DOES LAND EXPROPRIATION INCREASE HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION AND SAVINGS RATE? EVIDENCE FROM RURAL CHINA

This paper estimates how land expropriation affects household consumption and savings rate using a nationally representative household data from China. We argue that land expropriation is likely to be random across households within the same village. We find that land expropriation has positive and statistically significant effects on per capita household consumption and savings rate. The effects on consumption of durable goods and on savings rate, however, weaken and become insignificant over time.

Nonfarm diversification and the well-being of rural farm households in developing countries: Evidence from Ghana using new dataset

Review of Economics ◽

10.1515/roe-2018-0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 207-229

Author(s):

Bernardin Senadza ◽

Edward Nketiah-Amponsah ◽

Samuel Ampaw

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Household Consumption ◽

Empirical Method ◽

Farm Households ◽

Consumption Expenditure ◽

Switching Regression ◽

Rural Ghana ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact

Abstract This paper examines the impact of participation in both farm and nonfarm activities on both household consumption expenditure per adult equivalent and household per capita income, in rural Ghana. The objective is to ascertain whether the results are sensitive to the choice of well-being measure. We use a nationally representative dataset on 8,059 rural farm households collected in 2012/13. In order to account for potential selectivity and endogeneity biases, which previous studies failed to correct for, we adopt the endogenous switching regression (ESR) estimation technique. We find diversified households to be systematically different from their undiversified counterparts in terms of socioeconomic and demographic centeracteristics, thus justifying the empirical method used. Our results indicate a higher observed mean consumption for the diversified sub-sample compared to its counterfactual, implying that households participating in nonfarm enterprise activities in addition to farming have greater mean consumption compared to households engaged solely in farming. Similar conclusions are reached when income instead is used as the well-being indicator. Our findings, thus, indicate that the well-being implication of farm-nonfarm diversification is insensitive to the choice of well-being measure.

Personality change and environmental concerns

10.31234/osf.io/jk94r ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher James Hopwood ◽

Ted Schwaba ◽

Wiebke Bleidorn

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Personality Change ◽

Environmental Concerns ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

German Population ◽

Individual Level ◽

Sustainable Behavior ◽

The Individual ◽

Personal concerns about climate change and the environment are a powerful motivator of sustainable behavior. People’s level of concern varies as a function of a variety of social and individual factors. Using data from 58,748 participants from a nationally representative German sample, we tested preregistered hypotheses about factors that impact concerns about the environment over time. We found that environmental concerns increased modestly from 2009-2017 in the German population. However, individuals in middle adulthood tended to be more concerned and showed more consistent increases in concern over time than younger or older people. Consistent with previous research, Big Five personality traits were correlated with environmental concerns. We present novel evidence that increases in concern were related to increases in the personality traits neuroticism and openness to experience. Indeed, changes in openness explained roughly 50% of the variance in changes in environmental concerns. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the individual level factors associated with changes in environmental concerns over time, towards the promotion of more sustainable behavior at the individual level.

Non-Price Criteria for the Evaluation of the Tender Offers in Public Procurement of Ukraine

International Journal of Financial Studies ◽

10.3390/ijfs8030044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Alexander Baranovsky ◽

Nataliia Tkachenko ◽

Vladimer Glonti ◽

Valentyna Levchenko ◽

Kateryna Bogatyrova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Procurement ◽

Well Being ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Tender Offers ◽

Product Categories ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time ◽

The Eu

Traditionally, public procurement has been associated with the measurement of achieving savings. However, recent research shows that the economic impact of public procurement is not limited only to savings, but by measuring the impact of four capitals—natural, human, social, and economic—on sustainable well-being over time. Ukraine is a country with a very low gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which exacerbates the problem of the impact of public procurement results on the population’s welfare. Ukrainian public procurement legislation allows customers to apply non-price criteria (the share of non-price criteria cannot be more than 70%), which, together, are taken into account in the formula of the quoted price. The studies show that the effect of the use of non-price criteria depends on the relevance of the method of the evaluation of non-price criteria. The most important non-price criteria for Ukrainian customers by product categories and the methods of their evaluation are analyzed according to the Bi.prozorro.org analytics module. Therefore, it is concluded that the quoted price method, which is used in Ukrainian practice, is not relevant in comparison with the method used in the EU. A survey of the government buyers on the practice of applying non-price criteria was conducted, and the areas of their use were identified.

