scholarly journals Integration of Statistical Models and Computer Simulation in Environmental Accidents: A Study on Leakage of Red Mud in the Pará River, Amazon, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro de Sousa Jr. ◽  
Simone Pereira ◽  
Ronaldo Rocha ◽  
Mateus Alves ◽  
Luciana Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Environmental Accidents ◽  
Computer Simulation Models

The introduction of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from industrial activities in water bodies, highlights the vulnerability of the environment and the need for actions focused on the implementation of mechanisms that help in the control and remediation of these impacts. The objective of the study was based on the integration of instrumental analytical methods, multivariate statistics, and computer simulation models, with the proposal of implementing realistic scenarios of the red mud plume behavior in the Pará River. The selected location was the municipality of Barcarena-PA, where is located an important alumina/aluminum industrial center. With the aid of the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP OES), the chemical elements Al, B, Cr, Fe, Mn, P, Ti, and Zn were quantified and the principal component analysis (PCA) allowed to select Al, B, Fe, P, and Zn as the most relevant with 98.68% of the accumulated variance. Some scenarios were proposed by the simulated hydrodynamic model, which evidenced that the Trambioca community would be the most affected in the first 13 h after the effluent overflowed, and the other locations in domino effect. The main scientific gain of the proposal is the possibility of the predictive scenarios to help the actions of containment and mitigation of environmental damages by public control agencies, institutions involved, and other competent bodies.

Determination of Titanium Content as Principal Components in Pyrotechnic Compositions Used for Fireworks and Firecrackers Based on Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometric Approach (ICP-OES)

2014 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 1010-1014
Author(s):  
Jun Yi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Titanium Content ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Pyrotechnic Compositions

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric approach (ICP-OES) is used to determine the titanium content as principal component in pyrotechnic compositions used for fireworks and firecrackers. Element of titanium is commonly found in titanium powder in pyrotechnic compositions in fireworks and firecrackers. Statistical analysis shows that titanium content in pyrotechnics is between 3% to 25%. Concept of this method: considering the weight of the sample is 400mg,constant volume is 1L and the concentration of titanium is between 1 mg/L to 100 mg/L in sample solution, the determination scope of the method for the titanium content would be between 0.25% to 25%.Further experiments proved that the fitting correlation coefficient of titanium calibration curve is 0.9996 or higher, recovery is 100.06%‒105.30%.The allowable differential value is 0.4% between two single tests under repeatable conditions. This method can completely satisfy the requirements of the fireworks and firecrackers industry with high accuracy and good precision.

scholarly journals Are Zirconia Bioceramics and Ceramics Intended to Come in Contact with Skin Inert?

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Lucien Reclaru ◽  
Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean ◽  
Catalin Adrian Miu ◽  
Alexandru Florian Grecu
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Zirconia Ceramics ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Monoclinic Form ◽  
To Come

Generally speaking, ceramic materials are insensitive to corrosion, compared to most other materials. The present study questions the fact that ceramics are inert. Two major aspects are to be considered: the stability of zirconia over time, the stable tetragonal phase transforming into an unstable monoclinic form; the multitude of manufacturing methods, using various additives, sintering additives, oxides mixing, impurities, grain boundaries, and porosities which strongly influence the corrosion behavior and chemical degradation. In case of the investigated ceramics two paths were pursued:a) Dissolutions of ceramics in a mixture of HNO3 60% and HF 40% ultrapure medium.b) Release of cations from ceramics in various mediums:dental bioceramics in a 0.07 M HCl medium and a 0.1% NaF+0.1% KF medium; ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications in a HCl 0.07 M medium and an artificial sweat medium. By inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ICP-OES/MS), traces of significant chemical elements were assessed: Hf, Cr, Y, As, Pb, Al, Fe, Cu, Se, Sb, La, Ni, Co, Sb, Ta, Te, Ba, Sm, Nb, Hg, Cd, Sr, As and Se. In ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications the concentrations found vary from one ceramic to another, including toxic elements such as Te, Ba, As, Pb, Sm, Hg and Cd, therefore being technical zirconia ceramics which are not intended for the medical field. For ceramics used in jewelry and watchmaking applications a screening identification test for Ni, Co, Cu and Fe with strips of type Merckoquant® (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) was also performed. The obtained data prove that the zirconia ceramics in question are far from being “inert”.

