techniques can be used in the field, and should prove useful in biochemical taxonomy as well as in investigations of population structure, dispersal, and social interactions on both micro- and macro-geographic scales. The Southern blots produced by these procedures have the added advantage of being reuseable, so that nuclear DNA polymorphisms can be examined with appropriate probes.

scholarly journals The Role of Mitochondria in Carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5100
Author(s):  
Paulina Kozakiewicz ◽  
Ludmiła Grzybowska-Szatkowska ◽  
Marzanna Ciesielka ◽  
Jolanta Rzymowska
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
Nadh Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
The Impact

The mitochondria are essential for normal cell functioning. Changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may affect the occurrence of some chronic diseases and cancer. This process is complex and not entirely understood. The assignment to a particular mitochondrial haplogroup may be a factor that either contributes to cancer development or reduces its likelihood. Mutations in mtDNA occurring via an increase in reactive oxygen species may favour the occurrence of further changes both in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in postmitotic cells are not inherited, but may play a role both in initiation and progression of cancer. One of the first discovered polymorphisms associated with cancer was in the gene NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 (mt-ND3) and it was typical of haplogroup N. In prostate cancer, these mutations and polymorphisms involve a gene encoding subunit I of respiratory complex IV cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI). At present, a growing number of studies also address the impact of mtDNA polymorphisms on prognosis in cancer patients. Some of the mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms occur in both chronic disease and cancer, for instance polymorphism G5913A characteristic of prostate cancer and hypertension.

Taxonomy and population structure of E-strain mycorrhizal fungi inferred from ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms

1991 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 866-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Egger ◽  
R.M. Danielson ◽  
J.A. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms

Microgeographic Variation in Mitochondrial DNA of Meadow Voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) in Relation to Population Density

Evolution ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Plante ◽  
Peter T. Boag ◽  
Bradley N. White
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Microgeographic Variation

scholarly journals Kinetic complexity of chloroplastal deoxyribonucleic acid and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid from higher plants

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wells ◽  
Max Birnstiel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Caesium Chloride ◽  
Cellular Dna

1. Chloroplasts and mitochondria were isolated by aqueous and non-aqueous cell-fractionation techniques. In a variety of higher plants the mitochondrial DNA bands in a caesium chloride gradient at 1·706g.cm.−3, whereas chloroplastal DNA has a buoyant density of 1·697g.cm.−3. 2. In total cellular DNA of moderate molecular weight, the chloroplastal DNA is found within the Gaussian distribution of the nuclear DNA and is not resolved as a satellite. 3. Both chloroplastal DNA and mitochondrial DNA from lettuce renature rapidly. 4. The kinetic complexity of mitochondrial DNA is > 108 daltons. 5. Chloroplastal DNA is made up from fast and slow renaturing sequences with kinetic complexities of 3×106 and 1·2×108 daltons respectively. 6. From the discrepancy between analytical and kinetic complexity it is concluded that chloroplastal DNA is extensively reiterated.

Macrogeographic variation in mitochondrial DNA of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Plante ◽  
Peter T. Boag ◽  
Bradley N. White
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Meadow Vole ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
Nucleotide Divergence ◽  
Phenotype Diversity ◽  
Single Locality

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 99 meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) collected in 13 localities and from 2 Townsend's voles (M. townsendii) from a single locality was assayed for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with 13 restriction endonucleases. There was evidence of extensive mtDNA sequence heterogeneity within and among meadow vole populations. Thirty-eight different mtDNA composite phenotypes were found. Two common mtDNA composite phenotypes were shared among five populations, the other mtDNA composite phenotypes being characteristic of individual populations. Estimates of nucleon diversity (ĥ) were high (0.303–0.893), as were measures of intrapopulational nucleotide divergence (px values ranged from 0.0 to 0.038). Population fluctuations and periodic dispersal are the likely mechanisms maintaining high mtDNA composite phenotype diversity in meadow vole populations. Overall interpopulational nucleotide divergence (pxy) was also high (values ranged from 0.007 to 0.045). Cluster analysis clearly separates M. pennsylvanicus and M. townsendii and suggests the separation of the meadow vole populations into eastern and central groups, but there is little evidence of structure within the regional groups. Based on the zoogeography of the populations sampled, the mtDNA RFLP data support the differentiation of Microtus pennsylvanicus into at least two previously described subspecies.

