Abundance of coral-polyp-eating gastropods Drupella cornus in Bunaken National Park, Indonesia: indicating anthropogenic impact?

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Farnis B Boneka ◽  
N Gustaf F Mamangkey
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Human Interventions ◽  
Coral Polyp ◽  
Intervention Zone ◽  
Drupella Cornus

Corallivorous gastropods, Drupella cornus are living in the Indo Pacific coral reefs. To assess the distribution of the snails at Bunaken National Park in Indonesia, a study has been conducted on three zones established in three main islands of the park: core, tourism, and exploitation zones. The zones represent degrees of human interventions in which the least intervention is for core zone, moderate for tourism zone and high for the exploitation zone. The results showed that degrees of human interventions are related to the density of snails where the least human intervention zone (the core zone) had low numbers of snails while the high human intervention (exploitation) zone had high numbers of snails. Three corals in the zones that were preferred by the snails were: Montipora spp., Acropora spp., and Porites spp. The numbers of snails living on the corals followed the percent of coral cover© Gastropod pemakan polip karang, Drupella cornus hidup di areal terumbu karang Indo-Pasifik. Untuk mengetahui distribusi dari siput di Taman Nasional Bunaken, sebuah studi telah dilakukan pada tiga zona yang ditetapkan di tiga pulau utama di taman nasional ini: zona inti, zona pariwisata, dan zona pemanfaatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tinggi-rendahnya intervensi manusia berhubungan dengan kepadatan siput di mana zona yang memiliki intervensi terendah (zona inti) memiliki jumlah siput sedikit sementara zona dengan intervensi tertinggi (zone pemanfaatan) memiliki jumlah siput terbanyak. Tiga spesies karang di ketiga zona ini yang disukai oleh siput adalah Montipora spp., Acropora spp., and Porites spp. Jumlah siput yang hidup di karang mengikuti jumlah persen tutupan karang©

scholarly journals Kondisi Terkini Presentase Tutupan Terumbu Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Gili Air, Taman Wisata Perairan Gili Matra, Nusa Tenggara Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
Nurliah Buhari ◽  
Mahardika Rizqi Himawan ◽  
Edwin Jefri ◽  
Paryono Paryono ◽  
Ibadur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
The Core ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems

Gili Matra Aquatic Tourism Park has two conservation targets, namely biological targets and social, cultural and economic targets. Coral reef ecosystems, apart from being a conservation target, are also an attraction for tourists to visit. This research was conducted to determine the condition of the coral reef ecosystem to be used as the basis for the management of conservation areas. The research was conducted by collecting coral reef data either through surveys or secondary data from the results of previous studies. Coral reef survey using the standard Line Intercept Transect method. The survey results show that the condition of coral reefs in the utilization zone is better than the core zone. Live coral cover in the utilization zone reached 71% so it was categorized as good, while in the core zone it only reached 8% so it was categorized as bad. Coral reefs in the core zone are unable to recover even though the number of tourists has decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the location of the core zone on Gili Air needs to be evaluated further so that the effectiveness of Gili Matra TWP management can be improved.  Key words: coral reefs; Gili Matra; Conservation

scholarly journals GEOTHERMAL EXPLOITATION IN A WORLD HERITAGE SITE: A CASE STUDY OF GUNUNG LEUSER NATIONAL PARK

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Marsudi Triatmodjo ◽  
Agustina Merdekawati ◽  
Sandy Nurvianto ◽  
Irkham Afnan Trisandi Hasibuan ◽  
I Gusti Putu Agung
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
National Park ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
Geothermal Power Plant ◽  
The Core ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Geothermal Power

<em>Act No. 21/2014 on Geothermal Energy is considered a solution to the slow development of geothermal energy utilization for power plants by opening the way for exploitation in conservation forest areas. However, in practice, such exploitation is still constrained because it often clashes with the conservation interest. This study aims to review: (1) the role of Act No. 21/2014 as a legal justification to conduct geothermal power plant exploitation in Gunung Kembar and Gunung Waihlup within the core zone of Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), and (2) the potential impact of such exploitation on the international recognition of Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra (TRHS) as a world heritage. This research is normative legal research, using secondary data consisting of primary and secondary legal materials, and employs a qualitative method to analyze the data. The results showed that Act No. 21/2014 could not justify geothermal exploitation activity within the core zone of GLNP. The study also concluded that the geothermal power plant activity is projected to have the potential to compromise TRHS recognition as a world heritage site.</em>

scholarly journals TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN THE LOWLAND FOREST OF THE CORE ZONE OF THE BUKIT DUABELAS NATIONAL PARK, JAMBI, INDONESIA

