FULLY INTEGRATED FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZERS: A TUTORIAL

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 353-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Tae Moon ◽  
Ari Yakov Valero-López ◽  
Edgar Sánchez-Sinencio
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Synthesizer ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Frequency Synthesizers ◽  
System Level ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Communications Systems ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Wireless Communications Systems

Frequency synthesizer is a key building block of fully-integrated wireless communications systems. Design of a frequency synthesizer (FS) requires the understanding of not only the circuit-level but also of the transceiver system-level considerations. The FS design challenge involves strong trade-offs, and often conflicting requirements. In this tutorial, the general implementation issues and recent developments of frequency synthesizer design are discussed. Simplified design approach should provide readers with sufficient intuition for fast design and troubleshooting capability. Open problems in this FS field are briefly discussed.

Performance analysis of CyberManufacturing Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. 1362-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyi Song ◽  
Young Moon
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
System Level ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Recent Developments

CyberManufacturing System is an advanced vision for future manufacturing where physical components are fully integrated and seamlessly networked with computational processes, forming an on-demand, intelligent, and communicative manufacturing resource and capability repository with optimal and sustainable manufacturing solutions. The CyberManufacturing System utilizes recent developments in Internet of things, cloud computing, fog computing, service-oriented technologies, among others. Manufacturing resources and capabilities can be encapsulated, registered, and connected to each other directly or through the Internet, thus enabling intelligent behaviors of manufacturing components and systems such as self-awareness, self-prediction, self-optimization, and self-configuration. This research presents an introduction to the CyberManufacturing System, establishing the architecture and functions of the CyberManufacturing System, designing the pivotal control strategy, and investigating the performance analysis of the CyberManufacturing System using modeling and simulation techniques. In total, five component-level examples and one system-level case study have been developed and used for illustration and validation of the CyberManufacturing System operations. The results show that the CyberManufacturing System is superior to other types of manufacturing systems in terms of functionality and cooperative performance.

scholarly journals Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) in Wireless Communications Systems and Standards: A Contemporary Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ashfaq ahmed ◽  
Arafat Al-Dweik ◽  
Youssef Iraqi ◽  
Hussam Mukhtar ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Automatic Repeat Request ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Communications Systems ◽  
Wireless Communications Systems

<div>Automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes, and in particular hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) schemes, which jointly adopt forward error correction (FEC) and ARQ, are essential to provide reliable data transmission in wireless communications systems. However, the feedback from the receiver to the transmitter and the retransmission process used in ARQ incurs significant cost in terms of power efficiency, throughput, computational power and delay. Unfortunately, such drawbacks can limit their applications to several current and emerging technologies. More specifically, the increasing number of wireless users has create spectrum scarcity, relying on small-size batteries create power constraints, deployment of real-time applications boost the demand for ultralow delay networks, and the ultra-small low-cost internet of things (IoT) devices has limited signal processing and computation capabilities. Consequently, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to overcome the limitations inherent in HARQ. This survey paper provides an extensive literature review of the state-of-the-art HARQ techniques and discusses their integration in various wireless technologies. Moreover, it provides insights on advantages and disadvantages of particular ARQ types and discusses open problems and future directions.</div>

scholarly journals Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) in Wireless Communications Systems and Standards: A Contemporary Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ashfaq ahmed ◽  
Arafat Al-Dweik ◽  
Youssef Iraqi ◽  
Hussam Mukhtar ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Automatic Repeat Request ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Communications Systems ◽  
Wireless Communications Systems

<div>Automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes, and in particular hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) schemes, which jointly adopt forward error correction (FEC) and ARQ, are essential to provide reliable data transmission in wireless communications systems. However, the feedback from the receiver to the transmitter and the retransmission process used in ARQ incurs significant cost in terms of power efficiency, throughput, computational power and delay. Unfortunately, such drawbacks can limit their applications to several current and emerging technologies. More specifically, the increasing number of wireless users has create spectrum scarcity, relying on small-size batteries create power constraints, deployment of real-time applications boost the demand for ultralow delay networks, and the ultra-small low-cost internet of things (IoT) devices has limited signal processing and computation capabilities. Consequently, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to overcome the limitations inherent in HARQ. This survey paper provides an extensive literature review of the state-of-the-art HARQ techniques and discusses their integration in various wireless technologies. Moreover, it provides insights on advantages and disadvantages of particular ARQ types and discusses open problems and future directions.</div>

scholarly journals Noise and Breakdown Characterization of SPAD Detectors with Time-Gated Photon-Counting Operation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5287
Author(s):  
Hiwa Mahmoudi ◽  
Michael Hofbauer ◽  
Bernhard Goll ◽  
Horst Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Dark Count ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Noise Models

Being ready-to-detect over a certain portion of time makes the time-gated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) an attractive candidate for low-noise photon-counting applications. A careful SPAD noise and performance characterization, however, is critical to avoid time-consuming experimental optimization and redesign iterations for such applications. Here, we present an extensive empirical study of the breakdown voltage, as well as the dark-count and afterpulsing noise mechanisms for a fully integrated time-gated SPAD detector in 0.35-μm CMOS based on experimental data acquired in a dark condition. An “effective” SPAD breakdown voltage is introduced to enable efficient characterization and modeling of the dark-count and afterpulsing probabilities with respect to the excess bias voltage and the gating duration time. The presented breakdown and noise models will allow for accurate modeling and optimization of SPAD-based detector designs, where the SPAD noise can impose severe trade-offs with speed and sensitivity as is shown via an example.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document