scholarly journals What is the potential for a second peak in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in emerging and developing economies? Insights from a SIRASD model considering the informal economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150107
Author(s):  
Marcelo A. Pires ◽  
Nuno Crokidakis ◽  
Daniel O. Cajueiro ◽  
Marcio Argollo de Menezes ◽  
Silvio M. Duarte Queirós
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Total Labor Force ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Emerging And Developing Countries ◽  
Second Peak ◽  
Epidemiological Parameters

We study the potential scenarios from a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Asymptomatic-Symptomatic-Dead (SIRASD) model. As a novelty, we consider populations that differ in their degree of compliance with social distancing policies following socioeconomic attributes that are observed in emerging and developing countries. Considering epidemiological parameters estimated from data of the propagation of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil — where there is a significant stake of the population making their living in the informal economy and thus prone to not follow self-isolation — we assert that if the confinement measures are lifted too soon, namely as much as one week of consecutive declining numbers of new cases, it is very likely the appearance of a second peak. Our approach should be valid for any country where the number of people involved in the informal economy is a large proportion of the total labor force. In summary, our results point out the crucial relevance of target policies for supporting people in the informal economy to properly comply with preventive measures during the pandemic.

scholarly journals The Effect of Wives Employment on the Dynamics of the Lebanese Family

1970 ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
Hanan Haidar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Activity Rate ◽  
Total Labor Force ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Western Nations ◽  
Total Labor

In Leba ncn, as in other developing countries, the female activity rate is increasing. The participation of women in economic production has been reported to be 17% of the total labor force. (ECWA, 1978). Although this rate is small compared to western nations, it is probably the highest in the Arab World .

scholarly journals Innovative entrepreneurship in emerging and developing economies: the effects of entrepreneurial competancies and institutional voids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirmahmood Amini Sedeh ◽  
Amir Pezeshkan ◽  
Rosa Caiazza
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Institutional Voids ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Innovation Barriers ◽  
Entrepreneurial Competencies ◽  
Emerging And Developing Countries ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractInnovative entrepreneurship is one of the key drivers of economic development particularly for less developed economies where the economic growth is at the forefront of policymakers’ agenda. Yet, the research on how various factors at different levels interact and bring about innovative entrepreneurship in emerging and developing countries remains relatively scarce. We address this issue by developing a multilevel framework that explains how entrepreneurial competencies attenuate the negative impact of innovation barriers. Our analysis on a sample of individuals from 24 economies, 17 developing and 7 emerging countries, reveals that entrepreneurial competencies become more instrumental for innovative entrepreneurship when general, supply-side, and demand-side innovation barriers are higher. The findings offer unique insights to policymakers particularly in developing countries interested in promoting innovative entrepreneurship and to entrepreneurs and investors seeking to establish and support innovative ventures.

scholarly journals Effect of Unemployment Rate on Growth Rate of Gross Domestic Product of Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abdalla Moh'd AL-Tamimi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Total Labor Force ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Yearly Data

This study explains the effect of unemployment rate on growth rate of GDP of Jordan by depending on yearly data for the period (2009 – 2016) as unemployment rate is independent variable, and growth rate of GDP (Avariable of economic growth) as a dependent variable. This study focuses on explaining the literature both in theoretical and empirical ways of the effect of unemployment rate on growth rate of GDP, and analyzing the effect of unemployment rate on growth rate of GDP of Jordan by depending on yearly data for the period (2009 – 2016) by using the technique of ordinary least squares in version of E-views. This paper found that there are insignificant impacts of unemployment percentage to total labor force, unemployment of males percentage to male labor force, unemployment of females percentage to female labor force on growth rate of GDP of Jordan by relying on yearly data for the period 2009 to 2016 at level of significance 5%. This paper recommends testing the impacts of other obstacles in Jordan on growth rate on GDP, in order to know the variables that effect growth rate of GDP in Jordan.

scholarly journals Women and Work in Lebanon

1970 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
Lebanese American University
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Women And Work ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Total Labor Force ◽  
Total Labor

Between 1972 and 1975, women in Lebanon represented 48.1 % of the total population. The economically active women represented 17.5% of the female population and 18.4% of the total labor force(2). According to a later survey no change inthese figures has occurred since 1975.

scholarly journals The Shadow Pandemic: Examining the Impact of COVID-19 on Zimbabwean Informal Sector in Chiredzi District

