THE CULTURAL COMMENTARY METHOD IN STUDY OF A COMPOSER'S CREATIVE BIOGRAPHY (BY THE EXAMPLE OF M. GLINKA’S MEMOIRS HERITAGE)

The history of formation of the cultural commentary principle, an effective scientific method used in study of various texts, is discussed in the article. The current experience in its use in literary criticism, musicology and musical culturology is analyzed herein. The own definition of this method is offered. Prospects for this methodological tool in researches of the composers’ creative biographies are specified by the example of studying the memoir heritage of M. Glinka. Referring to the cultural commentary while studying M. Glinka’s memoirs involves many different sources for proper understanding of the described details of the composer’s life, which at first sight are not related to his creative activity. This approach helps expand the selection of facts for commenting and include information, earlier left beyond vision of musicologists and culturologists. Commenting on the outstanding composers’ memoirs is a peculiar way of knowing the musicians’ personality, an opportunity to dive deeper into the past, to find meanings hidden under the surface of the text.

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No evidence for a bovine mastitis Escherichia coli pathotype

10.1101/096479 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Leimbach ◽

Anja Poehlein ◽

John Vollmers ◽

Dennis Göerlich ◽

Rolf Daniel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Gene Families ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

E Coli ◽

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

Selection Of

AbstractBackgroundEscherichia coli bovine mastitis is a disease of significant economic importance in the dairy industry. Molecular characterization of mastitis-associated E. coli (MAEC) did not result in the identification of common traits. Nevertheless, a mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) pathotype has been proposed suggesting virulence traits that differentiate MAEC from commensal E. coli. The present study was designed to investigate the MPEC pathotype hypothesis by comparing the genomes of MAEC and commensal bovine E. coli.ResultsWe sequenced the genomes of eight E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis cases and six fecal commensal isolates from udder-healthy cows. We analyzed the phylogenetic history of bovine E. coli genomes by supplementing this strain panel with eleven bovine-associated E. coli from public databases. The majority of the isolates originate from phylogroups A and B1, but neither MAEC nor commensal strains could be unambiguously distinguished by phylogenetic lineage. The gene content of both MAEC and commensal strains is highly diverse and dominated by their phylogenetic background. Although individual strains carry some typical E. coli virulence-associated genes, no traits important for pathogenicity could be specifically attributed to MAEC. Instead, both commensal strains and MAEC have very few gene families enriched in either pathotype. Only the aerobactin siderophore gene cluster was enriched in commensal E. coli within our strain panel.ConclusionsThis is the first characterization of a phylogenetically diverse strain panel including several MAEC and commensal isolates. With our comparative genomics approach we could not confirm previous studies that argue for a positive selection of specific traits enabling MAEC to elicit bovine mastitis. Instead, MAEC are facultative and opportunistic pathogens recruited from the highly diverse bovine gastrointestinal microbiota. Virulence-associated genes implicated in mastitis are a by-product of commensalism with the primary function to enhance fitness in the bovine gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, we put the definition of the MPEC pathotype into question and suggest to designate corresponding isolates as MAEC.

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Constructionist Perspective of Organizational Data Mining

Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch094 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 535-539

Author(s):

Isabel Ramos ◽

João Álvaro Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Data Mining ◽

History Of Science ◽

Knowledge Creation ◽

Organizational Knowledge ◽

Cultural Root ◽

Organizational Knowledge Creation ◽

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

Selection Of

Scientific or organizational knowledge creation has been addressed from different perspectives along the history of science and, in particular, of social sciences. The process is guided by the set of values, beliefs and norms shared by the members of the community to which the creator of this knowledge belongs, that is, it is guided by the adopted paradigm (Lincoln & Guba, 2000). The adopted paradigm determines how the nature of the studied reality is understood, the criteria that will be used to assess the validity of the created knowledge, and the construction and selection of methods, techniques and tools to structure and support the creation of knowledge. This set of ontological, epistemological, and methodological assumptions that characterize the paradigm one implicitly or explicitly uses to make sense of the surrounding reality is the cultural root of the intellectual enterprises. Those assumptions constrain the accomplishment of activities such as construction of theories, definition of inquiry strategies, interpretation of perceived phenomena, and dissemination of knowledge (Schwandt, 2000).

