Daily partitioning of summer habitat and use of space by the snowshoe hare in southern boreal forest

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2178-2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Ferron ◽  
Jean-Pierre Ouellet
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
High Utilization ◽  
Vegetation Species ◽  
Resting Period

We investigated daily partitioning of summer habitat and use of space by the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) by means of radiotelemetry. Two periods corresponding to low and high activity were considered: resting during daytime and feeding at dawn and dusk. Areas used during the feeding and resting periods overlapped within each home range. During the feeding period, males occupied larger areas than during the resting period, but females did not. Vegetation characteristics were compared between 3 groups of plots corresponding to sites used during the feeding and resting periods and to low-utilization areas. Microhabitat characteristics differed between high-utilization and low-utilization sites, with mature conifer stands and areas with sparse hardwood understory characterizing low-utilization sites. Furthermore, the degree of utilization was related to habitat structure, not to vegetation species composition. Hares were also located more often in ecotones between different habitat types. During the feeding period, hares utilized sites with a greater ground cover of herbs and a lesser cover of ligneous plants, humus, and moss, and with a greater canopy closure, than during the resting period. Hares frequently utilized dense understory during both periods. These results do not support the predictions of Belovsky's model, based on thermal physiology, of snowshoe hare habitat selection according to the time of day.

Efficiency of Grasshopper Baits in Relation to Time of Day of Application

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Handford ◽  
L. G. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature

Literature on grasshopper control published hetween 1930 and 1942 stressed the desirability of applying poisoned bait when grasshoppers begin their first main feeding period of the day. Such pubiications include those by Parker (1930). Parker, Walton, and Shotwell (1932), Criddle (1932). Ruggles and Aamodt (1938), and Bird (1940). Parker (1930) found that the lesser migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus (Sauss.), fed sparingly on baits at air temperatures between 55°F. and 63°F., more actively between 64°F. and 67°F., and most actively between 68°F. and 78°F. A rapid decrease in feeding occurred when air temperature rose above 80°F. or the soil surface temperature above 113°F. Much the same relationship held also for the clear-winged grasshopper, Cammula pellucida (Scudd.). On the basis of such observations it was decided chat an air temperature of 68°F. might be classed as optimum for beginning the application of bait. Parker did not, however, indicate the degree of mortality resulting from such feeding; the other writers gave no experimental data.

scholarly journals Does habitat structure influence capture probabilities? A study of reptiles in a eucalypt forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Craig ◽  
Andrew H. Grigg ◽  
Mark J. Garkaklis ◽  
Richard J. Hobbs ◽  
Carl D. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Structural Variables

Pitfall traps are commonly used to examine differences in reptile communities among habitat types and disturbance regimes that differ in structure. However, capture rates and probabilities may be influenced by habitat structure, which invalidates comparisons of relative abundance among habitat types. To assess whether pitfall traps provide accurate reflections of density and whether habitat structure affects capture probabilities, we trapped at six sites in various jarrah-forest habitat types in south-western Australia, then intensively searched 150-m2 total-removal plots around each pitfall grid to obtain absolute densities of reptiles. Pitfall captures were significantly correlated with numbers on total-removal plots for Hemiergis initialis and Lerista distinguenda, indicating that pitfall traps provided accurate reflections of density for these species. Capture probabilities of H. initialis and L. distinguenda and all reptiles combined showed no significant correlations with any structural variables, indicating that capture probabilities were consistent across sites. We conclude that trapping provided accurate estimates of relative abundance for some species and that capture probabilities were not influenced by vegetation structure. Because many studies use trapping to estimate abundances among habitat types, we encourage researchers to investigate how vegetation structure influences capture probabilities, so that general patterns can be determined; we also suggest improvements for any future studies.

scholarly journals 281 Effects of feeding endophyte-infected tall fescue seed to Angus steers on ergovaline concentration, lipid oxidation, and skeletal metmyoglobin reductase activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
Brandon McClenton ◽  
Jack Goodman ◽  
Oanh Dong ◽  
Anuraj Sukumaran ◽  
Alexander Holtcamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Tbars Values ◽  
Kg Medium ◽  
Resting Period

