Howling by coyotes ( Canis latrans): variation among social classes, seasons, and pack sizes

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M Gese ◽  
Robert L Ruff
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The Core ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Breeding Seasons

From January 1991 to June 1993 we observed 54 coyotes (Canis latrans) for 2507 h in Yellowstone National Park,Wyoming, during which we observed 517 howling events. Among coyotes of different types of social organization (residentversus transient), members of resident packs initiated or participated in howling events, while transient individuals were neverobserved howling (n = 51 h of observation). For members of resident packs, alpha coyotes spent more time howling and had ahigher rate of howling events than beta coyotes and pups; beta coyotes and pups howled similarly. The percentage of time andthe rate of howling events typically peaked in the dispersal and breeding seasons, with the lowest rate of howling during puprearing. Social rank and season did not influence the length of howling events. Pack size did not affect howling rates amongindividuals in a pack or the alpha pair. With respect to space-use patterns, coyotes in resident packs howled more frequentlythan expected along the periphery of the territory than in the core area. We concluded that, like wolves (Canis lupus), allcoyotes in the resident pack did not contribute equally to howling duties; alpha coyotes howled more than all coyotes. Howlingby coyotes appears to serve a territorial spacing function that is mainly performed by the alpha pair of the resident pack.

scholarly journals Coyote (Canis latrans) Habitat use and Mortality in Grand Teton National Park and Suburban-Agricultural Areas of Jackson Hole, Wyoming

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Matt McGee ◽  
Stan Anderson ◽  
Doug Wachob
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
National Park ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
Agricultural Areas

A study of coyote (Canis latrans) habitat use and mortality in Grand Teton National Park and the suburban-agricultural land surrounding Jackson, WY was conducted between September 1999 and August 2000. This research focused on the influence of human development, habitat type, topography, and simulated wolf presence on coyote habitat use and on coyote mortality patterns in undeveloped and suburban-agricultural land. The overall goal of this project was to provide baseline information on the coyote population in Jackson Hole that can be used in the future to determine what, if any, impact wolves and human developments may have on coyotes. There were a total of fifteen radio-collared coyotes in the suburban-agricultural area and fourteen radio collared coyotes in Grand Teton National Park and adjacent areas in the National Elk Refuge and Bridger-Teton National Forest. Marked coyotes were tracked weekly using short interval telemetry relocations and triangulation to determine habitat use patterns. During the winter, track transects were skied weekly and coyote trails were backtracked and mapped using hand held GPS units to determine fine scale habitat use patterns. Coyote mortality was determined via telemetry and direct observation. Preliminary data analyses suggest that coyotes use mainly sagebrush-grasslands or forest-shrub-grass edge areas and avoid forest interior areas. Coyotes frequently use trails and roads in the undeveloped area when moving long distances. Preliminary analysis also indicates that roads and trails are used in a greater proportion than their abundance on the landscape. Coyotes were frequently observed using riparian corridors to move between open meadows in the suburban-agricultural area. There is some evidence that suggests coyotes selectively travel fences and irrigation ditches for long distances in agricultural areas. The movement data also suggests that coyotes avoid developed areas during the day and travel in these developed areas at night. The data on coyote locations suggests some avoidance of wolf urine scent grids in the undeveloped area, but not in the developed area. Coyote mortality was primarily human caused, and coyotes that were male, transient, and lived in the suburban-agricultural area were the most commonly killed animals.

Coyote foraging ecology and vigilance in response to gray wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Adam Switalski
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Large Carnivore ◽  
Continuous Source

Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have lived in the absence of wolves (Canis lupus) for over 60 years. I examined whether wolf reintroduction in 1995 and 1996 in YNP influenced coyote vigilance and foraging ecology. From December 1997 to July 2000, my co-workers and I collected 1708 h of coyote activity budgets. Once wolves became established in the Park, they once again provided a continuous source of carrion in the Lamar Valley and we found that coyotes began feeding on carcasses throughout the year. Although we documented that wolves killed coyotes, it also became clear that surviving coyotes quickly adjusted their behaviors when wolves were present. When coyotes were near wolves or in areas of high wolf use, they fed on carcasses much more; however, they increased the amount of time spent in vigilance activities and decreased rest. There appears to be a trade-off in which wolf kills provide a quick source of food that is energetically advantageous to coyotes; however, attendant costs included increased vigilance, decreased rest, and a higher risk of being killed. Changes in the behavior of coyotes in response to the reintroduction of this large carnivore may ultimately have wide-ranging cascading effects throughout the ecosystem.

