Developmental abnormalities in triploid hybrids between tetraploid and diploid tree frogs (genus Hyla)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2072-2076
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Mable ◽  
Leslie A. Rye
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Eye Development ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Diploid Males ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Hyla Cinerea ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Tree Frogs ◽  
Eye Formation

Crosses between tetraploid female grey tree frogs, Hyla versicolor, and diploid males of the same genus may provide information on developmental differences between the parental species. Crosses with Hyla cinerea males in 1988 produced a large number of vigorous offspring, but abnormalities in eye development indicated some incompatibility of the parental genomes. The degree of eye development of the hybrids varied, ranging from completely absent to fully functional. Repetition of this cross combination in 1989 resulted in similar variation in eye formation. Histological sections through developing eyes indicated that the abnormalities may be related to improper formation of the cornea, improper orientation of the lens, or lack of lens induction. This may reflect differences in the timing of development between the two parental species.

scholarly journals Parallel changes in mate-attracting calls and female preferences in autotriploid tree frogs

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1733) ◽  
pp. 1583-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch A. Tucker ◽  
H. C. Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Sympatric Speciation ◽  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Hyla Chrysoscelis ◽  
Female Preferences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tree Frogs ◽  
Different Origins

For polyploid species to persist, they must be reproductively isolated from their diploid parental species, which coexist at the same time and place at least initially. In a complex of biparentally reproducing tetraploid and diploid tree frogs in North America, selective phonotaxis—mediated by differences in the pulse-repetition (pulse rate) of their mate-attracting vocalizations—ensures assortative mating. We show that artificially produced autotriploid females of the diploid species ( Hyla chrysoscelis ) show a shift in pulse-rate preference in the direction of the pulse rate produced by males of the tetraploid species ( Hyla versicolor ). The estimated preference function is centred near the mean pulse rate of the calls of artificially produced male autotriploids. Such a parallel shift, which is caused by polyploidy per se and whose magnitude is expected to be greater in autotetraploids, may have facilitated sympatric speciation by promoting reproductive isolation of the initially formed polyploids from their diploid parental forms. This process also helps to explain why tetraploid lineages with different origins have similar advertisement calls and freely interbreed.

scholarly journals Social plasticity in choosiness in green tree frogs, Hyla cinerea

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1540-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P Neelon ◽  
Gerlinde Höbel
Keyword(s):  
Hyla Cinerea ◽  
Social Plasticity ◽  
Tree Frogs

The Drosophila eyes absent gene directs ectopic eye formation in a pathway conserved between flies and vertebrates

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (23) ◽  
pp. 4819-4826 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Bonini ◽  
Q.T. Bui ◽  
G.L. Gray-Board ◽  
J.M. Warrick
Keyword(s):  
Gene Function ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Eye Development ◽  
Control Gene ◽  
Eyes Absent ◽  
Regulatory Loop ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eye Formation ◽  
Master Control

The fly eyes absent (eya) gene which is essential for compound eye development in Drosophila, was shown to be functionally replaceable in eye development by a vertebrate Eya homolog. The relationship between eya and that of the eyeless gene, a Pax-6 homolog, critical for eye formation in both flies and man, was defined: eya was found to be essential for eye formation by eyeless. Moreover, eya could itself direct ectopic eye formation, indicating that eya has the capacity to function as a master control gene for eye formation. Finally, we show that eya and eyeless together were more effective in eye formation than either gene alone. These data indicate conservation of the pathway of eya function between flies and vertebrates; they suggest a model whereby eya/Eya gene function is essential for eye formation by eyeless/Pax-6, and that eya/Eya can in turn mediate, via a regulatory loop, the activity of eyeless/Pax-6 in eye formation.

