Segmentation and Recognition of Continuous Handwriting Chinese Text

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Hong ◽  
Gareth Loudon ◽  
Yimin Wu ◽  
Ruslana Zitserman
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Text ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Minimum Variance ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Input System ◽  
On Line ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Line Test ◽  
Pen Input ◽  
Character Sequence

This article introduces the basic segmentation problems in Chinese handwriting and also several prior work to solve these problems. A new segmentation method is proposed, which is applicable to both on-line and off-line systems for free-format handwritten Chinese character sentences. This method performs basic segmentation and fine segmentation based on the varying spacing thresholds and the minimum variance criteria. The five most probable ways of segmentation are derived from this stage and all the possible segments are extracted and recognized. A lattice is created from all the segments and searched using a viterbi based algorithm to find the most likely character sequence. The algorithm presented in this paper provides large flexibility and robustness to handle free-format continuous Chinese handwriting and is a promising solution for a natural and fast Chinese pen input system. The character accuracy is 85.0% for on-line and 77.4% for the off-line test data.

The Concept of Model-View-Controler (MVC) as Solution Software Development

CCIT Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-402
Author(s):  
Ermatita Ermatita ◽  
Huda Ubaya ◽  
Dwirosa Indah
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Model View Controller ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Test ◽  
Model View

Pengembangan perangkat lunak adalah tugas kompleks dan membutuhkan adaptasi untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan pengguna. Untuk membuat konsep dan perubahan perangkat lunak, dalam pemeliharaan, sekarang telah dikembangkan lebih mudah dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak, pola model-view-controller, yang merupakan arsitektur yang dapat membantu memfasilitasi dalam pengembangan dan pemeliharaan perangkat luna. Hal ini, karena dalam arsitektur model tiga-lapis, yaitu: tampilan dan pengontrolan dalam pembangunan dilakukan secara independen, sehingga dapat memberikan dahan dalam pengembangan dan pemeliharaan. Selain itu, arsitektur ini juga dapat melihat hal-hal yang sederhana dan menarik bagi pengguna. Software sistem on-line test adalah perangkat lunak yang memerlukan interaksi dengan pengguna, dan pemeliharaan perangkat adaptif. Karena sistem ujian on-line memerlukan pengembangan perangkat lunak untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan ini berkembang dengan cepat. Makalah ini untuk menganalisis Model-View-Controller dan mencoba pembangunan, untuk menerapkannya dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak sistem pengujian on-line. 

scholarly journals Learning Feedforward Control Using Multiagent Control Approach for Motion Control Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Phong B. Dao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Runtime Environment ◽  
Multiagent Control ◽  
On Line ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Function Approximator

Multiagent control system (MACS) has become a promising solution for solving complex control problems. Using the advantages of MACS-based design approaches, a novel solution for advanced control of mechatronic systems has been developed in this paper. The study has aimed at integrating learning control into MACS. Specifically, learning feedforward control (LFFC) is implemented as a pattern for incorporation in MACS. The major novelty of this work is that the feedback control part is realized in a real-time periodic MACS, while the LFFC algorithm is done on-line, asynchronously, and in a separate non-real-time aperiodic MACS. As a result, a MACS-based LFFC design method has been developed. A second-order B-spline neural network (BSN) is used as a function approximator for LFFC whose input-output mapping can be adapted during control and is intended to become equal to the inverse model of the plant. To provide real-time features for the MACS-based LFFC system, the open robot control software (OROCOS) has been employed as development and runtime environment. A case study using a simulated linear motor in the presence of nonlinear cogging and friction force as well as mass variations is used to illustrate the proposed method. A MACS-based LFFC system has been designed and implemented for the simulated plant. The system consists of a setpoint generator, a feedback controller, and a time-index LFFC that can learn on-line. Simulation results have demonstrated the applicability of the design method.

A Study on the Method of Vibration Analysis for Korean High Speed Train by the On-Line Test

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 1593-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Kyoung Park ◽  
Ki Whan Kim ◽  
Jin Yong Mok ◽  
Young Guk Kim ◽  
Seog Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vibration Mode ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Railway Vehicle ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
On Line ◽  
System Vibration ◽  
Line Test

The Korean High Speed Train (KHST) has been tested on the Kyongbu high speed line and the Honam conventional line since 2002. A data acquisition system was developed to test and prove the dynamic performance of the KHST, and the system has been found to be very efficient in acquiring multi-channel data from accelerometers located all over the train. Also presented in this paper is an analysis procedure which is simple and efficient in analyzing the acceleration data acquired during the on-line test of the KHST. The understanding of system vibration mode for a railway vehicle is essential to evaluate the characteristics of a dynamic system and to diagnose the dynamic problems of the vehicle system during tests and operations. Methods based on homogeneous linear systems are not realistic because real systems have nonlinear characteristics and are strongly dependent on environmental conditions. In this paper an efficient method of vibration analysis has been proposed and applied for the KHST to evaluate its vibration mode characteristics. The results show that this method is suitable to estimate the system vibration modes of the KHST.

On-Line Chinese Character Recognition Via a Representation of Spatial Relationships Between Strokes

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 329-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Wei Chen ◽  
Suh-Yin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Matching Problem ◽  
Structural Rules ◽  
Chinese Character Recognition ◽  
On Line

Chinese characters are constructed by basic strokes based on structural rules. In handwritten characters, the shapes of the strokes may vary to some extent, but the spatial relations and geometric configurations of the strokes are usually maintained. Therefore these spatial relations and configurations could be regarded as invariant features and could be used in the recognition of handwritten Chinese characters. In this paper, we investigate the structural knowledge in Chinese characters and propose the stroke spatial relationship representation (SSRR) to describe Chinese characters. An On-Line Chinese Character Recognition (OLCCR) method using the SSRR is also presented. With SSRR, each character is processed and is represented by an attribute graph. The process of character recognition is thereby transformed into a graph matching problem. After careful analysis, the basic spatial relationship between strokes can be characterized into five classes. A bitwise representation is adopted in the design of the data structure to reduce storage requirements and to speed up character matching. The strategy of hierarchical search in the preclassification improves the recognition speed. Basically, the attribute graph model is a generalized character representation that provides a useful and convenient representation for newly added characters in an OLCCR system with automatic learning capability. The significance of the structural approach of character recognition using spatial relationships is analyzed and is proved by experiments. Realistic testing is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Effects of "On-Line" Test Feedback on the Seriousness of Subsequent Errors

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menucha Birenbaum ◽  
Kikumi K. Tatsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Test Feedback ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Test
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