EXTENT AND GROWTH EFFECTS OF INFORMALITY IN TURKEY: EVIDENCE FROM A FIRM-LEVEL SURVEY

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (05) ◽  
pp. 1017-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEREM CANTEKIN ◽  
CEYHUN ELGIN
Keyword(s):  
Complete Information ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Effects ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Shed Light

In this paper, we provide a measure for both the prevalence and growth effects of informality in Turkey using firm-level data from the Turkish Economy. The survey is conducted in April–May 2013 covering 1000 representative firms interviewing owners/head managers of the firms. Based on the information given by these owners and managers, the survey makes a complete characterization of several firm characteristics, provides complete information on the extent of informality as well as its effects on various economic outcomes of these firms. The cross-sectional econometric analysis we conduct using the survey data shows that there is an inverted-U relationship between a specific measure of informality and growth expectations of firms. These results shed light on our understanding of the specific channels through which informality affects firms’ growth not only in Turkey but in other emerging markets as well.

scholarly journals Customs duty incentives and their effects on customs revenue mobilization: the case of Zimbabwe (2009-2014)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Ezera Madzivanyika
Keyword(s):  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mining Sector ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preferential Tariff ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Tariff Rates

This paper analyzes the effects of customs duty incentives on customs revenue mobilization for the period 2009 to 2014. It employs both cross-sectional and panel data regression analysis using firm-level data obtained for a sample of 35 firms in Zimbabwe’s mining sector. The data were collected from Zimbabwe Revenue Authority’s Asycuda World System. The results from the two separate models confirm that customs duty incentives (rebates and preferential tariff rates) had negative effects on customs revenues for the period 2009 to 2014. The study, therefore, recommends an urgent need to streamline customs duty incentives granted to importers of goods meant for use in the mining sector

scholarly journals Editorial - Vol 16: Number 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
Luis Monteiro Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
Macaronesian Islands

The Nutrition and Food Sciences section includes two sequential papers regarding the anthropometric evaluation of pre-school and school age children from the Canarian Islands (Biomed & Biopharm Research, 2019;(16) 2; 154-164 DOI:10.19277/bbr.16.2.207) and from Azores (Biomed & Biopharm Research, 2019;(16) 2; 165-175 DOI:10.19277/bbr.16.2.208). These two cross-sectional studies focus the prevalence of normal weight, overweight, and obesity in those age groups, completing similar information published in the last issue of our journal in reference to the Madeiran Islands. A complete characterization of this condition is now achieved and described for the entire European Macaronesian islands, underlining the originality and interest of these papers.

scholarly journals A Taxonomy of Eco-Innovation Types in SMEs: Exploring Different Firm Profiles in the Canadian Wine Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5776 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Doloreux ◽  
Luisa Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Wine Industry ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
Process Oriented

The paper examines eco-innovation strategies in the Canadian wine industry. It uses firm-level data of 151 wine firms that developed eco-innovations between 2015 and 2017 to build a taxonomy of four eco-innovation strategies: (i) eco-innovation laggers, (ii) product-oriented eco-innovators, (iii) process-oriented eco-innovators, and (iv) fully integrated eco-innovators. We then characterize these eco-innovation strategies with respect to firm-level innovation capabilities, firms’ knowledge openness, and firms’ specific characteristics. The results reveal heterogeneity in eco-innovation strategies and show that these strategies exhibit different configurations of innovation-related conditions and firm characteristics.

The Effect of Deregulation on Employee Earnings: Pilots, Flight Attendants, and Mechanics, 1959–1992

ILR Review ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Crémieux
Keyword(s):  
Flight Attendants ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Airline Deregulation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Previous studies of the effect of the 1978 Airline Deregulation Act on employee earnings have reported mixed results: some have found no negative long-run effect of deregulation and others have found a negative effect of up to 10%. Most of these studies relied on cross-sectional analysis of a few years' data. This paper, in contrast, examines the long-term trends in airline earnings, based on 34 years of newly collected firm-level data from the Department of Transportation's Form 41 and airline workers' unions. The author finds that although deregulation had no statistically significant effect on the earnings of mechanics, it strongly affected the earnings of flight attendants and pilots. Flight attendants' earnings were at least 12% lower by 1985 and 39% lower by 1992 than they would have been if deregulation had not occurred, and the corresponding shortfalls for pilots were 12% and 22%.

