Effects of different sintering temperature on structural and magnetic properties of Ni–Cu–Co ferrite nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (27) ◽  
pp. 1850321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Pan ◽  
Aimin Sun ◽  
Yingqiang Han ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiqian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ft Ir

In this work, sol–gel auto-combustion technology is used to synthesize nanocrystalline Ni[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]Fe2O4 with high purity metal nitrate and citric acid as precursor solution. The prepared samples are sintered at different temperatures (400[Formula: see text]C, 500[Formula: see text]C, 600[Formula: see text]C, 700[Formula: see text]C, 800[Formula: see text]C, 900[Formula: see text]C, 1000[Formula: see text]C and 1100[Formula: see text]C) for 3.5 h. The structure and magnetic properties of the samples are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The analysis of the XRD patterns confirms that all the samples have a single-phase cubic spinel structure. The particle size of the prepared samples (between 23 nm and 36 nm) is determined by the Scherrer equation. The effect of particle size is through observation of samples sintered at different temperatures. FT-IR spectroscopy shows the characteristic peak is near 588 cm[Formula: see text]. And the measurement also confirms the formation of spinel structure. The magnetic parameters of the samples are measured by VSM at room temperature with a maximum magnetic field of 1 T. Coercivity, remanent magnetization and saturation magnetization change with the changing sintering temperature. It can be clearly observed that the magnetic properties increase significantly with the temperature increasing from 600[Formula: see text]C to 700[Formula: see text]C. The dM/dH versus H curves are obtained by differentiating the hysteresis loop. The increasing peak height of dM/dH at [Formula: see text], indicates a magnetically stable state for the samples with good crystalline cubic spinel structure.

Studies on structural and magnetic properties of Ni-Mg-Co spinel ferrite nanoparticles sintered at different temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050041
Author(s):  
Xiqian Zhao ◽  
Aimin Sun ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Lichao Yu ◽  
Zhuo Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Cobalt Ferrite ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Spinel Ferrite ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Magnetic Stability

In order to study the effect of sintering temperature on the structure and magnetic properties of nickel-magnesium-cobalt ferrite, [Formula: see text] spinel ferrite with different sintering temperatures (500[Formula: see text]C, 600[Formula: see text]C, 700[Formula: see text]C, 800[Formula: see text]C, 900[Formula: see text]C and 1000[Formula: see text]C) was prepared by sol–gel method. The magnetic properties of the prepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that the sintering temperature has a significant effect on the structure and magnetic properties of nickel-magnesium-cobalt ferrite. Analysis of the XRD pattern confirmed that all samples showed a single-phase cubic spinel structure. The particle size of the prepared sample determined by the Scherrer equation was 51 nm to 135 nm. As the sintering temperature increases from 500[Formula: see text]C to 1000[Formula: see text]C, the intensity of all peaks gradually increases, the crystallinity and particle size of the sample increase significantly, but the coercive force decreases, the saturation magnetization, the residual magnetization and the squareness [Formula: see text] increase first and then decrease. Compared with other samples, the 800[Formula: see text]C sintered samples had the highest saturation magnetization (59.03 emu/g), remanent magnetization (30.65 emu/g) and squareness (0.519). The increasing peak height of [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] indicates that the cubic spinel structure samples have good crystallinity and magnetic stability.

scholarly journals Effect of Al3+ Substitution on Structural and Magnetic Properties of NiZnCo Nano Ferrites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6093-6099
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Lattice Constant ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Structural And Magnetic Properties

Sol-gel method incorporating auto combustion is used to prepare Al3+ substituted Ni0.4Zn0.35Co0.25Fe2-xAlxO4 with concentration (x = 0.0, 0.10, 0.20) samples. XRD shows their Cubic spinel structure with lattice constant increasing and crystallite sizes decreasing from 32.15 nm to 22.89 nm with Al3+. The spinel structure is confirmed with the help of FT-IR. They have isotropic nature with the single ferrimagnetic domain as given by VSM. The product is widely used.