Characterization of Pottery from Teotihuacan Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 000370282199193
Author(s):  
Hugo Sobral ◽  
Mitzi Amador-Mejía ◽  
Ciro Márquez-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Pottery sherds from Teotihuacan, Mexico, belonging to the Formative and Classic periods (150 BCE–700 CE) were investigated using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). LIBS results show that most of the investigated samples have primarily the same elemental composition. Nevertheless, there are also a few sherds that could be associated to foreign ceramic groups with characteristic concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mn, Rb, and Sr. The relative elemental composition of red pigments applied on ceramic bodies was also analyzed through a LIBS depth profiling. Diverse hematite-based pigments were distinguished according to the detected iron content. Hematite was also combined with red soils with a high relative content of Mn, Sr, Ba, or Ti. The ICP-OES analysis of ceramic pastes is consistent with the emission intensities obtained using LIBS. Principal component analysis indicates that all samples identified as locals belong to a single chemical group. Moreover, locally made ceramics and the analyzed clays from the nearby area have the same elemental composition, which appears clearly differentiated from imported samples.

scholarly journals A Century long of coral records of heavy metals in coastal water of Wakatobi Marine National Park, South East Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 944 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
A A Lubis ◽  
A D P Putra ◽  
U Sugiharto ◽  
Lalang ◽  
N P Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
National Park ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Pneumatic Tool

Abstract Scleractinian corals absorb heavy metals in their skeletons; therefore, corals can be used as environmental recorders due to incorporating certain metals for centuries. The research was conducted in Wakatobi Marine National Park (WMNP) using a core of massive coral Porites Sp. to determine heavy metals’ concentrations and assess the possible impact on the coastal water. The sample was collected by drilling the coral vertically using a pneumatic tool. Annual banding was determined by using x-ray radiography, continued with sub-sampled from each band, and analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) for heavy metals determination. Enrichment Factor (EF) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied for assessing possible impact and differentiating between the heavy metals, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals fluctuated during the period of the year 1917 to 2016, with the average concentration were 0.55 %, 0.07 %, 2.46 ppm, 3.86 ppm, 5.70 ppm, 63.22 ppm, 0.66 ppm, 3.16 ppm, 0.66 ppm, and 42.59 ppm for Sr, Mg, Mn, Ba, Cu, K, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Al, respectively. EF for all heavy metals showed that the coastal area was at the level of very small pollution (EF<2); therefore, it can be used as baseline data.

scholarly journals Caracterização estratigráfica dos depósitos sedimentares cenozoicos da Bacia do Ribeirão Sardinha, porção sul do Quadrilátero Ferrífero (MG), e estabelecimento de background geoquímico

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Rayme Loureiro dos Santos ◽  
Adivane Terezinha Costa
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Quadrilátero Ferrífero ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de levantamentos sedimentológicos e geoquímicos realizados na Bacia do Ribeirão Sardinha, porção sul do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O estudo fundamentou-se na caracterização faciológica de perfis verticais de depósitos de barrancos e terraços e em dados mineralógicos e químicos relacionados às fácies identificadas e aos sedimentos atuais do afluente principal (barras e canal). A amostragem das fácies reconhecidas e dos sedimentos atuais totalizaram 54 amostras. A mineralogia foi obtida via difração de raios X e os dados geoquímicos, através da espectrometria de emissão óptica por plasma acoplado indutivamente (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry — ICP-OES). Os dados químicos foram submetidos a análises de componentes principais (principal component analysis — PCA) e utilizados para a aplicação da técnica Tukey inner fence (TIF), que possibilitou o estabelecimento de valores de background dos seguintes elementos: Fe, Mn, Al, Ba, Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Cr e Co. Os resultados de PCA indicam uma forte relação entre o Mn e os sedimentos atuais do Ribeirão Sardinha. Outros padrões geoquímicos foram realçados pelas altas concentrações de Fe e Mn, relacionadas aos sedimentos arenosos e cascalhosos de barras e canal, e pelos elevados teores de Al e K vinculados aos sedimentos finos constituintes dos depósitos de planícies de inundação e de lagoas de cheia. Os cálculos dos valores de background mostram um valor de referência elevado para o As (32,89 mg/kg) e anomalias referentes às altas concentrações de Al, Cu, Zn, Ni e Cr, sugerindo fontes geogênicas. Por outro lado, anomalias referentes aos valores elevados de Co, Ba e Mn estão relacionadas a fontes antropogênicas. 

scholarly journals Can Minerals Be Used as a Tool to Classify Cinnamon Samples?