Gender discrimination and firms’ profit: evidence from Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Liu ◽  
Tomokazu Nomura ◽  
Shoji Nishijima
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Productivity Shocks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Discrimination Model ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose This paper investigates discrimination against women within the Brazilian labour market using firm-level data from the World Bank Investment Climate Survey. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the female employees in the Brazilian labour market are paid less than their productivity warrants due to the existence of discrimination. Design/methodology/approach Based on employer discrimination model proposed by Becker (1971) that considered the proportion of female employees as a proxy for the extent of discrimination, the authors estimate the profit function using OLS analysis, and regress it on the proportion of female employees and other firm characteristics. To address the endogeneity problem caused by unobservable productivity shocks, the authors employed the methods proposed by Olley and Pakes (1996) and Levinsohn and Petrin (2003), respectively. Findings The results indicate that the proportion of female employees has positive effect on firms’ profit in 2002, but has no effect in 2007. This finding gives evidence of the existence of discrimination against female employees within the Brazilian labour market in the early 2000s, while the gender discrimination was reduced overtime. Originality/value This paper’s main contribution is to provide an approach that differs from that of previous research to determine whether discrimination exists within the Brazilian labour market. This paper also provides policy insights for Brazilian labour market.

scholarly journals Temporary Employment, Demand Volatility, and Unions: Firm-Level Evidence

ILR Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Devicienti ◽  
Paolo Naticchioni ◽  
Andrea Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Temporary Contracts ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Demand Volatility ◽  
Italian Firm ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the effect of workplace unionization and product market volatility on firms’ propensity to use temporary employment. Using Italian firm-level data, the authors show that volatility has a positive impact on the share of temporary contracts. The baseline estimates for the impact of unions are inconclusive, but a clear pattern emerges when a specification including an interaction term with volatility is used. This approach allows a richer characterization of the impact of workplace unionization, which is positive for low levels of volatility and negative for high levels. The authors discuss various direct and indirect mechanisms to explain this novel finding. Furthermore, they find that these effects hold only for cases in which the employer does not provide training for temporary workers, whereas temporary contracts with training provisions are not affected by unions, volatility, and their interplay.

scholarly journals Firm Characteristics, Financing and Firm Innovation in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 177-198
Author(s):  
Michael Asiedu
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Level Data

The study employed firm level data from the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey Indicator Database to investigate firm characteristics associated with firm innovation in 32 African countries, for the period 2009 to 2018. We find that firm level innovation, including the introduction of significantly new products (H1), new or significantly improved methods of manufacturing products (New Technology) are strongly associated with external funding sources (funds from Banks and non-banking institutions). In addition, firm level characteristics such as firm age, female ownership, capacity utilization, educated labor force, exposure to competition is strongly associated with firm innovation. These findings are very important for countries in Africa (and other less-developed countries) who spend less on research and development due financing and structural constraints but want to accelerate economic growth and increased productivity.

scholarly journals Firm-level immunity to COVID-19 induced uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahil Narang ◽  
Savita Rawat ◽  
Rudra Prakash Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Market Reaction ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stock Market Reaction ◽  
Book To Market Ratio ◽  
High Beta

Abstract The paper investigates the stock market response to COVID-19 induced financial uncertainty and the role of pre-shock firm-specific characteristics in shaping such stock market behaviour using a sample of S&P BSE 500 companies. Initially, the stock market experiences a significant downfall due to COVID-19 induced uncertainty; although, the market appears to rebound after a major setback. Downfall and recovery are quite surprising as downfall happened when cases were extremely small in number and there was no nation-wide lockdown announcement yet. Recovery happened when strict lockdowns were enforced and cases were rising significantly. Stock market reaction were heterogeneous among industries and various firm characteristics. On closer analysis, we find that some firms are more resilient to COVID-19 shock than others. Our analysis reveals that the most affected were small-sized, high beta, loser, and low-profitability firms as indicated by univariate analysis. The multivariate analysis finds momentum, profitability, beta, market capitalization, age, and book-to-market ratio to be the major determinants of cross-sectional CARs during downfall & recovery period. The study provides evidence of the negative reaction to COVID-19 induced uncertainty and subsequent recovery. We concludes that pre-COVID firm-specific factors play an essential role in explaining the variation in the stock market reaction to COVID-19 induced uncertainty.

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