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bismark Mutizwa
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Government Grants ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Informal Traders

COVID-19 has disrupted the business sector globally, ushering developed and developing economies into an unprecedented recession beyond anything experienced in nearly a century. Governments across the globe have adopted a myriad of preventive measures. These remedial actions vary from one country to the other. Nonetheless, in Zimbabwe the government gave a blind eye on the informal sector as evidenced by the adopted preventive measures which neglected the plight of informal traders. To this end, this research interrogates the shadow pandemic in the Zimbabwean informal sector using Chiredzi District as an illustrative case study. Documentary review and key informed interviews were at the core of research methodology. The study found out that informal economy businesses are excluded from government grants, closure of businesses, failure to pay rentals, disruption of the supply chain, psychological impact and family dysfunctional are the quandaries causing a shadow pandemic. Inclusion of informal economy businesses in policies and government grants, government should negotiate with landlords, informal traders should be allowed to operate and inclusive social nets are the possible remedial actions that the government can adopted.

scholarly journals Women Labor Force Participation and Governance in Developing Economies: A Panel Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Mabrooka Altaf
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Female Labor

The current study empirically investigates the relationship among female labor force participation and governance in developing nations, using panel data of 62 developing countries, from year 1996 to 2016. The two variables taken as dependent variables are women labor force participation and governance. Results of GMM estimation showed that there is positive association between women labor force participation and governance. Education, GDP per capita, and globalization has positive, while income inequality has negative impact on governance. Similarly, education, fertility rate and rural population has negative, and globalization has positive impact on female labor force participation. So, it is concluded that the importance of governance and women labor force participation cannot be refused in terms of growth enhancement, which will consequently improve the social and economic conditions of developing countries.

scholarly journals Studi Empiris Government Effectiveness dan Trade Openness terhadap Perdagangan Internasional

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Risa S. Pertiwi, S. Herianingrum, Muhammad. U. A. Mustofa, M. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Total Labor Force ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to examine the impact of macroeconomic factors such as Inflation, Exchange Rates, Total Labor Force, Technology, Worldwide Government and Trade Openness on International Trade in 10 Islamic countries as the main actors of international trade Intra-OKI from 2005 to 2018. Quantitative research This applies the Panel Data Regression method to the Fixed Effect Model. Research analysis techniques use the EViews 10. software program. Empirical results show that inflation and total labor force, government effectiveness and trade openness have a significant positive effect to Intra-OKI international trade. This means that the better the quality of worldwide government and trade openness in a country will increase the country's international trade activities. In addition, exchange rates and technology do not have a significant effect in Intra-OKI international trade.

The Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation

2017 ◽  
pp. 95-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Demirhan ◽  
Erdal Demirhan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Labor Participation ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Male Participation ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Total Labor

The female labor participation is recently considered as one of the factors leading to economic development in developing countries by amplifying total labor force as qualitative and quantitative. In this study, the authors investigate the factors affecting female labor participation in developing countries, applying panel data model for 83 developing countries over the period of 1990-2014. Empirical results indicate that u-shaped and incompatibility hypotheses are valid in the developing countries. Additionally, improving education levels and increasing male participation in labor markets lead women to more participate in labor markets. These results show the importance of enhancing education level and therefore the policies towards providing it.

scholarly journals Employment Women Through Entrepreneurship Development and Education in Developing Countries

JWEE ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Mirjana Radović-Marković ◽  
Priscilla Achakpa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact

Women entrepreneurship is today one of the major factors contributing to a country’s prosperity and to the global market in general. However, females still own and manage significantly fewer businesses than men. Especially, women in developing countries face disadvantages and discrimination. Compared to their male counterparts, women in developing countries have a lower level of education and skill training. Another important challenge for female entrepreneurs in developing countries is the issue of safety and protection of women, especially those operating in the informal economy. The most female entrepreneurs in developing economies are motivated to start their businesses out of necessity, reflecting lack of employment alternatives or dissatisfaction with existing employment. The overall nature and extent to which female entrepreneurship can develop in developing economies is greatly influenced by project to strengthening them. In line with this, the aim of our research was to explore the impact of one of these programmes -GWIN project and its effect to empowering women in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was concluded that GWiN project plays a significant role in the economic development of women in Nigeria through the benefits of various supports to them.

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