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
RAHMAH RAHMAH ◽  
KUSWATA KARTAWINATA ◽  
NISYAWATI NISYAWATI ◽  
WISNU WARDHANA ◽  
ERWIN NURDIN
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
Complete Representation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

RAHMAH, KARTAWINATA, K., NISYAWATI, WARDHANA, W. & NURDIN, E. 2016. Tree species diversity in the lowland forest of the core zone of the Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 15(1): 11 - 26. — An analysis of the composition and structure of a one-hectare plot of forest on a lowland hill slope in the eastern core zone of the Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi, was conducted in October and November 2012. The objective of the study was to obtain a descriptive account of the structure and tree species composition of a lowland forest in the eastern core zone of the park. The plot was divided into 100 subplots of  (10 m × 10 m) each and the seedling subplots (5 m × 5 m) were nested in the sapling subplots. A total of 414 trees were recorded with DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) ?10 cm, representing 113 species and 38 families, with the total BA (Basal Area)  of 25.71 m2 and Shannon- Wiener diversity index of 4.29. Prunus arborea with IV (Importance Value) of 19.19 is the dominant species and the other prevalent species were, Dracontomelon dao (IV =11.46) and Hydnocarpus sp. (IV =11.38). A total of 44 species (38.9%) had each density of 1 tree/ha, which may be considered locally rare. Ficus fistulosa had the highest density (24 trees/ha) and Prunus arborea had the highest BA (3.28 m2 = 12.8% of the total). Only 10 species had F (frequency) of 8-18%, of which Hydnocarpus sp. had the highest (18%); the remaining species had F<8%, which may be considered locally rare. Moraceae (IV= 34.05) was the dominant family. The two richest families were Moraceae (11) and Clusiaceae (9). A total of 61 species were registered in the Sumatra checklist and one of them was endemic (Baccaurea dulcis). A total of 13 species are listed in the IUCN Red List. The forest is a developing community after disturbance in the past with poor regeneration. Species with complete representation of trees, saplings and seedlings will probably remain in the forest in the future.

Determination of core zone of marine sanctuary in Bahoi Village, North Minahasa Regency

2013 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Sonny Tasidjawa ◽  
Stephanus V Mandagi ◽  
Ridwan Lasabuda
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
The Core

Bahoi village is located in West Likupang District of North Minahasa Regency. It is one of the villages that is included in the conservation network of North Sulawesi Province. A marine sanctuary has been established in this village in 2003 and it has been managed by local community, known as community-based marine sanctuary management, since then, this sanctuary has been in operation. As a small community-based marine protected area with lots of users, it requires an appropriate method to determine the Core Zone that allows an effective preservation of the marine biota. This is the driving factor of this study.  The purpose of this study is to examine the processes and output of determining the core zone of a Marine Sanctuary using a conventional method and Marxan Method. The conventional method is a simple method in determining a core zone such as using manta tow technique. While Marxan, it only requires input of data such as spatial and figures to generate information for determining the core zone. After comparing the processes of these two methods in the study site, it was found that Marxan method was more effective and more accurate with lower costs than the conventional one. In addition, the final decision of the core zone depended on the outcome of the village meetings when the conventional method was applied. This long process could be avoided when Marxan method was used. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use Marxan in determining core zones© Desa Bahoi terletak di Kecamatan Likupang Barat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Desa ini merupakan salah satu desa yang masuk dalam jejaringan kawasan konservasi di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Sebuah Daerah Perlindungan Laut telah didirikan di desa ini pada tahun 2003 dan dikelolah oleh masyarakat setempat, yang dikenal sebagai pengelolaan Daerah Perlindungan Laut Berbasis Masyarakat, sejak saat itu Daerah Perlindungan Laut ini telah beroperasi. Sebagai Daerah Perlindungan Laut Berbasis Masyarakat yang kecil namun memiliki banyak pengguna, diperlukan metode tepat yang akan menentukan Zona Inti yang memungkinkan pelestarian biota laut menjadi sangat efektif. Ini adalah faktor pendorong dari penelitian. Selanjutnya, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji proses dan hasil penentuan zona inti Daerah Perlindungan Laut dengan menggunakan metode konvensional seperti survei manta tow dan marxan. Metode konvensional adalah metode sederhana dalam menentukan zona inti seperti teknik manta tow. Sedangkan marxan, hanya perlu memasukan data seperti spasial dan angka untuk menghasilkan informasi penentuan zona inti. Setelah membandingkan proses dari dua metode di lokasi penelitian, ditemukan bahwa metode marxan jauh lebih baik dari pada metode konvensional, karena lebih efektif, lebih akurat dengan biaya yang lebih rendah. Selain itu, keputusan akhir dari zona inti tergantung pada hasil rapat desa ketika metode konvensional diterapkan, proses panjang ini dapat dihindari jika metode marxan digunakan©