Trophic cascades linking wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and small mammals

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Miller ◽  
Henry J. Harlow ◽  
Tyler S. Harlow ◽  
Dean Biggins ◽  
William J. Ripple
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Mesopredator Release ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Over Time

When large carnivores are extirpated from ecosystems that evolved with apex predators, these systems can change at the herbivore and plant trophic levels. Such changes across trophic levels are called cascading effects and they are very important to conservation. Studies on the effects of reintroduced wolves in Yellowstone National Park have examined the interaction pathway of wolves ( Canis lupus L., 1758) to ungulates to plants. This study examines the interaction effects of wolves to coyotes to rodents (reversing mesopredator release in the absence of wolves). Coyotes ( Canis latrans Say, 1823) generally avoided areas near a wolf den. However, when in the proximity of a den, they used woody habitats (pine or sage) compared with herbaceous habitats (grass or forb or sedge)– when they were away from the wolf den. Our data suggested a significant increase in rodent numbers, particularly voles (genus Microtus Schrank, 1798), during the 3-year study on plots that were within 3 km of the wolf den, but we did not detect a significant change in rodent numbers over time for more distant plots. Predation by coyotes may have depressed numbers of small mammals in areas away from the wolf den. These factors indicate a top–down effect by wolves on coyotes and subsequently on the rodents of the area. Restoration of wolves could be a powerful tool for regulating predation at lower trophic levels.

Abundance of coral-polyp-eating gastropods Drupella cornus in Bunaken National Park, Indonesia: indicating anthropogenic impact?

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Farnis B Boneka ◽  
N Gustaf F Mamangkey
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Human Interventions ◽  
Coral Polyp ◽  
Intervention Zone ◽  
Drupella Cornus

Corallivorous gastropods, Drupella cornus are living in the Indo Pacific coral reefs. To assess the distribution of the snails at Bunaken National Park in Indonesia, a study has been conducted on three zones established in three main islands of the park: core, tourism, and exploitation zones. The zones represent degrees of human interventions in which the least intervention is for core zone, moderate for tourism zone and high for the exploitation zone. The results showed that degrees of human interventions are related to the density of snails where the least human intervention zone (the core zone) had low numbers of snails while the high human intervention (exploitation) zone had high numbers of snails. Three corals in the zones that were preferred by the snails were: Montipora spp., Acropora spp., and Porites spp. The numbers of snails living on the corals followed the percent of coral cover© Gastropod pemakan polip karang, Drupella cornus hidup di areal terumbu karang Indo-Pasifik. Untuk mengetahui distribusi dari siput di Taman Nasional Bunaken, sebuah studi telah dilakukan pada tiga zona yang ditetapkan di tiga pulau utama di taman nasional ini: zona inti, zona pariwisata, dan zona pemanfaatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tinggi-rendahnya intervensi manusia berhubungan dengan kepadatan siput di mana zona yang memiliki intervensi terendah (zona inti) memiliki jumlah siput sedikit sementara zona dengan intervensi tertinggi (zone pemanfaatan) memiliki jumlah siput terbanyak. Tiga spesies karang di ketiga zona ini yang disukai oleh siput adalah Montipora spp., Acropora spp., and Porites spp. Jumlah siput yang hidup di karang mengikuti jumlah persen tutupan karang©

scholarly journals Active Inference: Applicability to Different Types of Social Organization Explained through Reference to Industrial Engineering and Quality Management

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Stephen Fox
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Industrial Engineering ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inference Theory

Active inference is a physics of life process theory of perception, action and learning that is applicable to natural and artificial agents. In this paper, active inference theory is related to different types of practice in social organization. Here, the term social organization is used to clarify that this paper does not encompass organization in biological systems. Rather, the paper addresses active inference in social organization that utilizes industrial engineering, quality management, and artificial intelligence alongside human intelligence. Social organization referred to in this paper can be in private companies, public institutions, other for-profit or not-for-profit organizations, and any combination of them. The relevance of active inference theory is explained in terms of variational free energy, prediction errors, generative models, and Markov blankets. Active inference theory is most relevant to the social organization of work that is highly repetitive. By contrast, there are more challenges involved in applying active inference theory for social organization of less repetitive endeavors such as one-of-a-kind projects. These challenges need to be addressed in order for active inference to provide a unifying framework for different types of social organization employing human and artificial intelligence.