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The German statistical category “migration background”: Historical roots, revisions and shortcomings

Ethnicities ◽

10.1177/1468796819833437 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 535-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Anne-Kathrin Will

Keyword(s):

Household Survey ◽

Second World War ◽

Migration Background ◽

Turn Of The Millennium ◽

Mandatory Participation ◽

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

National Membership ◽

Second World ◽

Different Sources

The term “migration background” is commonly used in Germany today, but this neologism is only 20 years old. As an official category, it is even much younger. There has been only little research concerning the new population category, which emerged around the turn of the millennium. Thus, the question how the “migration background” could become the central category describing migration related diversity in Germany is not answered yet. This article fills this gap by exploring the context of the emergence of the “migration background” including the history of ethnic categories in German official statistics. It describes the actual definition of a “migration background” which became an official category in 2007 when the German Federal Statistical Office started publishing data regarding “the population with a migration background” based on the microcensus, a 1% household survey with mandatory participation. The central questions are: how national membership is imagined, how is it inscribed in definitions, and what adaptions had to be made over time? To answer these questions, different sources as questionnaires, publications of results of the microcensus and national reports on children and youth are analysed. Using interpretative methods, it is shown how a new taxonomy of the population in Germany was created, how it was influenced by international and national educational research, and to which extent it reshaped the perspectives on newcomers and natives. It is shown that the new category is tightly bound to citizenship and summarizes a number of older ethnic categories, but excludes also immigrated Germans who immigrated shortly after Second World War and from the former German Democratic Republic. Therefore, the label “migration background” is misleading because inherited citizenship and ancestry is in the centre of the definition rather than migration experience.

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AL-FARABI’S PHILOSOPHY OF MUSIC

Al-Farabi ◽

10.48010/2021.2/1999-5911.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 3-17

Author(s):

Nurysheva Gulzhikhan ◽

◽

Tercan Nurfer ◽

Keyword(s):

Scientific Method ◽

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

Scientific Practice ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Emotional Reactions ◽

Philosophy Of Music ◽

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

Shed Light ◽

Intellectual Climate

Scientists propose to understand the effect of music on the human psyche, knowledge about the soul, science, metaphysics, and spheres. At the center of all these discussions, we assume researchers are not focusing on how music triggers emotions. In this century we live in, most writers agree that this is the most crucial issue. Today’s researchers want to know why music creates strong emotional reactions in people with scientific explanations. Our study aims to find answers to today’s questions between the 9th and 10th centuries, indicated as the golden age of Islamic culture. We aimed to shed light on the answers to the questions of today’s researchers about the effect of music on the human soul. This article focuses on the second teacher’s approach to cosmology and how the various sciences contribute to the study of the heavens. After a survey of the sources available to Al Farabi, which helps to contextualise his work in light of the Greek legacy and the Arabic intellectual climate of his day, authors define his conception of the scientific method and to show the relation between scientific practice and theory. With a multidisciplinary approach to the history of philosophy and astronomy, Al Farabi’s philosophy of music contributes to physics, metaphysics and astronomy. As a result, our article contains the formulation of innovative, philosophical musical ideas. It is an effort that emerged in the formulation of Al Farabi’s Ptolemaic astronomy. The guiding subject of our research provided a holistic approach to the Aristotelian and Neoplatonic theories that complement each other. Adopting this perspective allows for a broader study of music within a particular culture or situation. The article examines ‘Kitab Al Musiqa’ research in the light of a definition of music that embraces the diversity of music using universal methods. Music is a significant and integral dimension of human improvement.