Community changes of coral reef fishes in Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Fakhrizal Setiawan ◽  
Janny D Kusen ◽  
Georis JF Kaligis
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Fish Community Structure ◽  
Reef Fish Community

In order to look at changes in coral and reef fish communities during the period of 2006 to 2013, this research was carried out at Bunaken National Park (BNP) with 26 observation sites. The existing data and information of reef fish communities in the park generally could not be used as representative for describing the whole region. Percentage of coral cover and fish abundance during the study period shows that Bunaken Island is more similar to other locations. Reef fish community structure as seen from ecological index (H' at all sites being categorized, E category labile and low category C) shows the condition of the reef fish community is still good. Changes in the structure of reef fish communities showed declining conditions compared to 2006, and coral cover continued to decrease compared to 1998 and 2007. Good overall reef fish and coral cover have decreased; it is thought to be related to the pressure in BNP. Some of the pressures in the region were (i) increasing numbers of domestic as well as foreign visitors, (ii) increasing number of residents in the region, as well as the burden of waste and trash from the Bay of Manado. Penelitian dilakukan di Taman Nasional Bunaken (Utara dan Selatan)   pada 26 lokasi  pengamatan untuk menganalisis perubahan struktur komunitas ikan karang melalui kajian dari suatu time series data dari beberapa penelitian sebelumnya. Data primer mengenai ikan-ikan karang diperoleh melalui visual sensus bawah air yang bersamaan dengan observasi terumbu karang menggunakan point intercept transect. Nilai persentase tutupan karang dan kelimpahan ikan menunjukkan bahwa pada lokasi pengamatan Pulau Bunaken paling baik dibandingan lokasi lainnya. Struktur komunitas ikan karang yang dianalisis dengan indeks ekologi menunjukkan indeks keanekaragaman (H’) di semua site masuk kategori sedang, indeks kesamaan (E) kategori labil dan indeks Dominansi (C) kategori rendah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi komunitas ikan karang masih baik, sekalipun  perubahan struktur komunitas ikan karang menunjukkan kondisi yang menurun dibandingkan tahun 2006, begitu juga tutupan karang yang terus turun dibandingkan tahun 1998 dan 2007. Secara keseluruhan baik ikan karang maupun tutupan karang mengalami penurunan, hal ini diduga terkait dengan tekanan yang dialami kawasan TN. Bunaken. Salah satu tekanan terhadap kawasan adalah jumlah turis dari dalam maupun luar negeri yang semakin meningkat tiap tahunnya, penambahan jumlah penduduk di dalam kawasan, serta beban limbah dan sampah dari Teluk Manado.

Coral reef condition in several dive points around Bunaken Island, North Sulawesi

2014 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Robert Towoliu
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
Integrated Management System ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Condition

In order to know the coral reef conditions at several diving points around Bunaken Island, three dive locations (Ron’s point, Lekuan, and Tawara) were chosen as representative locations receiving pressures from snorkeling and SCUBA diving activities, while  core zone was representative of location for  no diving and fishing activities.  Results showed that location with diving activities had live coral cover  ranging from 16.89% to 45.78% at 3 and 10m depths, with condition range of bad to moderate, while the location for no diving and fishing activities (core zone) had live coral cover of 55.03% at 3m and 58.15% at 10m, respectively,  with good condition category.  The present study indicated that the diving activities have affected the coral reef condition, so that a sustainable integrated management system is needed to use the marine ecotourism potency without degrading the coral reef condition in Bunaken Island. Untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi penyelaman di Pulau Bunaken, tiga lokasi penyelaman(Ron’s point, Lekuan, dan Tawara) dipilih mewakili lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA, sedangkan satu lokasi lainnya yaitu zona inti dipilih mewakili lokasi tanpa aktivitas penyelaman maupun aktivitas penangkapan ikan.  Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup berkisar antara 16,89% - 45,78% pada kedalaman 3 dan 10m, dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang buruk sampai cukup, sedangkan pada lokasi yang tidak memiliki aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup sebesar 53,03% pada 3m dan 58,15% pada 10m dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang adalah baik.  Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA berdampak pada kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken, sehingga sangat diperlukan system pengelolaan yang terpadu dan berkesinambungan dalam memanfaatkan secara maksimal potensi ekowisata bahari tanpa merusak ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken.