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in Nepalese Achhami cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
NA Gorkhali ◽  
A Dhakal ◽  
S Sapkota ◽  
C Sherpa ◽  
BR Pokhrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Chinese Cattle ◽  
Taurine Cattle ◽  
Indian Cattle

Achhami cattle is claimed to be the world's smallest cattle which is found in Achham district of Sudur Paschim Province of Nepal. A study was carried out to investigate the polymorphism in the control region of the mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in these Achhami cattle. Thirty-seven blood samples were collected from different pocket areas of in Achham district. Our study revealed that Achhami cattle lie significantly within the indicine haplogroups rather than taurine (34 out of 37 samples) manifesting the later introgression by taurine cattle population. The taurine haplogroup, found within Achhami was different than Lulu cattle, which might be from the independent domestication event. Within indicine haplogroup, I1 type haplogroup (64.7%) was found dominant over I2 type haplogroup (35.3%). Achhami cattle revealed its uniqueness as it segregates from Indian cattle for indicine type as well as Chinese cattle for taurine type. In order to understand its ancestry, the whole genome should be studied together with the consideration of more population of cattle from the Asian region. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2020. 49 (1): 22-28

scholarly journals Variations in the Phytophthora infestans Population in Nepal as Revealed by Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Ghimire ◽  
K. D. Hyde ◽  
I. J. Hodgkiss ◽  
D. S. Shaw ◽  
E. C. Y. Liew
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Multilocus Genotypes ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Type Data

Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from potato and tomato crops from various parts of Nepal during the 1999 and 2000 crop seasons were characterized for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms using restriction fragment length polymorphism markers. The nuclear DNA probe RG57 detected 11 multilocus genotypes among 280 isolates. Three genotypes were detected 21 times or more, constituting 94% of the total population, whereas frequencies of other genotypes ranged from 0.004 to 0.014. The overall genotypic diversity as estimated by the Gleason index was 1.78. Most of the overall diversity was present at the highest level (i.e., interregional, 46%), indicating limited gene flow among regions. Cluster analysis of multilocus genotypes derived from RG57 and mating type data for Nepalese isolates and representative isolates worldwide showed Nepalese isolates grouping into four clusters. Characterization of 67 isolates for mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms revealed the presence of two mt-haplotypes, Ia and Ib with the proportions of 0.88 and 0.12, respectively. Polymorphisms in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA revealed a moderate level of diversity in this population. Genotype NP3 had an identical RG57 fingerprint to US1 and had mt-haplotype Ib, confirming the presence of an old population in Nepal. Most of the genotypes had a different RG57 fingerprint than that of US1 and mt-haplotype Ia, the common characteristics of new populations. The presence of a new population at high proportions in Nepal was consistent with the global trend of mt-haplotype distribution, and suggests the displacement of old populations. This study indicates at least three possible introductions of P. infestans to Nepal.

scholarly journals Population Connectivity and Traces of Mitochondrial Introgression in New Zealand Black-Billed Gulls (Larus bulleri)

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Mischler ◽  
Andrew Veale ◽  
Tracey van Stijn ◽  
Rudiger Brauning ◽  
John McEwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
The South ◽  
Mitochondrial Introgression

Black-billed gulls (Larus bulleri) are endemic to New Zealand and are suspected to be undergoing substantial population declines. They primarily breed on open gravel beds in braided rivers of the South Island—a habitat that is diminishing and becoming increasingly modified. Although management of this species is increasing, little has been published on their movements and demographics. In this study, both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region domain I and nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined to help understand the connectivity and population structure of black-billed gulls across the country and to help inform management decisions. Mitochondrial DNA showed no population structure, with high haplotype and low nucleotide diversity, and analyses highlighted mitochondrial introgression with the closely related red-billed gulls (Larus novaehollandiae scopulinus). Nuclear DNA analyses, however, identified two groups, with Rotorua birds in the North Island being distinct from the rest of New Zealand, and isolation-by-distance evident across the South Island populations. Gene flow primarily occurs between nearby colonies with a stepwise movement across the landscape. The importance from a genetic perspective of the more isolated North Island birds (1.6% of total population) needs to be further evaluated. From our results, we infer that the South Island black-billed gull management should focus on maintaining several populations within each region rather than focusing on single specific colonies or river catchments. Future study is needed to investigate the genetic structure of populations at the northern limit of the species’ range, and identify the mechanisms behind, and extent of, the hybridisation between red-billed and black-billed gulls.

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