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Constructionist Perspective of Organizational Data Mining

Data Warehousing and Mining ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-951-9.ch137 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 2296-2301

Author(s):

Isabel Ramos ◽

João Álvaro Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Data Mining ◽

History Of Science ◽

Knowledge Creation ◽

Organizational Knowledge ◽

Cultural Root ◽

Organizational Knowledge Creation ◽

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

Selection Of

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THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE CONCEPT ESSENSE THE OF «SPEECH MANIPULATION» IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE

Odessa National University Herald. Series: Philology ◽

10.18524/2307-8332.2020.2(22).235230 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2(22)) ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

Hanna Truba ◽

Sofiia Grechka

Keyword(s):

Political Discourse ◽

Political Leader ◽

Proper Understanding ◽

Political Interests ◽

Different Types ◽

Nature Of Information ◽

Definition Of ◽

Linguistic Approaches ◽

Selection Of

Knowledge of the laws of manipulation, analysis of the mechanism of this phenomenon in conjunction with a proper understanding of the state and demands of society can help any political leader in the struggle for power and the promotion of their own political interests. The key to successful manipulation in political discourse is the realization of the paramount importance of the ultimate goal. Depending on it, the strategy, tactics and methods of manipulation will be chosen. Careful selection of linguistictools will help to keep manipulative processes out of the realm of awareness and ensure their effective effectiveness. Manipulation is understood as hidden coercion, programming of thoughts, intentions, feelings, and so on. The main purpose of manipulation is to create a profitable policy of the world in the minds of potential voters and reduce the ability of recipients to think critically, creating the illusion of free choice and more. Language manipulation should be understood as the purposeful use of thepeculiarities of language use, which contributes to the emergence in the minds of recipients of illusions and delusions that motivate him to act in a way that is beneficial to the manipulator. It should be noted that any successfully completed communication in which the speaker does not express his intentions openly, is a successful act of language manipulation. The very phenomenon of manipulation in political discourse is given a special place, as it can cause long-term consequences and have a strongeffect on society. Obviously, further study of the phenomenon of manipulation in the linguopragmatic aspect is needed, describing not only the different types of manipulative influence, but also how they contribute to the success / failure of policies and for what reason one or another effect is achieved. The main approaches to the definition of "speech manipulation" and highlights and systematizes the dominant approaches inthe Ukrainian scientific linguistic tradition to it, namely: narrow and broad approaches, and at the same time considers scientific linguistic approaches that consider speech manipulation from different angles. . The main focus is on different classification approaches to this issue, as well as the main criteria for classifying types of speech manipulation (by the nature of the interaction of the addressee and the addressee; by the criterion of awareness of speech actions of the addressee and the addressee; by theorientation of the addressee; by the nature of information transformations) . Modern approaches to their delimitation are highlighted. At the same time, the levels at which speech manipulation is performed (phonetic, lexical and grammatical) are considered.

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SMALL BUSINESS IN UDMURTIA: HISTORY OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT, ROLE IN THE REGIONAL ECONOMY AT THE PRESENT STAGE

Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law ◽

10.35634/2412-9593-2020-30-5-679-688 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 679-688

Author(s):

S.V. Radygina

Keyword(s):

Small Business ◽

Small Businesses ◽

Business Environment ◽

Entrepreneurial Activity ◽

State Support ◽

Udmurt Republic ◽

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

Regional Projects ◽

History Of Formation

The article considers the concept of entrepreneurship, describes various scientific views on the definition of the economic essence of the concept of entrepreneurship. The article reveals the main economic and social functions of entrepreneurship in Russia at the modern stage of economic development. The level of development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Udmurt Republic is characterized, the number of employees and the distribution of small businesses in Udmurtia by type of economic activity are analyzed. The history of formation and development of the system of state support for entrepreneurial activity in Udmurtia is described. A detailed description of the current measures of state support and promotion of small business development is given. The article also describes the directions of participation of the Udmurt Republic in the national project “Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative”, within the framework of which five regional projects are implemented: “Acceleration of SMEs”; “Increased access of SMEs to financial support, including concessional financing”; “Popularization of entrepreneurship”; “Improving the business environment”; “Establishment of a system of support for farmers and development of rural cooperation”. In accordance with regional projects, innovative infrastructure organizations provide financial, property and information advice to small business.

