scholarly journals A Two-Stage Combining Classifier Model for the Development of Adaptive Dialog Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Griol ◽  
José Antonio Iglesias ◽  
Agapito Ledezma ◽  
Araceli Sanchis
Keyword(s):  
Training Data ◽  
System Response ◽  
Dialog Systems ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Dialog System ◽  
Spoken Dialog System ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

This paper proposes a statistical framework to develop user-adapted spoken dialog systems. The proposed framework integrates two main models. The first model is used to predict the user’s intention during the dialog. The second model uses this prediction and the history of dialog up to the current moment to predict the next system response. This prediction is performed with an ensemble-based classifier trained for each of the tasks considered, so that a better selection of the next system can be attained weighting the outputs of these specialized classifiers. The codification of the information and the definition of data structures to store the data supplied by the user throughout the dialog makes the estimation of the models from the training data and practical domains manageable. We describe our proposal and its application and detailed evaluation in a practical spoken dialog system.

An Effective Solution to Regression Problem by RBF Neuron Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Thi Thu Hien ◽  
Hoang Xuan Huan ◽  
Le Xuan Minh Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Function ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Neuron Network ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Regression Problem ◽  
Rbf Network ◽  
Network Training ◽  
Hidden Layer ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

Radial Basis Function (RBF) neuron network is being applied widely in multivariate function regression. However, selection of neuron number for hidden layer and definition of suitable centre in order to produce a good regression network are still open problems which have been researched by many people. This article proposes to apply grid equally space nodes as the centre of hidden layer. Then, the authors use k-nearest neighbour method to define the value of regression function at the center and an interpolation RBF network training algorithm with equally spaced nodes to train the network. The experiments show the outstanding efficiency of regression function when the training data has Gauss white noise.

scholarly journals No evidence for a bovine mastitis Escherichia coli pathotype

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Leimbach ◽  
Anja Poehlein ◽  
John Vollmers ◽  
Dennis Göerlich ◽  
Rolf Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
E Coli ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractBackgroundEscherichia coli bovine mastitis is a disease of significant economic importance in the dairy industry. Molecular characterization of mastitis-associated E. coli (MAEC) did not result in the identification of common traits. Nevertheless, a mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) pathotype has been proposed suggesting virulence traits that differentiate MAEC from commensal E. coli. The present study was designed to investigate the MPEC pathotype hypothesis by comparing the genomes of MAEC and commensal bovine E. coli.ResultsWe sequenced the genomes of eight E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis cases and six fecal commensal isolates from udder-healthy cows. We analyzed the phylogenetic history of bovine E. coli genomes by supplementing this strain panel with eleven bovine-associated E. coli from public databases. The majority of the isolates originate from phylogroups A and B1, but neither MAEC nor commensal strains could be unambiguously distinguished by phylogenetic lineage. The gene content of both MAEC and commensal strains is highly diverse and dominated by their phylogenetic background. Although individual strains carry some typical E. coli virulence-associated genes, no traits important for pathogenicity could be specifically attributed to MAEC. Instead, both commensal strains and MAEC have very few gene families enriched in either pathotype. Only the aerobactin siderophore gene cluster was enriched in commensal E. coli within our strain panel.ConclusionsThis is the first characterization of a phylogenetically diverse strain panel including several MAEC and commensal isolates. With our comparative genomics approach we could not confirm previous studies that argue for a positive selection of specific traits enabling MAEC to elicit bovine mastitis. Instead, MAEC are facultative and opportunistic pathogens recruited from the highly diverse bovine gastrointestinal microbiota. Virulence-associated genes implicated in mastitis are a by-product of commensalism with the primary function to enhance fitness in the bovine gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, we put the definition of the MPEC pathotype into question and suggest to designate corresponding isolates as MAEC.

scholarly journals Constructionist Perspective of Organizational Data Mining

2005 ◽  
pp. 535-539
Author(s):  
Isabel Ramos ◽  
João Álvaro Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Organizational Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Root ◽  
Organizational Knowledge Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

