Approaches to the sign problem in lattice field theory
2016 ◽
Vol 31
(22)
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pp. 1643007
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Keyword(s):
Quantum field theories (QFTs) at finite densities of matter generically involve complex actions. Standard Monte Carlo simulations based upon importance sampling, which have been producing quantitative first principle results in particle physics for almost forty years, cannot be applied in this case. Various strategies to overcome this so-called sign problem or complex action problem were proposed during the last thirty years. We here review the sign problem in lattice field theories, focusing on two more recent methods: dualization to worldline type of representations and the density-of-states approach.
Keyword(s):
2021 ◽
Vol 2105
(1)
◽
pp. 012002
Keyword(s):
1999 ◽
Vol 08
(02)
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pp. 125-163
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1992 ◽
Vol 07
(04)
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pp. 777-794
2013 ◽
Vol 28
(38)
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pp. 1350178
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Keyword(s):
1994 ◽
Vol 09
(01)
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pp. 1-37
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Keyword(s):