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CONTEMPORARY ART IN THE CONTEXT OF TEACHING PRACTICES: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

Juvenis scientia ◽

10.32415/jscientia.2019.08.06 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 27-30

Author(s):

N.V. Shmeleva ◽

A.K. Saimiddinov

Keyword(s):

Contemporary Art ◽

University Education ◽

Pedagogical Practice ◽

Art Teaching ◽

History Of Art ◽

The Status ◽

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

Or History ◽

Selection Of

The article considers the status of contemporary art in the system of university education, addresses the need for determine the boundaries of art in the framework of pedagogical practice, offers methods of analysis of contemporary art, because such university courses as "World Art Studies" (WAS) and "History of Art" have a number of specific features. Firstly, a work of art is often presented as a cultural text with significant axiological meaning and considered as a history of the development of art, but not as art itself. Secondly, the logic of teaching requires the definition of clearer tools for the selection of studied works of art. Also, the teaching methods such disciplines as "WAS" or "History of Art" are closely intertwined with methods of analyzing the existing empirical base in the field of contemporary (or near modern) art. Teaching of artistic culture of the twentieth century, as a rule, rests in an insufficient understanding of the specifics of creative practices of the Modern and Postmodern eras (if you use some kind of common periodicals), therefore, often, extrapolating an established didactic platform relating exclusively to classical art is clearly not enough.

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Prerequisites for the development of a clear social responsibility concept

Global Prosperity ◽

10.46489/gpj.2021-1-1-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Andrii Yevstakhevych ◽

◽

Iren Karen Von-Nahy

Keyword(s):

Social Responsibility ◽

State Policy ◽

Systematic Approach ◽

Foreign Experience ◽

Current State ◽

History Of ◽

State Of Research ◽

Broad Interpretation ◽

Definition Of ◽

History Of Formation

The concept of social responsibility has a broad interpretation due to different approaches to forming its concept, the definition of fundamental principles, methods, and ways to ensure the expected results. The term "social responsibility" should be used considering the current state of research in this area and the discourse formed under the influence of the integration of foreign experience in ensuring social responsibility and the practice of Ukrainian enterprises in this area. We considered the history of formation and development of the concept of social responsibility of enterprises in Ukraine. We noted that the approaches to the formation of the concept of social responsibility differ significantly. We emphasized that the development of a transparent concept of social responsibility should be based on the factors, content and models of this activity. We concluded that due to the crisis in the economy and society in Ukraine, the concept of social responsibility had acquired a unique regional shape. This gave rise to the lack of a unified state policy of social responsibility of business, unsystematic measures of enterprises to implement the introductory provisions, the lack of a systematic approach to the transformation of social responsibility management

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Performing Epic and Reading Homer

Epic Performances from the Middle Ages into the Twenty-First Century ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198804215.003.0002 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 16-30

Author(s):

Barbara Graziosi

Keyword(s):

Literary Criticism ◽

Performance Studies ◽

Performing Arts ◽

Final Section ◽

Close Reading ◽

History Of ◽

And Performance ◽

Definition Of

There are two long-recognized obstacles to dramatic performances of epic. The first is scale and the second is portrayal of the gods. This chapter argues that both these features have been important for the definition of what literature is—i.e. what is characteristic of literature as opposed to the performing arts. The first section of the chapter offers a close reading of Aristotle, because he identified scale and the gods as issues that differentiate epic from tragedy, and because his Poetics was foundational for the later development of both literary criticism and performance studies. The second section of this chapter discusses the place of Homer in relation to both literature and the performing arts—by focusing again on scale and the gods, and the history of their reception. The final section considers Simon Armitage’s versions of the Iliad and the Odyssey for the theatre and for BBC Radio.

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