Particle Size Dependent Structural and Magnetic Properties of CoCrFeO4 Nanoparticles

2012 ◽  
Vol 486 ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
R. Mane Dhanraj ◽  
H. Kadam Ram ◽  
T. Alone Suresh ◽  
E. Shirsath Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Different Temperatures

Nanoparticles of CoCrFeO4ferrite in the particle size range of 9 - 38 nm have been prepared by a sol-gel auto combustion method. Synthesized powders were annealed at four different temperatures viz. 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C and 1000 °C. Particle sizes are determined by X-ray analysis and TEM. The size of the nanoparticles increase linearly with sintering temperature and time, most probably due to coalescence that increases as sintering temperature increases. The saturation magnetization increases from 62 to 81 emu/g and coercivity initially increases up to 814 Oe and then decreases to 366 Oe with increase in particle size and sintering temperature. The typical blocking temperature increases from 135 to 165 K with increasing particle size.

Structural, morphological and magnetic properties of Mn2+ ions substituted nanosized nickel–copper–cobalt ferrites through sol–gel auto-combustion method

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050002
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Aimin Sun ◽  
Xiqian Zhao ◽  
Xiaoguang Pan ◽  
Yingqiang Han
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Cobalt Ferrite ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Auto Combustion

Manganese substituted nickel–copper–cobalt ferrite nanoparticles having the basic composition [Formula: see text] (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) were synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to estimate phase purity and lattice symmetry. All the prepared samples show the single-phase cubic spinel structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements also confirm the cubic spinel structure of the ferrite that is formed. The preparation of samples show these nearly spherical particles by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The magnetic properties of Mn[Formula: see text] ion substituted in nickel–copper–cobalt ferrite were studied by Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The saturation magnetization ([Formula: see text]), remanent magnetization [Formula: see text], coercivity [Formula: see text], magnetic moment [Formula: see text] and anisotropy constant [Formula: see text] first increase and then decrease with the increase of [Formula: see text] ions content. They had better magnetism than pure sample and other substituted samples when the substitution amount of [Formula: see text] ions was [Formula: see text]. At [Formula: see text], the maximum values of remanent magnetization [Formula: see text], saturation magnetization [Formula: see text] and coercivity [Formula: see text] are 25.58 emu/g, 61.95 emu/g and 689.76 Oe, respectively. This indicates that the magnetism of ferrite can improve by substituting with the appropriate amount of manganese. However, due to the excess [Formula: see text] ions instead, ferrite magnetism is weakened. This means that these materials can be used in magnetic data storage and recording media.

Porous SiO2/SiC Fiber Via Carbothermal-Reduction of Hybrid Fiber in Air Flows

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1492-1496
Author(s):  
Qiu Sheng Song ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Shun Xu ◽  
Zhen Biao Zhong ◽  
Meng Li
Keyword(s):  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Hybrid Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Fibers ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Sic Fiber ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ft Ir

Using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and novolac-PF as raw materials, SiO2/PF hybrid fibers were prepared via sol-gel associated with drawing process, and then sintered at different temperatures (500-1300 °C) under air atmosphere. The microstructure variation and reaction mechanism of the fiber were investigated by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM measurements. The results showed that the microstructure variation of the hybrid fiber was influenced greatly by sintering temperatures. When the sintering temperature was below 900 °C, the fibers were amorphous, and converted into porous SiO2/SiC fibers after being sintered at 1300 °C.

Effect of annealing temperature on structural and magnetic properties of strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion method

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (27) ◽  
pp. 1550190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Roohani ◽  
Hadi Arabi ◽  
Reza Sarhaddi ◽  
Saeedeh Sudkhah ◽  
Ameneh Shabani
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Strontium Hexaferrite ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Ft Ir

In this paper, strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel auto-combustion method. Effect of annealing temperature on crystal structure, morphology and magnetic properties of nanoparticles was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Also, the thermal decomposition of as-synthesized powdered samples has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD patterns confirmed the formation of single phase M-type hexagonal crystal structure for powders annealed above 950[Formula: see text]C, whereas the presence of hematite ([Formula: see text]-Fe2O3) as secondary phase was also observed for sample annealed at 900[Formula: see text]C. Furthermore, the crystallinity along with the crystallite size were augmented with annealing temperature. Comparison of the FT-IR spectra of the samples before and after annealing treatment showed the existence of metal–oxygen stretching modes after annealing. The thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the thermal decomposition of as-burnt powders happened in three-stage degradation process. The TEM images showed the nanoparticles like hexagonal-shaped platelets as the size of nanoparticles increases by increasing the annealing temperature. With increasing annealing temperature, the magnetic saturation and the coercivity were increased to the maximum value of 74.26 emu/g and 5.67 kOe for sample annealed at 1000[Formula: see text]C and then decreased.