The biology of Trypanosoma andersoni n. sp. and Trypanosoma grylli Nigrelli, 1944 (Kinetoplastida) from Hyla versicolor LeConte, 1825 (Anura)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian O. Reilly ◽  
P. T. K. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Hyla Cinerea ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Osteopilus Septentrionalis ◽  
Centrifugation Technique ◽  
Acris Gryllus

From May 1979 to July 1980, the blood of 196 mature Hyla versicolor LeConte from six sites in southern Ontario and southeastern Manitoba was examined for trypanosomes using the haematocrit centrifugation technique. Trypanosoma andersoni n. sp. and Trypanosoma grylli Nigrelli were found in 5.2 and 5.6% of the frogs examined. Three frogs (1.5%) were infected with both species of trypanosomes. Blood trypomastigotes of both species were monomorphic. Blood trypomastigotes of T. andersoni n. sp. were long and slender, tapering at both ends, whereas those of T. grylli were pyriform with a rounded posterior and tapered anterior.Both blood and culture forms of these trypanosomes were infective to laboratory-raised H. versicolor and Hyla crucifer Wied. Trypanosoma grylli was also infective to a field-collected Acris gryllus (LeConte). Neither trypanosome was infective to laboratory-raised Rana catesbeiana Shaw, Rana clamitans Rafinesque tadpoles, Rana pipiens Schreber, Rana sylvatica LeConte, or Xenopus laevis Daudin. Trypanosoma andersoni n. sp. was also not infective to laboratory-raised Bufo americanus Holbrook, Pseudacris triseriata (Wied), or to field-collected Hyla cinerea (Schneider) and Osteopilus septentrionalis Dumeril and Bibron. Neither species was infective to field-collected Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque).

Susceptibility of the leech Batracobdella picta (Verrill) to Trypanosoma andersoni Reilly and Woo and Trypanosoma grylli Nigrelli (Kinetoplastida)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1441-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian O. Reilly ◽  
P. T. K. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Binary Fission ◽  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Tree Frogs ◽  
Blood Meals

Laboratory-raised grey tree frogs, Hyla versicolor LeConte, infected with either Trypanosoma andersoni Reilly and Woo or Trypanosoma grylli Nigrelli were fed on by laboratory-raised leeches, Batracobdella picta (Verrill). Trypanosoma andersoni multiplied by binary fission as sphaeromastigotes and epimastigotes in the gut of B. picta at 22 ± 1 °C. Some sphaeromastigotes and epimastigotes contained yellow granules. Two types of metatrypanosomes were found in the digestive tract of the leech at 24 days. Trypanosomes from leeches which had infected blood meals 35 days earlier were not infective when inoculated intraperitoneally or by the leeches feeding on laboratory raised H. versicolor. Trypanosoma grylli did not develop in B. picta at 22 ± 1 °C

scholarly journals A Simple Conservation Tool to Aid Restoration of Amphibians following High-Severity Wildfires: Use of PVC Pipes by Green Tree Frogs (Hyla cinerea) in Central Texas, USA

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Thanchira Suriyamongkol ◽  
Kaitlyn Forks ◽  
Andrea Villamizar-Gomez ◽  
Hsiao-Hsuan Wang ◽  
William E. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Hyla Cinerea ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Tree Frogs ◽  
Pipe Size

Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate class based on the IUCN Red List. Their decline has been linked to anthropogenic activities, with wildfires being among the most conspicuous agents of habitat alterations affecting native amphibians. In 2011, the most destructive wildfire in Texas history occurred in the Lost Pines ecoregion of central Texas, USA, burning 39% of the 34,400 ha forest and drastically decreasing available habitats for many native wildlife species, including the green tree frog (Hyla cinerea). We investigated use of PVC pipes as artificial refuges for green tree frogs in different habitats within this post-fire pine forest. We monitored green tree frog use of small (diameter 38.1-mm, 1.5 inch) and large (diameter 50.8-mm, 2 inch) pipes located adjacent to, and 5 m from, ponds in burned and unburned areas over a 5-month period. We caught 227 frogs, 101 (24 adults and 77 juveniles) in burned and 126 (61 adults, 63 juveniles, and 2 unknown) in unburned areas. A relationship between pipe use by adults and/or juveniles and pipe location in burned versus unburned areas was found, but pipe use by adults and/or juveniles and pipe size were independent. Pipe use by adults and/or juveniles and pipe size were also independent. Juveniles were more frequently observed in pipes located adjacent to ponds. Our results confirmed that PVC pipes merit consideration as a simple, inexpensive, conservation tool to aid in restoration of green tree frog populations after high-severity wildfires. Such artificial refuges may be particularly important for survival of juveniles in severely altered post-fire habitats.

scholarly journals CHORUSING PATTERNS OF A DIVERSE ANURAN COMMUNITY, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON SOUTHERN CRAWFISH FROGS (LITHOBATES AREOLATUS AREOLATUS)