scholarly journals Intercommunity interactions and killings in central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) from Loango National Park, Gabon

Primates ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Martínez-Íñigo ◽  
Pauline Baas ◽  
Harmonie Klein ◽  
Simone Pika ◽  
Tobias Deschner
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
National Park ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
Intergroup Interactions ◽  
Killing Rate ◽  
The Core ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Troglodytes

AbstractIntercommunity competition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) has been widely studied in eastern (P. t. schweinfurthii) and western (P. t. verus) communities. Both subspecies show hostility towards neighboring communities but differ in rates of lethal attacks and female involvement. However, relatively little is known about the territorial behavior of the two other subspecies, central (P. t. troglodytes) and Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (P. t. ellioti). Here, we present the first insights into intercommunity interactions of individuals of a community of central chimpanzees living in the Loango National Park in Gabon. The presence of individuals of neighboring communities in the Rekambo home range was assessed using 27 camera traps. Information was compiled on intergroup interactions recorded before (2005–2016) and after (January 2017–June 2019) the habituation of the community. Individuals from neighboring communities entered the core area, where nine out of 16 recorded intercommunity encounters occurred. Males were the main participants in territorial patrols and intercommunity aggressions. Females were part of all six territorial patrols recorded and dependent offspring participated in five patrols. Females were involved in intercommunity aggression in five out of twelve recorded encounters in which there was visual contact between communities. While the intercommunity encounter rate was lower than that reported across most other long-term chimpanzee sites, the annual intercommunity killing rate was among the highest. These results suggest that the frequency of lethal attacks at Loango is comparable to that reported for the eastern subspecies. In contrast, female involvement in intercommunity interactions mirrors that of the western subspecies.

scholarly journals KEPADATAN MEGABENTOS PADA EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN DESA PERLANG BANGKA TENGAH, BANGKA BELITUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Arham Hafidh Akbar ◽  
Sudirman Adibrata ◽  
Wahyu Adi
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Tridacna Maxima ◽  
Belt Transect ◽  
Tridacna Gigas ◽  
Drupella Cornus ◽  
Diadema Setosum

This study aims to analyze the density of megabenthos in coral reef ecosystems in the waters of Perlang Village. This research was conducted in November 2019 in the waters of Perlang Village with the megabentos data collection method using the Bentos Belt Transect (BBT) method based on COREMAP CTI LIPI (2017) with 5 data collection stations. The results found 603 individuals consisting of 9 species from 4 megabenthos families in coral reef ecosystems. Species found at the study site are Diadema setosum, Diadema antillarium (Familli Deadematidae), Drupella cornus, Drupella rugosa (Family Murcidae), Trochus sp, Trochus conus, Tectus pyramis (Family Trochidae), Tridacna gigas, and Tridacna maxima (Family Tridacnidae) . The highest attendance percentage of all stations was obtained by Diadema setosum of 47.93% (289 people). Percentage of live coral cover from 5 observation stations ranged from 57.44% - 91.78%. Observation pensions that received the highest percentage of cover values ​​were at pension 2 with 91.78% in the very good category.

scholarly journals Long-term challenge to mangrove in the National park Xuanthuy – data released from shallow subsidence monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Xuan Thuyen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
National Park ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red River ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
The Core

A small mangrove colony growing for several decades on a mud flat on the left side of Balat River mouth has become today a large and healthy forest, containing a high ecosystem service value in the core of the Red River biosphere reserve. As a pioneer ecosystem located at land– water interface in the tropic, there exist always risks to mangroves, especially due to climate change and sea level rise. Sea level rise is a worldwide process, but subsidence is a local problem that can exacerbate these geo-hazards. A monitoring of shallow subsidence has been carried out by using SET-MH technique (developed by the United States Geological Survey) to track the both accretion and land sinking in the core zone of the National Park. The measurement shows the average sedimentation rate of 2.9 cm / yr and the sinking rate of 3.4 cm / yr, since Dec. 30th 2012. This is the first ground-based observation of shallow subsidence under mangroves in the Tonkin Gulf. As a simple and low cost method, so further expansion of this monitoring could provide more useful information to help identify the generally sinking trend of coastal areas in the Red River Delta and also to protect its own biosphere reserve.

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