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Anna Flavia S. Silva ◽  
Luís Cláudio Martins ◽  
Liz M. B. Moraes ◽  
Isabela C. Gonçalves ◽  
Bianca B. R. de Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Sample Classification

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) is a spice largely consumed worldwide, but there is still restricted information about its fingerprint. This work aimed to investigate the mineral composition as a possible marker for the classification of cinnamon samples. To this aim, the mineral composition (P, S, Mg, Ca, K, Cu, Zn, B, Fe, Al, Mn, and Si contents) of 56 ground cinnamon samples from different regions of the State of São Paulo, Brazil was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES). Principal component analysis was exploited for sample classification, and the microelements presented the best correlation: PC1, PC2, and PC3 explained 93% of the observed variance at 95% confidence level. Si, Al, Fe, and Cu presented the most significant contributions to cluster analysis. Samples were classified into six groups, in which those presenting C. zeylanicum were well clustered, and the samples acquired in bulk as well as those whose labels declared traces of grains and/or spices presented the highest variability. Thus, it was pioneeringly demonstrated the possibility of identifying C. zeylanicum in commercial cinnamon powders, using microelements as authenticity markers.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals Analysis and Minerals Present in the dried used as spices: Health Risk Implication in Northern of Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2006-2013
Author(s):  
Ramal Ahmed Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

In this study, total concentrations of eleven chemical elements (Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Na, Mn, Ni, Zn, P and Mg) in common spices of Kalar city- Iraq were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. This study indicates that spices are a good source of a combination of Ca, K, Na, P and Mg. The spices, Curcuma longa, Nigella Sativa and Elettaria cardamomum were found to be very good sources of essential trace elements like Fe, Zn and Mn. The concentrations of the all elements were within the WHO and FAO permissible levels. Therefore, health risks associated with these elements indicate that people would experience no potential risks due to consumption of the spices. Preliminary screening of phytochemicals has found plenty of secondary metabolites which are present in dry plant samples. EDI values of all the metals were found to be below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI).The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the most relevant and recent findings on spices and their active compounds in terms of targets and mode of action; in particular, their potential use in food preservation and enhancement of shelf life as a natural bio ingredient. Keywords: Spices, phytochemicals, food preservative, Minerals, Ash digestion, inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES.

scholarly journals Effects of Model, Method of Collection, and Topography on Chemical Elements and Metals in the Aerosol of Tank-Style Electronic Cigarettes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Williams ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Prue Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Model Method ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Titanium Vanadium

Abstract Our purpose was to examine the effect of model, puffing topography (voltage, air-flow, puff interval), and method of collection on 19 elements/metals in aerosols from six tank-style electronic cigarettes (EC). Aerosols were collected from six brands using a cold trap or impinger and various puffing topographies. 19 elements were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. 16 elements/metals were present and quantified in the aerosols. The total concentrations of elements/metals ranged from 43 to 3,138 µg/L with the impinger method of collection and 226 to 6,767 µg/L with the cold trap method. The concentrations of individual elements were often similar across brands and across topographies. Some elements (e.g., zinc) were present in most aerosols, while others (e.g., cadmium, titanium, vanadium) were rarely found. Concentrations of some elements (e.g., lead) increased in aerosols as voltage/power increased. The model with fewest metal parts in the atomizer had the fewest metals in its aerosols. Most elements/metals in the aerosols have been found previously in the atomizers of EC. All tank-style aerosols had elements/metals that appeared to originate in the atomizers, and concentrations increased with increasing power. Concentrations of some elements were high enough to be a health concern.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Microelements, Phenolics as well as Antioxidant Activity in Local, Homemade Wines from North-East Greece

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
Adriana Skendi ◽  
Maria Papageorgiou ◽  
Stefanos Stefanou
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
North East ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

The present study is aimed to analyze the composition of microelements in wines prepared by amateur winemakers in Drama region (recognized as Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)), especially the toxic ones, as well as the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of these wines since moderate wine consumption may contribute to health benefits to the consumers. A total of twenty-four wines, comprising sixteen red and eight white, were tested. The micro and macroelements were determined with ICP-OES (Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry). Chromatic characteristics of wines and total phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as their antioxidant activity with three different assays were determined spectrophotometrically. The amateur’s wines showed levels of contaminants with toxic metals less than the limits set from the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV). Moreover, toxic metals concentrations were comparable to those of European wines. The Principal Component Analysis discriminated wines into white and red and further distinguished the red wine into two groups depending on the Total Flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and color intensity. The moderate consumption of amateur wines can be recommended since their consumption is not harmful to the health, and they contain high amount of phenolics and flavonoids comparable or even higher to that of commercial wines.

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