scholarly journals Cosmology of spin-2 fields

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 1641010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Maia
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Bouncing Universe ◽  
Inflationary Phase ◽  
Massive Spin ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Relativistic Phase

The Cauchy-Kowalevski theorem is applied to the solutions of Einstein’s equations and to cosmology. Three fundamental requirements of the theorem: the use of analytic series; the existence of the boundary surfaces; and the setting of the independent initial data are revised, using methods of geometric analysis. It is found that during its relativistic phase the standard model of the universe is completely governed by Einstein’s gravitation, in which the source includes a massive spin-2 field, compatible with the observations of the dark sector of the universe. On the other hand, the exponential growth of the volume of the universe at the inflationary phase, is shown to be predominantly thermodynamical, as opposed to a relativistic process. These two phases are joined by the last inflationary surface endowed with a mirror symmetry, which eventually suggests a possible bouncing universe scenario.

Extension of Standard Model in multi-spinor field formalism — Visible and dark sectors

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (18) ◽  
pp. 1630027
Author(s):  
Ikuo S. Sogami
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Quadratic Interaction ◽  
Inflationary Phase ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Visible Sector ◽  
Field Formalism ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Higgs Fields

With multi-spinor fields which behave as triple-tensor products of the Dirac spinors, the Standard Model is extended so as to embrace three families of ordinary quarks and leptons in the visible sector and an additional family of exotic quarks and leptons in the dark sector of our Universe. Apart from the gauge and Higgs fields of the Standard Model symmetry G, new gauge and Higgs fields of a symmetry isomorphic to G are postulated to exist in the dark sector. It is the bi-quadratic interaction between visible and dark Higgs fields that opens a main portal to the dark sector. Breakdowns of the visible and dark electroweak symmetries result in the Higgs boson with mass 125 GeV and a new boson which can be related to the diphoton excess around 750 GeV. Subsequent to a common inflationary phase and a reheating period, the visible and dark sectors follow weakly-interacting paths of thermal histories. We propose scenarios for dark matter in which no dark nuclear reaction takes place. A candidate for the main component of the dark matter is a stable dark hadron with spin 3/2, and the upper limit of its mass is estimated to be 15.1 GeV/c2.

scholarly journals No single unification theory of everything

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanpeng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Unification Theory ◽  
Transition Mechanism ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Dynamic Phase Transition ◽  
Theory Of Everything ◽  
Community Forum ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Essay Contest

[for FQXi Essay Contest: https://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/3421] In light of Gödel’s undecidability results (incomplete theorems) for math, quantum indeterminism indicates that physics and the Universe may be indeterministic, incomplete, and open in nature, and therefore demand no single unification theory of everything. The Universe is dynamic and so are the underlying physical models and spacetime. As the 4-d spacetime evolves dimension by dimension in the early universe, consistent yet different models emerge one by one with different sets of particles and interactions. A new set of first principles are proposed for building such models with new understanding of supersymmetry, mirror symmetry, and the dynamic phase transition mechanism – spontaneous symmetry breaking. Under this framework, we demonstrate that different models with no theory of everything operate in a hierarchical yet consistent way at different phases or scenarios of the Universe. In particular, the arrow of time is naturally explained and the Standard Model of physics is elegantly extended to time zero of the Universe.

Review on Higgs Hidden-Dark Sector Physics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodota Lagouri
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Hidden Sector ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

Abstract The Standard Model (SM), while extremely powerful as a description of the strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions, does not provide a natural candidate to explain Dark Matter (DM). Theoretical as well as experimental motivation exists for the existence of a hidden or dark sector of phenomena that couples either weakly or in a special way to SM fields. Hidden sector or dark sector states appear in many extensions to SM to provide a particular candidate DM in the universe or to explain astrophysical observations. If there is such a family of Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) particles and interactions, they may be accessible experimentally at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN and at future High Energy Colliders. In this paper, the main focus is given on selected searches conducted at LHC experiments related to Higgs Hidden-Dark Sector Physics. The current constraints and future prospects of these studies are summarized.

scholarly journals Nearly Supersymmetric Dark Atoms

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavosh R. Behbahani ◽  
Martin Jankowiak ◽  
Tomas Rube ◽  
Jay G. Wacker
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Supersymmetry Breaking ◽  
Bound States ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Missing Mass ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

Theories of dark matter that support bound states are an intriguing possibility for the identity of the missing mass of the Universe. This article proposes a class of models of supersymmetric composite dark matter where the interactions with the Standard Model communicate supersymmetry breaking to the dark sector. In these models, supersymmetry breaking can be treated as a perturbation on the spectrum of bound states. Using a general formalism, the spectrum with leading supersymmetry effects is computed without specifying the details of the binding dynamics. The interactions of the composite states with the Standard Model are computed, and several benchmark models are described. General features of nonrelativistic supersymmetric bound states are emphasized.

scholarly journals Cosmological inflation driven by a scalar torsion function

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Guimarães ◽  
R. de C. Lima ◽  
S. H. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Small Deviation ◽  
Torsion Function ◽  
Scalar Spectral Index ◽  
Inflationary Phase ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Cosmological Inflation ◽  
Acceleration Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Viable Model

AbstractA viable model for inflation driven by a torsion function in a Friedmann background is presented. The scalar spectral index in the interval $$0.92\lesssim n_{s}\lesssim 0.97$$ 0.92 ≲ n s ≲ 0.97 is obtained in order to satisfy the initial conditions for inflation. The post inflationary phase is also studied, and the analytical solutions obtained for scale factor and energy density generalizes that ones for a matter dominated universe, indicating just a small deviation from the standard model evolution. The same kind of torsion function used also describes satisfactorily the recent acceleration of the universe, which could indicate a possible unification of different phases, apart form specific constants

scholarly journals Feebly coupled vector boson dark matter in effective theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basabendu Barman ◽  
Subhaditya Bhattacharya ◽  
Bohdan Grzadkowski
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Vector Boson ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Strength Tensor ◽  
The Universe

