scholarly journals Evaluation of an alternative biotreatment for the extraction of harmful iron and sulfur species from waterlogged wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Monachon ◽  
Magdalena Albelda-Berenguer ◽  
Tiziana Lombardo ◽  
Emilie Cornet ◽  
Friederike Moll-Dau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Sulfur Species ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractAn innovative bioextraction method was tested and compared to common chemical extraction for the preservation of waterlogged archeological wood (WAW) artifacts. During burial, WAW artifacts accumulate iron and sulfur species forming iron sulfides. These compounds are harmless in the burial environment, where the oxygen content is low. But upon excavation, the WAW undergoes the oxidation of these compounds, and thus, irreversible physical and chemical damages occur. Fresh and archeological oak and pine samples were selected as representative species of WAW artifacts. Fresh samples were previously artificially contaminated to ascertain the presence of iron and sulfur. Thiobacillus denitrificans and natural iron chelators, called siderophores, were investigated to extract iron and sulfur as a 2-step biological treatment (BT) and compared to sodium persulfate–EDTA as chemical treatment (CT). Consolidation and freeze-drying were performed on the samples after BT and CT as traditional conservation protocols. BT and CT efficiency was evaluated through Raman, inductively coupled plasma–optical emission (ICP-OES), and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. Raman and ICP showed that most of the iron and sulfur was extracted after BT, while some sulfur species remained present on CT samples. None of the extraction methods resulted in a degradation of the wood, as ascertained by FTIR analyses. Yet, all samples presented visual modifications after conservation. Pine samples treated with BT illustrated the oxidation of the species. Present principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) which were selected as statistical approaches and validated BT as a promising alternative extraction method, with encouraging extraction rates and less alteration of the sample appearance.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Standardization and Physicochemical Characterization of Traditional Ayurvedic Marine Drug: Incinerated Conch Shell (Shankha Bhasma)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Sandeep Chavan ◽  
Sonali Tayade ◽  
Vidya Gupta ◽  
Vineeta Deshmukh ◽  
Sadanand Sardeshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Natural resources such as plants, animals and minerals have always been used by mankind to develop drugs and marine world is no exception. Marine by-products like conches, pearls, mother of pearl shells, corals and so forth have been used by traditional Ayurvedic practitioners for centuries. The unique methods of these preparations are scientifically designed to eliminate unwanted impurities and convert them into bioavailable form. In this study, Conch (Xanchus pyrum) was used as a marine resource of calcium carbonate and was converted pharmaceutically from its aragonite form to calcite. All the steps of preparations and changes in the properties therein were documented and validated. Further, traditional as well as modern analytical tools were used to study its physical and chemical characters to develop a monograph. The physical characterization included particle size, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR). Metal composition and heavy metal limits were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICPOES). This study revealed the rearrangement of aragonite crystals into calcite form by grinding, trituration with aloe vera juice and incineration under controlled conditions. Moreover, the finished product was found to be devoid of organic matrix that is nacre. This study creates a foundation for the development of a master formula for commonly used Shankha Bhasma in Ayurvedic medicines.

scholarly journals Geostatistical Distribution and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in the Sediment of Perak River, Malaysia

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdus Salam ◽  
Shujit Chandra Paul ◽  
Farrah Izzaty Shaari ◽  
Aweng Eh Rak ◽  
Rozita Binti Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Geostatistical Prediction ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Heavy metal pollution is one of the major environmental issues in recent decades owing to the rapid increase in urbanisation and industrialisation. Sediments usually act as sinks for heavy metals due to their complex physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms. In this study, heavy metals like lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) and Iron (Fe) in the surface sediment from 15 location (upstream and downstream) on the Perak River, Malaysia were investigated by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The geostatistical prediction map showed the range of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and Fe concentration in upstream area was 14.56–27.0 µg/g, 20–51.27 µg/g, 1.51–3.0 µg/g, 6.6–19.12 µg/g and 20.24–56.58%, respectively, and in downstream areas was 27.6–60.76 µg/g, 49.04–160.5 µg/g, 2.77–4.02 µg/g, 9.82–59.99 µg/g and 31.34–39.5%, respectively. Based on the enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index, Cd was found to be the most dominant pollutant in the study area. Pollution load index, sediment quality guidelines and sediment environmental toxicity quotient data showed that the downstream sediment was more polluted than the upstream sediment in the Perak River. The multivariate analysis showed that Pb, Zn and Cu mainly originated from natural sources with minor contribution from human activities, whereas Fe and Cd originated from various industrial and agricultural activities along the studied area.

