A NEW DEFINITION OF BOSONS

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (24n25) ◽  
pp. 2909-2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
ENRICO CELEGHINI
Keyword(s):  
Group Theory ◽  
Hopf Algebra ◽  
Coherent States ◽  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
Bose Condensation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Text Representation ◽  
Definition Of

A recipe is given to reproduce algebraically the Bose prescription in Quantum Statistics. Bosons are thus defined as coherent states of the [Formula: see text] representation of the Lie-Hopf algebra su(1, 1), while h(1) is shown to be related to Boltzmann statistics. The technical power of group theory is used to show that black-body radiation formula as well as all other experimental results obtained in continuum limit do not require Bose distribution but are compatible with many other less symmetric ones. This may have dramatical effects on the predictions on Bose condensation.

The problem of moving thermometers

1968 ◽  
Vol 306 (1487) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Transitive Property ◽  
Temperature Transformation ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relativistic Thermodynamics ◽  
Orthodox View

Three questions in special relativistic thermodynamics are relevant to the work reported here: (1) The transformation of heat Q . This question is not considered here, and we adopt the orthodox view ( Q = Q 0 / β ) as embodied in Pauli’s article. (2) The transformation of temperature. (3) The relativistic second law. If this is taken in the orthodox form T d S ≽ d Q , where the quantities involved refer to a relatively moving system, then the answers to (1) and (3) imply the answer T = T 0 / β to (2). In this paper we start by treating the answer to question (3) as unknown, and deal with question (2). The answer found to this question ( T = T 0 ) is shown to imply an answer to question (3) ( T d S ≽ β d Q , β ≡ (1 — v 2 / c 2 ) –½ ). The examination of question (2) is carried out in a new way by considering measurements by a thermometer fixed in the observer’s frame and in brief interaction (by black body radiation only) with a moving black body. To ensure that no energy escapes, one body is taken to move inside the other. The definition of quasi-equilibrium adopted leads to temperature transformation laws, which depend on the body shapes involved. Also we find that quasi-equilibrium is not a transitive property. It is concluded that this approach must be rejected, and at present one can conceive of satisfactory measurements by a thermometer only if it is stationary in the system studied. (It may of course be manipulated electronically by a relatively moving observer.) This implies T = T 0 . It is also shown that Doppler effect arguments do not provide a guide to general temperature transformation laws.

scholarly journals New Affine Coherent States Based on Elements of Nonrenormalizable Scalar Field Models

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Klauder
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Coherent States ◽  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Quantum Fields ◽  
Commutation Relations ◽  
Scalar Field Models ◽  
Scalar Quantum ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Continuum

Recent proposals for a nontrivial quantization of covariant, nonrenormalizable, self-interacting, scalar quantum fields have emphasized the importance of quantum fields that obey affine commutation relations rather than canonical commutation relations. When formulated on a spacetime lattice, such models have a lattice version of the associated ground state, and this vector is used as the fiducial vector for the definition of the associated affine coherent states, thus ensuring that in the continuum limit, the affine field operators are compatible with the system Hamiltonian. In this article, we define and analyze the associated affine coherent states as well as briefly review the author's approach to nontrivial formulations of such nonrenormalizable models.

The Physical World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Manton ◽  
Nicholas Mee
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Variational Principles ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Solid State Physics ◽  
Least Action ◽  
Dimensional Spacetime

The book is an inspirational survey of fundamental physics, emphasizing the use of variational principles. Chapter 1 presents introductory ideas, including the principle of least action, vectors and partial differentiation. Chapter 2 covers Newtonian dynamics and the motion of mutually gravitating bodies. Chapter 3 is about electromagnetic fields as described by Maxwell’s equations. Chapter 4 is about special relativity, which unifies space and time into 4-dimensional spacetime. Chapter 5 introduces the mathematics of curved space, leading to Chapter 6 covering general relativity and its remarkable consequences, such as the existence of black holes. Chapters 7 and 8 present quantum mechanics, essential for understanding atomic-scale phenomena. Chapter 9 uses quantum mechanics to explain the fundamental principles of chemistry and solid state physics. Chapter 10 is about thermodynamics, which is built around the concepts of temperature and entropy. Various applications are discussed, including the analysis of black body radiation that led to the quantum revolution. Chapter 11 surveys the atomic nucleus, its properties and applications. Chapter 12 explores particle physics, the Standard Model and the Higgs mechanism, with a short introduction to quantum field theory. Chapter 13 is about the structure and evolution of stars and brings together material from many of the earlier chapters. Chapter 14 on cosmology describes the structure and evolution of the universe as a whole. Finally, Chapter 15 discusses remaining problems at the frontiers of physics, such as the interpretation of quantum mechanics, and the ultimate nature of particles. Some speculative ideas are explored, such as supersymmetry, solitons and string theory.