Abstract A model of dark matter (DM) that communicates with the Standard Model (SM) exclusively through suppressed dimension five operator is discussed. The SM is augmented with a symmetry U(1)X ⊗ Z2, where U(1)X is gauged and broken spontaneously by a very heavy decoupled scalar. The massive U(1)X vector boson (Xμ) is stabilized being odd under unbroken Z2 and therefore may contribute as the DM component of the universe. Dark sector field strength tensor Xμν couples to the SM hypercharge tensor Bμν via the presence of a heavier Z2 odd real scalar Φ, i.e. 1/Λ XμνBμνΦ, with Λ being a scale of new physics. The freeze-in production of the vector boson dark matter feebly coupled to the SM is advocated in this analysis. Limitations of the so-called UV freeze-in mechanism that emerge when the maximum reheat temperature TRH drops down close to the scale of DM mass are discussed. The parameter space of the model consistent with the observed DM abundance is determined. The model easily and naturally avoids both direct and indirect DM searches. Possibility for detection at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is also considered. A Stueckelberg formulation of the model is derived.

scholarly journals The concept of electric charge and the hypothesis of magnetic poles

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (18) ◽  
pp. 1950088
Author(s):  
Robert J. Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Higgs Mass ◽  
Mass Term ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Present Universe ◽  
Charge Spectrum ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Magnetic Poles ◽  
The Universe

We examine a generic field theory in which the field particle has two couplings. It is of particular interest when these are the electroweak, [Formula: see text], and the hypothetical magnetoweak, [Formula: see text]. The new field operators are obtained by replacing the field operators [Formula: see text] of the Standard Model or of similar models by [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is an element of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional representation of the SLq(2) algebra, which is also the knot algebra. The new field is assumed to exist in two phases distinguished by two values of [Formula: see text]: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which label the electroweak and magnetoweak phases, respectively. We assume that the observed leptons and quarks are mainly composed of [Formula: see text]-preons and are in agreement with the observed charge spectrum of leptons and quarks. It is now proposed that there is also a [Formula: see text]-phase where [Formula: see text]-leptons and [Formula: see text]-quarks are composed of mainly [Formula: see text]-preons. It is assumed that the [Formula: see text]-charge is very large compared to the [Formula: see text]-charge and the mass of the [Formula: see text]-charged particle is even larger since the mass of all of these particles is partially determined by the eigenvalues of [Formula: see text], a polynomial in [Formula: see text], that multiplies the Higgs mass term and where [Formula: see text] Since these values of [Formula: see text] indicate that particles in the [Formula: see text]-phase are much more massive, they should be harder to produce or to observe. Since the remote parts of the universe are at increasingly higher temperatures, magnetic poles are perhaps most likely to be found in deep probes of space as well as in high energy accelerators. The section entitled “Introduction” was added only after it was generally realized that the birth of the present universe was probably due to a nuclear explosion.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Search for Dark Sector Signatures

Open Physics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksym Deliyergiyev
Keyword(s):  
New Physics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Hidden Sector ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

AbstractMany difficulties are encountered when attempting to pinpoint a common origin for several observed astrophysical anomalies, and when assessing their tension with existing exclusion limits. These include systematic uncertainties affecting the operation of the detectors, our knowledge of their response, astrophysical uncertainties, and the broad range of particle couplings that can mediate interaction with a detector target. Particularly interesting astrophysical evidence has motivated a search for dark-photon, and focused our attention on a Hidden Valleys model with a GeV-scale dark sector that produces exciting signatures. Results from recent underground experiments are also considered.There is a ‘light’ hidden sector (dark sector), present in many models of new physics beyond the Standard Model, which contains a colorful spectrum of new particles. Recently, it has been shown that this spectrum can give rise to unique signatures at colliders when the mass scale in the hidden sector is well below a TeV; as in Hidden Valleys, Stueckelberg extensions, and Unparticle models. These physics models produce unique signatures of collimated leptons at high energies. By studying these ephemeral particles we hope to trace the history of the Universe. Our present theories lead us to believe that there is something new just around the corner, which should be accessible at the energies made available by modern colliders.

An Interview with the Physicist that Her Head in the Universe and Both Feet on the Earth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

Put simply, Lisa Randall’s job is to figure out how the universe works, and what it’s made of. Her contributions to theoretical particle physics include two models of space-time that bear her name. The first Randall–Sundrum model addressed a problem with the Standard Model of the universe, and the second concerned the possibility of a warped additional dimension of space. In this work, we caught up with Randall to talk about why she chose a career in physics, where she finds inspiration, and what advice she’d offer budding physicists. This article has been edited for clarity. My favourite quote in this interview is, “Figure out what you enjoy, what your talents are, and what you’re most curious to learn about.” If you insterest in her work, you can contact her on Twitter @lirarandall.

An Interview with the Physicist that Her Head in the Universe and Both Feet on the Earth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

Put simply, Lisa Randall’s job is to figure out how the universe works, and what it’s made of. Her contributions to theoretical particle physics include two models of space-time that bear her name. The first Randall–Sundrum model addressed a problem with the Standard Model of the universe, and the second concerned the possibility of a warped additional dimension of space. In this work, we caught up with Randall to talk about why she chose a career in physics, where she finds inspiration, and what advice she’d offer budding physicists. This article has been edited for clarity. My favourite quote in this interview is, “Figure out what you enjoy, what your talents are, and what you’re most curious to learn about.” If you insterest in her work, you can contact her on Twitter @lirarandall.

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