Abstract This study was aimed to determine the ergovaline concentration, lipid oxidation, and skeletal metmyoglobin reductase activity in Angus steers fed with endophyte-infected tall fescue seed. Animals were blocked into light (n = 4, 205.5 ± 7.4 kg), medium (n = 5, 231.3 ± 8.2 kg), and heavy (n = 3, 272.7 ± 8.4 kg) groups and randomly assigned to either a KY31 seed treatment (6796 ppb ergovaline; 20 µg/kg BW; E+; n = 6) or a KY32 control (< 100 ppb; E-; n = 6) by Calan® gates during a 70-d feeding period from June to August of 2015 (period 1), followed by a 150-d resting period and another 64-d feeding period from January to March of 2016 (period 2). In both periods, there was a 2-way treatment × time interaction for ergovaline concentration in blood (P = 0.002 and 0.022, respectively), with E+ steers having 0.59 to 0.95 nM more than E- steers on d 3 (P < 0.001). In period 1, TBARS values were greater in blood serum of E+ steers than in that of E- steers (6.56 vs. 2.56 µM MDA; P = 0.048) and an overall increase in MDA from d 0 (2.39 µM) to d 3 (7.59 µM) was also observed (P = 0.049). At slaughter, E+ steers had a blood TBARS value of 2.27 µM, greater than 1.15 µM in E- steers (P = 0.013). In postmortem muscle, the TBARS value was 0.68 and 0.77 µg/kg for E- and E+ steers, respectively (P = 0.239). There was no effect of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed on metmyoglobin reductase in longissimus thoracis (4.82 µM/min/g in E- muscle vs. 3.93 µM/min/g in E+ muscle; P = 0.484). Therefore, feeding endophyte-infected tall fescue seed increased ergovaline concentration and oxidative stress in the blood of Angus steers.

How does habitat structure affect activity and use of space among house mice?

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Plesner Jensen ◽  
Samantha J Gray ◽  
Jane L Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Use Of Space

scholarly journals Vegetation biomass and habitat selection by a newly introduced population of muskoxen in northern Quebec

Rangifer ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Nault ◽  
Carole Mathieu ◽  
Michel Crête
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
The Difference

Ground coverage by woody and herbaceous plant species and standing biomass of vegetation susceptible to being grazed upon were estimated in a 156 km2 area where 190 muskoxen were censused during the preceding autumn. Habitat use was estimated with droppings census. Six terrestrial habitat types were delineated on 1:32 000 aerial photographs and randomly sampled: low shrub on xeric sites (LSX; 64 km2), low shrub on mesic sites (LSM; 45 km2), bare ground (BG; 27 km2), forest-tundra (FT; 12 km2), wet meadow (WM; 2 km2) and riparian willows (RW; 1 km2). Dominant plant species varied greatly between habitat types, and only a few such as Betula glandulosa, Salix arctophila, and Polygonum viviparum were common. Tall shrubs were present only in RW where they covered most of the ground, and in FT. Low shrubs were uniformly distributed and covered 18-32% of the ground, with the exception of RW (5%). Ground cover by herbs had a similar range (i.e. 20-37%), except in RW where the mean exceeded 50%. Mosses and lichens occupied about half of the ground everywhere. Phytomass exhibited great variation within and between habitat types; extreme values averaged 892 kg*ha-1 in LSX, and 1965 kg*ha-1 in LSM. However the difference was not significant due to limited sample size and within habitat variance. Nevertheless the mass of herbaceous dicots was greater in RW than in any other habitat type. Total phytomass was 2-20 times greater in northern Québec than in Greenland. Based on droppings density, muskoxen preferred RW over BG and FT, and LSX over BG. Although the density of muskoxen in the study area was high relative to other muskox ranges, habitat quality and quantity should allow continued population growth.