Scientific or organizational knowledge creation has been addressed from different perspectives along the history of science and, in particular, of social sciences. The process is guided by the set of values, beliefs and norms shared by the members of the community to which the creator of this knowledge belongs, that is, it is guided by the adopted paradigm (Lincoln & Guba, 2000). The adopted paradigm determines how the nature of the studied reality is understood, the criteria that will be used to assess the validity of the created knowledge, and the construction and selection of methods, techniques and tools to structure and support the creation of knowledge. This set of ontological, epistemological, and methodological assumptions that characterize the paradigm one implicitly or explicitly uses to make sense of the surrounding reality is the cultural root of the intellectual enterprises. Those assumptions constrain the accomplishment of activities such as construction of theories, definition of inquiry strategies, interpretation of perceived phenomena, and dissemination of knowledge (Schwandt, 2000).

scholarly journals A Two-Step Neural Dialog State Tracker for Task-Oriented Dialog Processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A-Yeong Kim ◽  
Hyun-Je Song ◽  
Seong-Bae Park
Keyword(s):  
Attention Mechanism ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dialog Systems ◽  
Dialog System ◽  
Fast Training ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Spoken Dialog System ◽  
State Tracking ◽  
Dialog State Tracking ◽  
Task Oriented

Dialog state tracking in a spoken dialog system is the task that tracks the flow of a dialog and identifies accurately what a user wants from the utterance. Since the success of a dialog is influenced by the ability of the system to catch the requirements of the user, accurate state tracking is important for spoken dialog systems. This paper proposes a two-step neural dialog state tracker which is composed of an informativeness classifier and a neural tracker. The informativeness classifier which is implemented by a CNN first filters out noninformative utterances in a dialog. Then, the neural tracker estimates dialog states from the remaining informative utterances. The tracker adopts the attention mechanism and the hierarchical softmax for its performance and fast training. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed model, we do experiments on dialog state tracking in the human-human task-oriented dialogs with the standard DSTC4 data set. Our experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed model by showing that the proposed model outperforms the neural trackers without the informativeness classifier, the attention mechanism, or the hierarchical softmax.

scholarly journals Constructionist Perspective of Organizational Data Mining

2008 ◽  
pp. 2296-2301
Author(s):  
Isabel Ramos ◽  
João Álvaro Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Organizational Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Root ◽  
Organizational Knowledge Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

Scientific or organizational knowledge creation has been addressed from different perspectives along the history of science and, in particular, of social sciences. The process is guided by the set of values, beliefs and norms shared by the members of the community to which the creator of this knowledge belongs, that is, it is guided by the adopted paradigm (Lincoln & Guba, 2000). The adopted paradigm determines how the nature of the studied reality is understood, the criteria that will be used to assess the validity of the created knowledge, and the construction and selection of methods, techniques and tools to structure and support the creation of knowledge. This set of ontological, epistemological, and methodological assumptions that characterize the paradigm one implicitly or explicitly uses to make sense of the surrounding reality is the cultural root of the intellectual enterprises. Those assumptions constrain the accomplishment of activities such as construction of theories, definition of inquiry strategies, interpretation of perceived phenomena, and dissemination of knowledge (Schwandt, 2000).

scholarly journals CONTEMPORARY ART IN THE CONTEXT OF TEACHING PRACTICES: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
N.V. Shmeleva ◽  
A.K. Saimiddinov
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
University Education ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Art Teaching ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Or History ◽  
Selection Of

The article considers the status of contemporary art in the system of university education, addresses the need for determine the boundaries of art in the framework of pedagogical practice, offers methods of analysis of contemporary art, because such university courses as "World Art Studies" (WAS) and "History of Art" have a number of specific features. Firstly, a work of art is often presented as a cultural text with significant axiological meaning and considered as a history of the development of art, but not as art itself. Secondly, the logic of teaching requires the definition of clearer tools for the selection of studied works of art. Also, the teaching methods such disciplines as "WAS" or "History of Art" are closely intertwined with methods of analyzing the existing empirical base in the field of contemporary (or near modern) art. Teaching of artistic culture of the twentieth century, as a rule, rests in an insufficient understanding of the specifics of creative practices of the Modern and Postmodern eras (if you use some kind of common periodicals), therefore, often, extrapolating an established didactic platform relating exclusively to classical art is clearly not enough.