The ecology of the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus in a coastal coniferous forest. II. Reproduction

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. F. S. Sadleir
Keyword(s):  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Breeding Condition ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The duration and intensity of reproduction in deer mice was followed for four seasons by live and dead trapping. Three populations living in different types of forest habitat had synchronous breeding seasons, although there were major differences between years in the time of onset and cessation of breeding and in the proportion of females in breeding condition. No consistent relationships were found between either density changes or the incidence of parasitism and reproductive phenology. In the absence of overt food fluctuations there was a relationship between unseasonable temperature changes and breeding. Sudden increases in temperature may have stimulated the onset of breeding but its cessation before the autumn equinox was always associated with a considerable decrease in temperature if this occurred after April. In 57 pregnancies the corpora lutea count was 4.75 ± 1.12 and embryo count was 4.52 ± 1.16. [Formula: see text].

scholarly journals Intercommunity interactions and killings in central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) from Loango National Park, Gabon

Primates ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Martínez-Íñigo ◽  
Pauline Baas ◽  
Harmonie Klein ◽  
Simone Pika ◽  
Tobias Deschner
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
National Park ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
Intergroup Interactions ◽  
Killing Rate ◽  
The Core ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Troglodytes

AbstractIntercommunity competition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) has been widely studied in eastern (P. t. schweinfurthii) and western (P. t. verus) communities. Both subspecies show hostility towards neighboring communities but differ in rates of lethal attacks and female involvement. However, relatively little is known about the territorial behavior of the two other subspecies, central (P. t. troglodytes) and Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (P. t. ellioti). Here, we present the first insights into intercommunity interactions of individuals of a community of central chimpanzees living in the Loango National Park in Gabon. The presence of individuals of neighboring communities in the Rekambo home range was assessed using 27 camera traps. Information was compiled on intergroup interactions recorded before (2005–2016) and after (January 2017–June 2019) the habituation of the community. Individuals from neighboring communities entered the core area, where nine out of 16 recorded intercommunity encounters occurred. Males were the main participants in territorial patrols and intercommunity aggressions. Females were part of all six territorial patrols recorded and dependent offspring participated in five patrols. Females were involved in intercommunity aggression in five out of twelve recorded encounters in which there was visual contact between communities. While the intercommunity encounter rate was lower than that reported across most other long-term chimpanzee sites, the annual intercommunity killing rate was among the highest. These results suggest that the frequency of lethal attacks at Loango is comparable to that reported for the eastern subspecies. In contrast, female involvement in intercommunity interactions mirrors that of the western subspecies.

scholarly journals Coyote, Canis latrans, Predation on a Bison, Bison bison, Calf in Yellowstone National Park

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Sheldon ◽  
Gregory Reed ◽  
A. Cheyenne Burnett ◽  
Kevin Li ◽  
Robert L. Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Alpha Male ◽  
Complete Observation

We observed a single adult male Coyote (Canis latrans) kill a Bison (Bison bison) calf in Yellowstone National Park. The predation is, to our knowledge, the only direct and complete observation of a lone Coyote capturing and killing a Bison calf. The bison calf had unsuccessfully attempted to ford a river with a group and subsequently become stranded alone in the territory of a six-year-old alpha male Coyote.

scholarly journals Table scraps: inter-trophic food provisioning by pumas

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mark Elbroch ◽  
Heiko U. Wittmer
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Food Provisioning ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Food Subsidies ◽  
Vultur Gryphus ◽  
Natural Communities

Large carnivores perform keystone ecological functions through direct predation, or indirectly, through food subsidies to scavengers or trophic cascades driven by their influence on the distributions of their prey. Pumas ( Puma concolor ) are an elusive, cryptic species difficult to study and little is known about their inter-trophic-level interactions in natural communities. Using new GPS technology, we discovered that pumas in Patagonia provided 232 ± 31 kg of edible meat/month/100 km 2 to near-threatened Andean condors ( Vultur gryphus ) and other members of a diverse scavenger community. This is up to 3.1 times the contributions by wolves ( Canis lupus ) to communities in Yellowstone National Park, USA, and highlights the keystone role large, solitary felids play in natural systems. These findings are more pertinent than ever, for managers increasingly advocate controlling pumas and other large felids to bolster prey populations and mitigate concerns over human and livestock safety, without a full understanding of the potential ecological consequences of their actions.

scholarly journals Investigating Space Use Patterns in a Malaysian Hospital Courtyard Garden: Lessons from real-time observation of patients, staff and visitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Madihah Mat Idris ◽  
Magda Sibley ◽  
Karim Hadjri
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Different Types ◽  
User Groups ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
Real Time Observation ◽  
Open Access Article

This paper examines the behaviour of users of a large central courtyard in a hospital with the aim to develop an understanding of the activities and the space use patterns of patients, staff and visitors. Video-based and direct observation, as well as behaviour mapping, were employed to investigate how different types of users interact with the courtyard garden. This study reveals that significant differences existed in the way different user groups utilised the courtyard garden on a daily basis and this was found to be highly influenced by the physical environment, the hospital opening hours and the courtyard micro-climate.eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i8.1413

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document