Determination of Titanium Content as Principal Components in Pyrotechnic Compositions Used for Fireworks and Firecrackers Based on Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometric Approach (ICP-OES)

2014 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 1010-1014
Author(s):  
Jun Yi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Titanium Content ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Pyrotechnic Compositions

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric approach (ICP-OES) is used to determine the titanium content as principal component in pyrotechnic compositions used for fireworks and firecrackers. Element of titanium is commonly found in titanium powder in pyrotechnic compositions in fireworks and firecrackers. Statistical analysis shows that titanium content in pyrotechnics is between 3% to 25%. Concept of this method: considering the weight of the sample is 400mg,constant volume is 1L and the concentration of titanium is between 1 mg/L to 100 mg/L in sample solution, the determination scope of the method for the titanium content would be between 0.25% to 25%.Further experiments proved that the fitting correlation coefficient of titanium calibration curve is 0.9996 or higher, recovery is 100.06%‒105.30%.The allowable differential value is 0.4% between two single tests under repeatable conditions. This method can completely satisfy the requirements of the fireworks and firecrackers industry with high accuracy and good precision.

scholarly journals Metais e Não-Metais em Sedimentos de um Manguezal Não-Poluído, Ilha do Cardoso, Cananéia (SP)

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
DÉCIO LUIS SEMENSATTO-JR. ◽  
GEÓRGIA CHRISTINA LABUTO ARAÚJO ◽  
ROGÉRIO HIDEKI FERREIRA FUNO ◽  
JOANA SANTA-CRUZ ◽  
DIMAS DIAS-BRITO
Keyword(s):  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Interstitial Water ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Mangrove Sediments ◽  
Seasonal Behavior ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Physical And Chemical Variables ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Upper Boundary

This work aims to assess the spatial distribution and the seasonal behavior of metals, no-metals, physical and chemical variables and provide a pre-impact geochemical scenario from non-polluted mangrove sediments of a transect at the Cardoso Island (Cananéia, São Paulo State, Brazil) extending 340 m long landward. Triplicate samples from eight stations were collected in December 2001 and June 2002. Conductivity, pH, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen from the sediment interstitial water were checked in field using a Horiba U-10 probe. Metals and no-metals concentrations were obtained employing an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP OES) Vista-RL-Varian, radial vision. The sediments reflected two distinct intertidal segments: a “lower plain” (LP) and an “upper plain” (UP). The LP, which comprises the first 100 m landward from the bay, is a muddy environment with higher metal concentration and seasonally more stable than the UP. This latter, extending until the upper boundary of the intertidal zone, is a more oxygenated sandy flat with lower metal concentration. The distinct behavior of the geochemistry pattern observed along the transect in December and June is interpreted as associated with seasonal pluviometric fluctuations. The low metal concentrations denote low anthropogenic interference in the area, one of the most well preserved Brazilian coastal regions. It can be used as reference area to comparative studies involving similar ecosystems and, in the future, to check the environmental state of this mangrove flat.

Characterization of Pottery from Teotihuacan Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 000370282199193
Author(s):  
Hugo Sobral ◽  
Mitzi Amador-Mejía ◽  
Ciro Márquez-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Pottery sherds from Teotihuacan, Mexico, belonging to the Formative and Classic periods (150 BCE–700 CE) were investigated using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). LIBS results show that most of the investigated samples have primarily the same elemental composition. Nevertheless, there are also a few sherds that could be associated to foreign ceramic groups with characteristic concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mn, Rb, and Sr. The relative elemental composition of red pigments applied on ceramic bodies was also analyzed through a LIBS depth profiling. Diverse hematite-based pigments were distinguished according to the detected iron content. Hematite was also combined with red soils with a high relative content of Mn, Sr, Ba, or Ti. The ICP-OES analysis of ceramic pastes is consistent with the emission intensities obtained using LIBS. Principal component analysis indicates that all samples identified as locals belong to a single chemical group. Moreover, locally made ceramics and the analyzed clays from the nearby area have the same elemental composition, which appears clearly differentiated from imported samples.

scholarly journals A Century long of coral records of heavy metals in coastal water of Wakatobi Marine National Park, South East Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 944 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
A A Lubis ◽  
A D P Putra ◽  
U Sugiharto ◽  
Lalang ◽  
N P Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
National Park ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Pneumatic Tool

Abstract Scleractinian corals absorb heavy metals in their skeletons; therefore, corals can be used as environmental recorders due to incorporating certain metals for centuries. The research was conducted in Wakatobi Marine National Park (WMNP) using a core of massive coral Porites Sp. to determine heavy metals’ concentrations and assess the possible impact on the coastal water. The sample was collected by drilling the coral vertically using a pneumatic tool. Annual banding was determined by using x-ray radiography, continued with sub-sampled from each band, and analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) for heavy metals determination. Enrichment Factor (EF) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied for assessing possible impact and differentiating between the heavy metals, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals fluctuated during the period of the year 1917 to 2016, with the average concentration were 0.55 %, 0.07 %, 2.46 ppm, 3.86 ppm, 5.70 ppm, 63.22 ppm, 0.66 ppm, 3.16 ppm, 0.66 ppm, and 42.59 ppm for Sr, Mg, Mn, Ba, Cu, K, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Al, respectively. EF for all heavy metals showed that the coastal area was at the level of very small pollution (EF<2); therefore, it can be used as baseline data.