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Donald T. McKnight ◽  
Day B. Ligon
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hyla Versicolor ◽  
Hyla Cinerea ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Chorus Frogs ◽  
Lithobates Areolatus ◽  
Calling Patterns ◽  
Gastrophryne Carolinensis ◽  
Green Treefrogs

Wildlife surveys have a critical role in conservation efforts and the collection of life history data. For anuran amphibians these surveys often focus on calling males. In order to further our understanding of anuran ecology, we used automated recording systems to monitor the calling activities of the anuran communities at two beaver-formed lakes and one cattle pond in southeastern Oklahoma. We documented 14 anuran species between 5 February and 28 April 2012. Temperature had a significant effect on the calling patterns of Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toads (Gastrophryne carolinensis), Green Treefrogs (Hyla cinerea), Gray Treefrogs (Hyla versicolor), Southern Crawfish Frogs (Lithobates areolatus areolatus), and Cajun Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris fouquettei). Temperature did not have a significant effect on the calling patterns of Dwarf American Toads (Anaxyrus americanus charlesmithi), American Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus), or Green Frogs (Lithobates clamitans). There was not a significant relationship between rainfall and calling for L. a. areolatus. The presence of several of these species, including L. a. areolatus and Hurter’s Spadefoots (Scaphiopus hurterii) was unusual because these anurans typically breed in ephemeral, fishless pools, but the beaver lakes are permanent and sustain populations of carnivorous fishes.

scholarly journals The relation of meiotic behaviour to hybridity, polyploidy and apomixis in the Ranunculus auricomus complex (Ranunculaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Birthe H. Barke ◽  
Kevin Karbstein ◽  
Mareike Daubert ◽  
Elvira Hörandl
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Female Meiosis ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Homoploid Hybrid ◽  
Chromatin Bridges

Abstract Background Hybridization and polyploidization are powerful evolutionary factors that are associated with manifold developmental changes in plants such as irregular progression of meiosis and sporogenesis. The emergence of apomixis, which is asexual reproduction via seeds, is supposed to be connected to these factors and was often regarded as an escape from hybrid sterility. However, the functional trigger of apomixis is still unclear. Recently formed di- and polyploid Ranunculus hybrids, as well as their parental species were analysed for their modes of mega- and microsporogenesis by microscopy. Chromosomal configurations during male meiosis were screened for abnormalities. Meiotic and developmental abnormalities were documented qualitatively and collected quantitatively for statistical evaluations. Results Allopolyploids showed significantly higher frequencies of erroneous microsporogenesis than homoploid hybrid plants. Among diploids, F2 hybrids had significantly more disturbed meiosis than F1 hybrids and parental plants. Chromosomal aberrations included laggard chromosomes, chromatin bridges and disoriented spindle activities. Failure of megasporogenesis appeared to be much more frequent in than of microsporogenesis is correlated to apomixis onset. Conclusions Results suggest diverging selective pressures on female and male sporogenesis, with only minor effects of hybridity on microsporogenesis, but fatal effects on the course of megasporogenesis. Hence, pollen development continues without major alterations, while selection will favour apomixis as alternative to the female meiotic pathway. Relation of investigated errors of megasporogenesis with the observed occurrence of apospory in Ranunculus hybrids identifies disturbed female meiosis as potential elicitor of apomixis in order to rescue these plants from hybrid sterility. Male meiotic disturbance appears to be stronger in neopolyploids than in homoploid hybrids, while disturbances of megasporogenesis were not ploidy-dependent.

Eye suppression, a novel function of teashirt, requires Wingless signaling

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (18) ◽  
pp. 4271-4280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Singh ◽  
Madhuri Kango-Singh ◽  
Y. Henry Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Eye Development ◽  
Retinal Cell ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Finger Protein ◽  
Eye Disc ◽  
Eye Formation

teashirt (tsh) encodes a Drosophila zinc-finger protein. Misexpression of tsh has been shown to induce ectopic eye formation in the antenna. We report that tsh can suppress eye development. This novel function of tsh is due to the induction of homothorax (hth), a known repressor of eye development, and requires Wingless (WG) signaling. Interestingly, tsh has different functions in the dorsal and ventral eye, suppressing eye development close to the ventral margin, while promoting eye development near the dorsal margin. It affects both growth of eye disc and retinal cell differentiation.

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