Effects of Calcination Temperature on Electrospun Silica Fibers

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuttaya Pramuansub ◽  
Piyada Jittangprasert ◽  
Panitarn Wanakamol
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Silica Fibers ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Viscous Solution ◽  
Long Fibers

Silica fibers have been fabricated via sol-gel reaction and electrospinning. The precursor solution was prepared from tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS), ethanol and aqueous hydrochloric acid. The viscous solution was electrospun at 15kV applied voltage and 20 cm tip-to-collector distance. The process yielded nonwoven sheet of silica fibers with good mechanical integrity. The silica fiber specimens were calcined at different temperatures: 400°C, 600°C and 800°C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation reveals smooth and long fibers with average diameter below 0.5μm for all samples, both as spun and calcined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra show effects of calcination temperature on chemical structure of the fibers. Calcination results in the removal of organic residuals and leaving mostly silica content

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLE BARIUM HEX AFERRITE BY SOL GEL AUTO COMBUTIO

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
WIDYASTUTI WIDYASTUTI ◽  
FELLY YULIAN FF ◽  
ROCHMAN R ◽  
HARIYATI PURWANINGSIH
Keyword(s):  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Barium Hexaferrite ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Gel Point ◽  
Ferric Nitrate ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Different Temperatures

Nanocrystalline of Barium Hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) powders have been synthesized using the sol gel auto combustion method. The ferrite precursors were obtained from aqueous mixtures of Barium nitrate and Ferric nitrate by auto combustion reaction from gel point. These precursors were sintered at different temperatures ranging from 700 to 1000oC for constant calcinations time 2,5 h in a static air atmosphere. Effects of Fe3+/Ba2+ mol ratios and sintering temperatures on the microstructure and magnetic properties were systematically studied. The powders formed were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and VSM. The results obtained showed that the phase BaFe12O19 powders were achieved by the Fe3+/Ba2+ mole ratio from the stoichiometric value 11, 11.5 and 12 at temperature950OC. With increasing of temperature sintering, coercivity and magnetization value tends to rising. The maximum saturation magnetization (66.16 emu/g) was achieved at the Fe3+/Ba2+mole ratio to 11.5 and the sintering temperature 950OC. The maximum coercivity value 3542 Oe achieved at mole ratio sample 12 with sintering temperature 950OC. Maximum saturation 6616 emu/g achieved at mole ratio sample 115 with the same temperature.

Preparation and Properties of CoFe2O4 Synthesized by the Modified Citrate-Gel Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Múzquiz-Ramos ◽  
Dora A. Cortés-Hernández ◽  
O.A. Herrera-Romero ◽  
José C. Escobedo-Bocardo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Spinel Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Auto Combustion

In this work, the synthesis of CoFe2O4 via sol-gel auto-combustion method, using iron nitrate, cobalt nitrate and citric acid, with subsequent heat treatment in air was studied. The effects of the molar ratio of the metal nitrates to citric acid and the heat treatment temperatures on the magnetic properties have been investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed peaks consistent with cubic spinel-type structure. The average crystallite sizes were determined from the (311) peak of the diffraction pattern using Scherrer equation. Particle sizes in the range of 18-44 nm were obtained. The crystallite size increases with annealing temperature. Magnetic properties, such as saturation magnetization (Ms), remanent magnetization (Mr) and coercivity field (Hc) were measured at room temperature using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Saturation magnetization was found to increase with particle size, whereas coercivity was found to reduce exponentially as the particle size was increased, apart from the Hc of the sample treated at 300 °C. The present work shows that magnetic properties vary over a wide range by changing the synthesis conditions.

scholarly journals Temperature Dependence of Initial Permeability of NixCo1-xFe2O4 Ferrite System

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-699
Author(s):  
V.S. Bushkova ◽  
A.V. Kopayev ◽  
N.I. Bushkov ◽  
B.V. Karpyk ◽  
O.M. Matkivskyi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Cobalt Ferrite ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Initial Permeability ◽  
Nickel Cobalt ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Ferrite System

The aim of this work was to create and study of ferrite nickel-cobalt powders, using sol-gel technology with participation of auto-combustion. Dependence of the initial permeability from the degree of substitution of cobalt cations on nickel cations is obtained. It is revealed that the crystallite size has a significant influence on the magnetic properties of the samples. With decreasing of crystallite size of nickel-cobalt ferrite Curie temperature decreases. It is shown that the smaller the particle size, the greater the thickness of the surface layer with significant violations of magnetic structure.

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