scholarly journals Caracterização estratigráfica dos depósitos sedimentares cenozoicos da Bacia do Ribeirão Sardinha, porção sul do Quadrilátero Ferrífero (MG), e estabelecimento de background geoquímico

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Rayme Loureiro dos Santos ◽  
Adivane Terezinha Costa
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Quadrilátero Ferrífero ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de levantamentos sedimentológicos e geoquímicos realizados na Bacia do Ribeirão Sardinha, porção sul do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O estudo fundamentou-se na caracterização faciológica de perfis verticais de depósitos de barrancos e terraços e em dados mineralógicos e químicos relacionados às fácies identificadas e aos sedimentos atuais do afluente principal (barras e canal). A amostragem das fácies reconhecidas e dos sedimentos atuais totalizaram 54 amostras. A mineralogia foi obtida via difração de raios X e os dados geoquímicos, através da espectrometria de emissão óptica por plasma acoplado indutivamente (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry — ICP-OES). Os dados químicos foram submetidos a análises de componentes principais (principal component analysis — PCA) e utilizados para a aplicação da técnica Tukey inner fence (TIF), que possibilitou o estabelecimento de valores de background dos seguintes elementos: Fe, Mn, Al, Ba, Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Cr e Co. Os resultados de PCA indicam uma forte relação entre o Mn e os sedimentos atuais do Ribeirão Sardinha. Outros padrões geoquímicos foram realçados pelas altas concentrações de Fe e Mn, relacionadas aos sedimentos arenosos e cascalhosos de barras e canal, e pelos elevados teores de Al e K vinculados aos sedimentos finos constituintes dos depósitos de planícies de inundação e de lagoas de cheia. Os cálculos dos valores de background mostram um valor de referência elevado para o As (32,89 mg/kg) e anomalias referentes às altas concentrações de Al, Cu, Zn, Ni e Cr, sugerindo fontes geogênicas. Por outro lado, anomalias referentes aos valores elevados de Co, Ba e Mn estão relacionadas a fontes antropogênicas. 

scholarly journals Can Minerals Be Used as a Tool to Classify Cinnamon Samples?

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Anna Flavia S. Silva ◽  
Luís Cláudio Martins ◽  
Liz M. B. Moraes ◽  
Isabela C. Gonçalves ◽  
Bianca B. R. de Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Sample Classification

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) is a spice largely consumed worldwide, but there is still restricted information about its fingerprint. This work aimed to investigate the mineral composition as a possible marker for the classification of cinnamon samples. To this aim, the mineral composition (P, S, Mg, Ca, K, Cu, Zn, B, Fe, Al, Mn, and Si contents) of 56 ground cinnamon samples from different regions of the State of São Paulo, Brazil was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES). Principal component analysis was exploited for sample classification, and the microelements presented the best correlation: PC1, PC2, and PC3 explained 93% of the observed variance at 95% confidence level. Si, Al, Fe, and Cu presented the most significant contributions to cluster analysis. Samples were classified into six groups, in which those presenting C. zeylanicum were well clustered, and the samples acquired in bulk as well as those whose labels declared traces of grains and/or spices presented the highest variability. Thus, it was pioneeringly demonstrated the possibility of identifying C. zeylanicum in commercial cinnamon powders, using microelements as authenticity markers.

scholarly journals Integration of Statistical Models and Computer Simulation in Environmental Accidents: A Study on Leakage of Red Mud in the Pará River, Amazon, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro de Sousa Jr. ◽  
Simone Pereira ◽  
Ronaldo Rocha ◽  
Mateus Alves ◽  
Luciana Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Environmental Accidents ◽  
Computer Simulation Models

The introduction of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from industrial activities in water bodies, highlights the vulnerability of the environment and the need for actions focused on the implementation of mechanisms that help in the control and remediation of these impacts. The objective of the study was based on the integration of instrumental analytical methods, multivariate statistics, and computer simulation models, with the proposal of implementing realistic scenarios of the red mud plume behavior in the Pará River. The selected location was the municipality of Barcarena-PA, where is located an important alumina/aluminum industrial center. With the aid of the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP OES), the chemical elements Al, B, Cr, Fe, Mn, P, Ti, and Zn were quantified and the principal component analysis (PCA) allowed to select Al, B, Fe, P, and Zn as the most relevant with 98.68% of the accumulated variance. Some scenarios were proposed by the simulated hydrodynamic model, which evidenced that the Trambioca community would be the most affected in the first 13 h after the effluent overflowed, and the other locations in domino effect. The main scientific gain of the proposal is the possibility of the predictive scenarios to help the actions of containment and mitigation of environmental damages by public control agencies, institutions involved, and other competent bodies.

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