Constructing Quantum Mechanics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Duncan ◽  
Michel Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Zeeman Effect ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Old Quantum Theory ◽  
Upper Level

This is the first of two volumes on the genesis of quantum mechanics. It covers the key developments in the period 1900–1923 that provided the scaffold on which the arch of modern quantum mechanics was built in the period 1923–1927 (covered in the second volume). After tracing the early contributions by Planck, Einstein, and Bohr to the theories of black‐body radiation, specific heats, and spectroscopy, all showing the need for drastic changes to the physics of their day, the book tackles the efforts by Sommerfeld and others to provide a new theory, now known as the old quantum theory. After some striking initial successes (explaining the fine structure of hydrogen, X‐ray spectra, and the Stark effect), the old quantum theory ran into serious difficulties (failing to provide consistent models for helium and the Zeeman effect) and eventually gave way to matrix and wave mechanics. Constructing Quantum Mechanics is based on the best and latest scholarship in the field, to which the authors have made significant contributions themselves. It breaks new ground, especially in its treatment of the work of Sommerfeld and his associates, but also offers new perspectives on classic papers by Planck, Einstein, and Bohr. Throughout the book, the authors provide detailed reconstructions (at the level of an upper‐level undergraduate physics course) of the cental arguments and derivations of the physicists involved. All in all, Constructing Quantum Mechanics promises to take the place of older books as the standard source on the genesis of quantum mechanics.

Electromagnetic fluctuations from energetic particles in plasmas

1988 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Chu ◽  
J. L. Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Velocity Distribution ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Velocity Distribution Function ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Magnetized Plasma ◽  
Plasma Power ◽  
Correlation Techniques

Electromagnetic fluctuations, induced by energetic charged particles, are calculated using correlation techniques for a uniform magnetized plasma. Power emission in the ion-cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) is calculated for a specific model of velocity distribution function. The emissive spectra are distinct from that of the black-body radiation and have features that are consistent with experimental observation.

DOES LIOUVILLE'S THEOREM IMPLY QUANTUM MECHANICS?

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 161-189
Author(s):  
C. SYROS
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Boltzmann Distribution ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Klein Gordon ◽  
Energy Variable ◽  
Liouville’S Theorem ◽  
Liouville’S Equation

The essentials of quantum mechanics are derived from Liouville's theorem in statistical mechanics. An elementary solution, g, of Liouville's equation helps to construct a differentiable N-particle distribution function (DF), F(g), satisfying the same equation. Reality and additivity of F(g): (i) quantize the time variable; (ii) quantize the energy variable; (iii) quantize the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution; (iv) make F(g) observable through time-elimination; (v) produce the Planck constant; (vi) yield the black-body radiation spectrum; (vii) support chronotopology introduced axiomatically; (viii) the Schrödinger and the Klein–Gordon equations follow. Hence, quantum theory appears as a corollary of Liouville's theorem. An unknown connection is found allowing the better understanding of space-times and of these theories.

Effect of Surface Roughness on the Total Hemispherical and Specular Reflectance of Metallic Surfaces

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Birkebak ◽  
E. M. Sparrow ◽  
E. R. G. Eckert ◽  
J. W. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Specular Reflectance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hemispherical Reflectance ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Measurements have been made of the hemispherical and specular reflectance of metallic surfaces of controlled roughness. The surfaces, which were ground nickel rectangles, were irradiated at various angles of incidence by a beam of black-body radiation, the temperature of which was also varied. The instrumentation which was devised to perform the experiments is described. The measurements show that beyond a certain surface roughness, the hemispherical reflectance is virtually independent of further increases in roughness. On the other hand, the specular reflectance decreases steadily with increasing roughness. Additionally, the hemispherical reflectance is found to be quite insensitive to the angle of incidence, while the specular reflectance increases with angle of incidence for the rougher surfaces.

Definition of the yield point in plasticity and its effect on the shape of the yield locus

1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
T C Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Yield Point ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Yield Locus ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Proportional Limit ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Small Section ◽  
Definition Of

Three different definitions of the yield point have been used in experimental work on the yield locus: proportional limit, proof strain and the ‘yield point’ by backward extrapolation. The theoretical implications of the ‘yield point’ by backward extrapolation are examined in an analysis of the loading and re-loading stress paths. It is shown, in connection with experimental results by Miastkowski and Szczepinski, that the proportional limit found by inspection is in fact a point located by backward extrapolation based on a small section of the stress-strain curve, near the elastic portion of the curve. The effect of different definitions of the yield point on the shape of the yield locus and some considerations for the choice between them are discussed.

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