scholarly journals Exploring Personalized Neural Conversational Models

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satwik Kottur ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Vitor Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Dialogue Model ◽  
Dialog Systems ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Recent Advancement

Modeling dialog systems is currently one of the most active problems in Natural Language Processing. Recent advancement in Deep Learning has sparked an interest in the use of neural networks in modeling language, particularly for personalized conversational agents that can retain contextual information during dialog exchanges. This work carefully explores and compares several of the recently proposed neural conversation models, and carries out a detailed evaluation on the multiple factors that can significantly affect predictive performance, such as pretraining, embedding training, data cleaning, diversity reranking, evaluation setting, etc. Based on the tradeoffs of different models, we propose a new generative dialogue model conditioned on speakers as well as context history that outperforms all previous models on both retrieval and generative metrics. Our findings indicate that pretraining speaker embeddings on larger datasets, as well as bootstrapping word and speaker embeddings, can significantly improve performance (up to 3 points in perplexity), and that promoting diversity in using Mutual Information based techniques has a very strong effect in ranking metrics.

Noise adaptive spoken dialog system based on selection of multiple dialog strategies

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinori Ito ◽  
Takanobu Oba ◽  
Takashi Konashi ◽  
Motoyuki Suzuki ◽  
Shozo Makino
Keyword(s):  
Dialog System ◽  
Spoken Dialog System ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Concept Type Prediction and Responsive Adaptation in a Dialogue System

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Stoyanchev ◽  
Amanda J. Stent
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Language Model ◽  
Dialogue System ◽  
Dialog Systems ◽  
Language Model Adaptation ◽  
Dialog System ◽  
Spoken Dialog System ◽  
Type Classification ◽  
Concept Type

Responsive adaptation in spoken dialog systems involves a change in dialog system behavior in response to a user or a dialog situation. In this paper we address responsive adaptation in the automatic speech recognition (ASR) module of a spoken dialog system. We hypothesize that information about the content of a user utterance may help improve speech recognition for the utterance. We use a two-step process to test this hypothesis: first, we automatically predict the task-relevant concept types likely to be present in a user utterance using features from the dialog context and from the output of first-pass ASR of the utterance; and then, we adapt the ASR's language model to the predicted content of the user's utterance and run a second pass of ASR. We show that: (1) it is possible to achieve high accuracy in determining presence or absence of particular concept types in a post-confirmation utterance; and (2) 2-pass speech recognition with concept type classification and language model adaptation can lead to improved speech recognition performance for post-confirmation utterances.

scholarly journals THE CULTURAL COMMENTARY METHOD IN STUDY OF A COMPOSER'S CREATIVE BIOGRAPHY (BY THE EXAMPLE OF M. GLINKA’S MEMOIRS HERITAGE)

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6(46)) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Kateryna Pavelko
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
History Of Formation ◽  
Current Experience ◽  
Selection Of

The history of formation of the cultural commentary principle, an effective scientific method used in study of various texts, is discussed in the article. The current experience in its use in literary criticism, musicology and musical culturology is analyzed herein. The own definition of this method is offered. Prospects for this methodological tool in researches of the composers’ creative biographies are specified by the example of studying the memoir heritage of M. Glinka. Referring to the cultural commentary while studying M. Glinka’s memoirs involves many different sources for proper understanding of the described details of the composer’s life, which at first sight are not related to his creative activity. This approach helps expand the selection of facts for commenting and include information, earlier left beyond vision of musicologists and culturologists. Commenting on the outstanding composers’ memoirs is a peculiar way of knowing the musicians’ personality, an opportunity to dive deeper into the past, to find meanings hidden under the surface of the text.

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