scholarly journals Reproduction and Accompanying Fauna of Red Mason Bee Osmia rufa L. (syn. Osmia bicornis L.) in Areas with Different Levels of Urbanization

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Barbara Zajdel ◽  
Mikołaj Borański ◽  
Kornelia Kucharska ◽  
Dariusz Teper
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Solitary Bee ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Nest Fauna ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract An increasing number of studies show that urbanized areas are habitats of high biological value and ecological significance. Most bee species live in areas altered by man, either in cities - fragmented urban habitats - or in large rural monocultures. Our research is based on three-year observations of population development of the solitary bee Osmia rufa L. in three habitat types: city, suburbs and villages. We compared reproductive parameters and diversity of accompanying nest fauna. Population growth rate was high in all habitats, exceeding five times the number of cocoons placed in the previous year. We found no significant differences in the number of cocoons and brood mortality between areas with different urbanization levels. In nests located in suburbs, parasites and cleptoparasites occupied almost three times more nest chambers than in other habitats. Changes in the habitat structure had a significant impact on the diversity and abundance of accompanying fauna. Our study shows that red mason bees are flexible and easily adapt to new conditions, despite changes caused by urbanization and agriculture.

scholarly journals Holling Meets Habitat Selection - Functional Response of Large Herbivores Revisited

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Dupke ◽  
Anne Peters ◽  
Nicolas Morellet ◽  
Marco Heurich
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Habitat Availability ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: Holling (1959) was the first to describe a functional response between a predator’s consumption-rate and the density of its prey. The same concept may be applied to the habitat selection of herbivores, by considering the change in relative habitat use with the change in habitat availability. Functional responses in habitat selection at a home-range scale has been reported for several large herbivores. However, a link to Holling’s original functional response types has never been drawn despite its potential to understand availability dependence in habitat selection more profoundly. Methods: Discrete choice models were implemented as mixed-effects baseline-category logit models to analyze the variation in habitat selection of a large herbivore over seasonal and diurnal scales. Specifically, changes in habitat use with respect to habitat availability were investigated by monitoring 11 habitat types commonly used by roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) in the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany. Functional response curves were then fitted using Holling’s formulas. Results: Strong evidence of non-linear functional responses was obtained for almost all of the examined habitat types. The shape of the functional response curves varied depending on the season, time of day and in some cases between sexes. These responses could be referenced to Holling’s types, with a predominance of type II.Conclusions: Our results indicate that Holling’s types could be applied to describe general patterns in habitat selection behaviour of herbivores. Functional response in habitat selection may occur in situations of trade-off in the selection of habitats offering different resources, due to temporally varying physiological needs of herbivores. Moreover, the two associated parameters defining the curves helps to identify the temporal variations and clarify how strongly the cost-to-benefit ratio is pronounced for a specific habitat. The presented novel approach of using Holling’s equations to describe functional response in habitat selection of herbivores could be used for assigning general habitat attraction values, independent of habitat availability, which might facilitate the identification of suitable habitats.

scholarly journals Study of species associations in native habitats of the genus Dacrydium Lamb. (Podocarpaceae) in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
Siti Maimunah ◽  
Paul J.A. Kessler ◽  
Sapto Indrioko ◽  
Muhammad Naiem ◽  
Jay H. Samek
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Social Forestry ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
As Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Plots

Abstract The tropical coniferous genus Dacrydium Lamb. is occurring with some species in various habitat types in Kalimantan, Indonesia. So far four species are recorded for that area. Even though the species are considered globally as Endangered and Least Threatened species by the IUCN, in Central Kalimantan the genus is under threat from pressures related to logging, fire and land conversion. Locally known as Alau, this genus prospers in a range of habitats from heath to deep-peat swamp forests in Central Kalimantan. Data from field plots across four sites in Central Kalimantan are used to compare variations in habitat and species composition where Alau trees are present. The results of the analysis show the wide range of habitat structure as well as species diversity where Alau tends to thrive. The characterization of these sites may be helpful in protecting and conserving Alau forest areas under social forestry and local forest management resource use plans.

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