Equal emissions per capita over time– a proposal to combineresponsibility andequity of rights for post-2012 GHG emission entitlement allocation

European Environment ◽

10.1002/eet.359 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 300-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Sven Bode

Keyword(s):

Ghg Emission ◽

Per Capita ◽

Faculty Publishing Productivity: Comparisons over Time

College & Research Libraries ◽

10.5860/crl.67.3.230 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 230-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

John M. Budd

Keyword(s):

Academic Librarians ◽

Tenure Track ◽

Data Set ◽

Part Time Faculty ◽

Time Period ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Part Time ◽

Per Capita ◽

Time Faculty ◽

Concerns about higher education abound, and these include concerns about productivity. The present study extends two previous examinations of faculty publishing productivity covering the years 1991 to 1993 and 1995 to 1997. Both members of ARL and a group of institutions included in ACRL’s data set are included. For both groups there are some increases in mean total numbers of publications, although the rate of increase has decreased since the second time period. Per capita rates of publication demonstrate an even flatter pattern. In recent years, there have been some changes in the dynamics of universities’ faculties; there are more part-time faculty and more faculty who are not on the tenure track. These factors, coupled with the publishing data, point to activities that all academic librarians should be aware of.

Disparities in Access to Well-Qualified, Well-Supported Special Educators Across Higher- Versus Lower-Poverty Schools Over Time

Council review ◽

10.1177/00144029211024137 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001440292110241

Author(s):

Elizabeth Bettini ◽

Tuan D. Nguyen ◽

Allison F. Gilmour ◽

Christopher Redding

Keyword(s):

Special Education Teachers ◽

Schools And Staffing Survey ◽

Internal Resources ◽

Material Resources ◽

School Based ◽

Student Socioeconomic Status ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Response Policy ◽

Scholars have documented long-standing disparities in access to well-qualified, well-supported teachers, including disparities in access to special education teachers (SETs), based on student socioeconomic status. In response, policy initiatives have aimed to incentivize teaching in higher-poverty schools. Thus, we examined changes over time in disparities between SETs’ demands and resources (including internal resources, such as qualifications, and school-based resources, such as adequate materials), using multiple waves of the nationally representative Schools and Staffing Survey. We found that, by one metric, disparities in certification have closed since 2000. However, SETs in higher poverty schools are significantly more likely to work in self-contained settings than those in lower-poverty schools, and disparities in school-based resources continue to be significant, such that SETs in higher-poverty schools were significantly more likely to teach in self-contained classes, rated teacher cooperation significantly lower, and reported having significantly weaker access to material resources.

Climate change and air conditioning adoption: the role of remittances

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-7840 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Filippo Pavanello ◽

Teresa Randazzo

Keyword(s):

Important Implication ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Household Data ◽

Cooling Devices ◽

Large Flow ◽

At Home

<p>Do remittances improve how households adapt to global warming? We explore this question exploiting a nationally-representative household data from Mexico - a country that experiences a large flow of remittances. Mexican households respond to excess heat by purchasing air conditioning and remittances can be used to adopt and use cooling devices that contribute to maintaining thermal comfort at home. Our results show that recipient households have a higher probability to adopt air conditioning at home with important implication on electricity consumption. The effect is even larger for those households living in high-temperature areas showing an important role of remittances in the climate adaptation process.</p>

Disparities Across Time: Exploring Absenteeism Patterns between Cohorts of Students with Disabilities

Teachers College Record ◽

10.1177/016146812012201114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 122 (11) ◽

pp. 1-32

Author(s):

Michael A. Gottfried ◽

Vi-Nhuan Le ◽

J. Jacob Kirksey

Keyword(s):

Students With Disabilities ◽

Social Needs ◽

Data Sets ◽

Chronic Absenteeism ◽

Data Set ◽

Full Day Kindergarten ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Single Data ◽

