NORTH–SOUTH ASYMMETRY IN TARIFF BARGAINING: A BLESSING FOR THE URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Chen Fang ◽  
Shu-Fen Lin ◽  
Cheng-Te Lee
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
The South ◽  
Structural Unemployment ◽  
Import Tariff ◽  
The North ◽  
Urban Unemployment ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
South Asymmetry

In this study, North–South asymmetries are incorporated into a general equilibrium model to re-examine tariff bargaining. The asymmetric two-country model indicates that an import tariff charged by the North generates positive externalities that ameliorate structural unemployment in the South. The findings of this study yield two critical respects. First, the consideration of the urban unemployment in the South may reverse the consensus that a reciprocal tariff concession benefits both of the negotiators. Second and hence, this suggests that developing countries may bargain with opponents by manipulating second-best tariffs.

Disguised Carbon Tariff: Concept and Its Governance

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mou WANG ◽  
Wen ZHANG ◽  
Junyan LIU
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Cooperation Model ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Common ◽  
Carbon Tariff

Carbon tariff is a trade issue that is of great concern among the international community. The South and the North have big disputes on this issue because of the trade interests attached to it. Developing countries oppose to almost any policies and measures concerning carbon tariff. Hence, some countries seek alternative approaches to achieve similar effects of carbon tariff through more covert technical approaches, such as setting up production standards, carbon labeling, etc. This paper summarizes these covert approaches as "disguised carbon tariff", and defines them as policies and measures that can achieve similar effects as carbon tariff. These disguised carbon tariffs, although not levied at borders, impose the same restrictions on export products and services from developing countries. Disguised carbon tariff has diverse forms, existing in different regions, and has evolved into different new kinds. The governance of disguised carbon tariff requires reinforcing the leading position of the UNFCCC on the issue of carbon emission governance. Relevant international discussions on carbon emission issues should give high priority and respect to the principles in the UNFCCC, especially the "common but differentiated responsibilities" principle. Responsibilities and obligations between the developed and developing countries on tackling climate change should be treated differently. And an international cooperation model that is based on mutual trust between the South and the North should be established to achieve good environmental and climate governance.

Environmental Leadership in Developing Countries: Transnational Relations and Biodiversity Policy in Costa Rica and Bolivia. By Paul F. Steinberg. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. 280p. $65.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-869
Author(s):  
Pamela Stricker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
The South ◽  
Environmental Leadership ◽  
Transnational Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Biodiversity Policy

Much of the literature on environmental policymaking in the Global South focuses on the role of transnational linkages, wherein ideas regarding environmental management are transplanted by intergovernmental organizations and nongovernmental organizations in the North to governments in the South. The perception that environmental management concepts are primarily transferred in this way stems in part from the resonance that Ronald Inglehart's work on postmaterialist societies and environmental activism has had on the field, as well as a paucity of studies examining the dynamics of the domestic political players in the creation of natural resource management policies in the South. Paul Steinberg's work, Environmental Leadership in Developing Countries, addresses this particular puzzle and takes on the too-oft accepted notion that domestic policy entrepreneurs play a small supporting role at best in bringing about environmental policies in the Global South.

The school drop-out or rather “push out” problem in the South and in the North

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Birgit Brock-Utne ◽  
Torill Aagot Halvorsen ◽  
Mwajuma Vuzo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
The South ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
The North ◽  
School Drop Out ◽  
Out Of School

Both in developing countries in the South and developed countries in the North a large portion of pupils from each cohort drop out or, maybe more correctly described, are pushed out of school each year. In the South, there is also a considerable portion of school-aged children who do not attend school at all. The article examines selected data collected from ethnographic interviews, during a Norwegian ongoing longitudinal project, and a survey in Tanzania, and other developing countries. We ask the questions: What are the reasons for this situation? Are the reasons the same in the South as in the North? In this article examples will be given from a country in the North, Norway and a country in the South, Tanzania. What do we know about the reasons for dropping out of school in these two countries? Who are the children dropping out? From which social class do they come? Are they from urban or rural areas? Were there more boys or more girls? What happens to the children after they drop out of school? How much is the school itself to blame for the situation? How relevant is what is learnt in school to the life children lead and their job prospects? What could have been done differently in order to retain children in school in the South, exemplified by Tanzania, and the North exemplified by Norway?

Macroeconomic scenarios for the south Mediterranean countries: Evidence from general equilibrium model simulation results

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas Paroussos ◽  
Kostas Fragkiadakis ◽  
Ioannis Charalampidis ◽  
Stella Tsani ◽  
Pantelis Capros
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
General Equilibrium Model ◽  
The South ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Simulation Results

The Impacts of Rural Property Rights on Urban Unemployment, Wage Inequality, and Welfare in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancai Pi ◽  
Yang Ge ◽  
Jun Yin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Unskilled Labor ◽  
Wage Elasticity ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Urban Unemployment

Abstract This paper establishes a three-sector general equilibrium model to explore how rural property rights influence urban unemployment, skilled-unskilled wage inequality and social welfare in developing countries. Strengthened rural property rights generate the rent-gaining effect and the productivity-enhancing effect, and the interaction of these two effects determines the changes of urban unemployment, skilled-unskilled wage inequality and social welfare. In addition to the aforementioned two effects, the agricultural sector’s wage elasticity of unskilled labor demand also matters for the change of wage inequality.

Van basisarts tot public health: verschillende wegen om naar Rome te reizen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. CRIEL ◽  
J. DE LEPELEIRE
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
The North ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Individual

From medical doctor to public health: different ways to travel to Rome Public health aims at health promotion through an organized societal effort. The Alma Ata declaration laid the broad conceptual foundation for public health and primary care in developing countries (the South) and industrialized countries (the North). Family medicine evolved to a professional practice where a community focus is also important. The introduction of the ‘personal medical record’ and the design of primary care areas in Flanders are anchor points for the development of public health in our country. In developing countries and more specifically in Africa, a structured population approach to health care is since long more evident, amongst others through the development of health districts. The evolution of the post-war period that the authors experienced and describe, makes it clear that public health must be a combination of care for the population and the individual: an ‘and-and’ story, in situations where contexts may strongly differ but where basic objectives remain similar. Thereby, the North can learn from the district experiences in the South, and the South from the power of primary care and general practice in the North.

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