Background It is of grave concern that kindergartners are missing more school than students in any other year of elementary school; therefore, documenting which students are absent and for how long is of upmost importance. Yet, doing so for students with disabilities (SWDs) has received little attention. This study addresses this gap by examining two cohorts of SWDs, separated by more than a decade, to document changes in attendance patterns. Research Questions First, for SWDs, has the number of school days missed or chronic absenteeism rates changed over time? Second, how are changes in the number of school days missed and chronic absenteeism rates related to changes in academic emphasis, presence of teacher aides, SWD-specific teacher training, and preschool participation? Subjects This study uses data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS), a nationally representative data set of children in kindergarten. We rely on both ECLS data sets— the kindergarten classes of 1998–1999 and 2010–2011. Measures were identical in both data sets, making it feasible to compare children across the two cohorts. Given identical measures, we combined the data sets into a single data set with an indicator for being in the older cohort. Research Design This study examined two sets of outcomes: The first was number of days absent, and the second was likelihood of being chronically absent. These outcomes were regressed on a measure for being in the older cohort (our key measure for changes over time) and numerous control variables. The error term was clustered by classroom. Findings We found that SWDs are absent more often now than they were a decade earlier, and this growth in absenteeism was larger than what students without disabilities experienced. Absenteeism among SWDs was higher for those enrolled in full-day kindergarten, although having attended center-based care mitigates this disparity over time. Implications are discussed. Conclusions Our study calls for additional attention and supports to combat the increasing rates of absenteeism for SWDs over time. Understanding contextual shifts and trends in rates of absenteeism for SWDs in kindergarten is pertinent to crafting effective interventions and research geared toward supporting the academic and social needs of these students.

Level and Pattern of Consumption Expenditure of Rural Households among Different Regions of Punjab

Indian Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.35716/ijed/20230 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 468-473

Keyword(s):

Rural Households ◽

Household Consumption ◽

Farm Households ◽

Capita Consumption ◽

Primary Data ◽

Consumption Expenditure ◽

Large Farm ◽

Per Capita ◽

Per Capita Consumption

The present study, dealing with the inequality in consumption of the rural households across the different regions, is based upon the primary data of the Punjab state. The analysis showed that Malwa excelled other two regions in the per capita consumption. The highest average propensity to consume was observed for Doaba, and it was the lowest for Malwa. All the rural households except large farm of all the three regions and medium farm households of Malwa and Majha were in deficit. Considering all households together, the inequality of household consumption expenditure was relatively high in all three regions, with the same being highest in Majha, followed by Malwa and Doaba. The concentration of consumption expenditure among the land-owning households was greater than the landless households.

Inequities in the allocation of medical resources in China’s Township Health Centers

China Agricultural Economic Review ◽

10.1108/caer-11-2015-0170 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 637-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yue Ma ◽

Linxiu Zhang ◽

Matthew Boswell

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rural China ◽

Health Centers ◽

Content Type ◽

Representative Study ◽

Use Of Data ◽

Fixed Assets ◽

Academy Of Sciences

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to produce a high-quality measure of the nature of healthcare resources available in China’s Township Health Centers (THCs), paying particular attention to equity between high- and low-income areas. Design/methodology/approach This study makes use of data from a nearly nationally representative survey in rural China conducted by the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2011. The samples of towns were selected randomly from 25 counties located in five provinces from different regions of China. Data were collected through questionnaires and direct observation. Findings The THCs located in rich areas have higher levels of human resources than poor areas. THCs in rich areas also have more fixed assets than those in poor areas. In fact, even though the Chinese Ministry of Health mandates that all THCs have certain basic levels of medical equipment and facilities, many THCs in poor areas do not have them. The allocation of mandated equipment is unequal. Practical implications These findings suggest that China’s government should pay more attention to THCs located in poor areas, especially in light of new initiatives to improve health care in poor rural areas. Originality/value This is the first nationally representative study to employ rigorous empirics to investigate the extent of inequality in allocation of resources within THCs across China.