THE MULTIAGENT TECHNOLOGY AND PARADIGM WITHIN SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 219-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCESCO AMIGONI ◽  
VIOLA SCHIAFFONATI
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Multiagent Systems ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
The One

Scientific practice has been rapidly evolving in the last years under the pressure of developments in computer science and technology. In this paper we present some of the results of our research activity at the boundary between computer science and philosophy of science started in 1997 under Marco Somalvico's impulse and guidance. In particular, we discuss two roles that multiagent systems can play in scientific discovery. From the one hand, they can support scientific practice; from the other hand, they can represent scientific results. The theoretical framework presented in this paper is exemplified in concrete by illustrating specific implemented systems, both taken from the literature and developed by ourselves.

scholarly journals Gabriel Ferrater: A Note on Science, Ideas, and Poetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Joan-Josep Vallbé
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Theory Of Ideas ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper discusses the relationship between the theory of art and the philosophy of science. In particular, it explores Catalan poet and critic Gabriel Ferrater’s theory of ideas in poetry and specifically his critique of social or realist poetry. The paper shows, on the one hand, that Ferrater’s theory is both antiexpressionist and anti-inductivist, and on the other, that his way of approaching both poetry and criticism can be integrated into the falsationist theoretical framework developed by philosopher of science Karl Popper to understand the process of scientific discovery.

scholarly journals CREATIVITY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-460
Author(s):  
Piotr Giza
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Software Market ◽  
The One

The aim of this paper is to briefly explore creative thinking in computer science, and compare it to natural sciences, mathematics or engineering. It is also meant as polemics with some theses of the pioneer work under the same title by Daniel Saunders and Paul Thagard because I point to important motivations in computer science the authors do not mention, and give examples of the origins of problems they explicitly deny. Computer science is a very specific field for it relates the abstract, theoretical discipline – mathematics, on the one hand, and engineering, often concerned with very practical tasks of building computers, on the other. It is like engineering in that it is concerned with solving practical problems or implementing solutions, often with strongly financial reasons, e.g. increasing a company’s income. It is like mathematics in that is deals with abstract symbols, logical relations, algorithms, computability problems, etc. Saunders and Thagard analyse rich experimental material from historical and contemporary work in computer science and argue that, as opposed to natural sciences, computer science is not concerned with describing and explaining natural phenomena. Now, I argue that there is a field of research in artificial intelligence (which, in turn, is a branch of computer science), called machine discovery, where explanation of natural phenomena, finding experimental laws and explanatory models is the primary goal. This goal is achieved by constructing computer systems whose job is to simulate various processes involved in scientific discovery done by human researchers, and help them in making new discoveries. On the other hand, motivations that give rise to ingenious projects in computer science can be very strange and include curiosity, fun or attempts to be famous out of boring, stable life of a successful programmer in a big corporation. A good example is the phenomenon of open-source software, especially the development of the Linux operating system and its applications when, from economical point of view, Microsoft absolutely dominated the software market of personal computers.

scholarly journals Simplicity of what? A case study from generative linguistics

Synthese ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Terzian ◽  
María Inés Corbalán
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
Generative Linguistics ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One

Abstract The Minimalist Program in generative linguistics is predicated on the idea that simplicity is a defining property of the human language faculty, on the one hand; on the other, a central aim of linguistic theorising. Worryingly, however, justifications for either claim are hard to come by in the literature. We sketch a proposal that would allow for both shortcomings to be addressed, and that furthermore honours the program’s declared commitment to naturalism. We begin by teasing apart and clarifying the different conceptions of simplicity underlying generative inquiry, in both ontological and theoretical capacities. We then trace a path towards a more robust justification for each type of simplicity principle, drawing on recent work in cognitive science and in philosophy of science, respectively. The resulting proposal hinges on the idea that simplicity is an evolved, virtuous cognitive bias—one that is a condition of our scientific understanding and, ultimately, of successful scientific practice. Finally, we make a case for why minimalists should take this proposal seriously, on the one hand; and for why generative linguistics would make for an interesting case study for philosophy of science, on the other.

Partner Relationship Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 158-170
Author(s):  
Diego Jiménez-López ◽  
Marcos Ruano-Mayoral ◽  
Joaquín Fernández-González ◽  
Fernando Cabezas Isla
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Customer Relationship Management ◽  
Relationship Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Semantic Technologies ◽  
Partner Relationship ◽  
The One

R&D activities normally require consortium formation due to the different areas of expertise involved in such activities. On the one hand, it is not trivial for a R&D entity to decide in which projects it should participate, or which are the adequate partners to form a consortium. On the other hand, acceptation of the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems has become a reality for the industry and researchers in areas, such as marketing, communication, or computer science. These tools contain in their basic packages features to manage key company actives, including partners and clients. However, R&D environments involve special characteristics and traits, which require an extension of functionalities in order to be accurately covered. The increasing strength and usefulness of semantic technologies have led to innovative decision support processes and management of partners and R&D call for proposals. This work introduces an architecture that integrates R&D processes with the CRM philosophy.

Multichannel Modality in Displaying Information

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Benetti ◽  
Gianluca Mazzini
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Physical Location ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One

Computer science and telecommunications are increasingly important in society and this leads also public administrations to take advantage of ICT, in order to communicate with citizens in a more rapid and simpler way than the complex and paper-based bureaucracy of the past. While on the one hand the use of these technologies responds to the duty of any public institution to involve the largest number of addressees, on the other hand, society must also consider the limitations of these technologies. Firstly not everybody is so familiar in their use. Moreover, the digital administration thus becomes virtual, accessible only through technological devices and not present in a physical location, and is therefore essential to ensure full coverage of the territory, which is currently not always possible. The main novelty of this paper is the implementation of an automated system capable of adapting different types of government services to multiple communication media. The joint exploitation of multiple technologies allows to use the strengths of one of them when are found the limits of another, making this multichannel modality the solution to the requirement of ICT in public administration.

Transglossic language practices

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaila Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Texts ◽  
The One

This paper contributes to a recent development in Applied Linguistics that encourages research from trans- approaches. Drawing on the results of an ethnographic research project carried out in a university of Bangladesh. It is illustrated how young adults actively and reflexively use a mixture of codes, modes, genres, and popular cultural texts in their language practices within the historical and spatial realities of their lives. The paper shows that the interpretive capacity of heteroglossia increases when complemented by an understanding derived from transgressive approaches to language. The paper proposes a reconceptualised version of heteroglossia, namely transglossia, which explores the fixity and fluidity of language in the 21th Century. On the one hand, transglossia is a theoretical framework that addresses the transcendence and transformation of meaning in heteroglossic voices. On the other hand, a transglossic framework untangles the social, historical, political, ideological, and spatial realities within which voices emerge. Overall, it is suggested that transglossia and a transglossic framework can provide us with an understanding of language that notions such as code-mixing or code-switching or any language-centric analysis fail to unveil.

Deep time and compressed time in the Anthropocene: The new timescape and the value of cosmic storytelling

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Boris Shoshitaishvili
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Geologic History ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One

The scientific discovery of our universe’s immense cosmological history and Earth’s vast geologic history has radically altered common perceptions of time, prompting us to think in terms of millions and billions of years rather than hundreds and thousands. Meanwhile human societies impact the Earth System at accelerating rates and more comprehensively than ever before, leading scientists to propose the new geological epoch of the Anthropocene. These two contrasting temporal transformations have mostly been considered separately: the expanding awareness of cosmological and geologic duration, on the one hand, and the acute sense of swift technological change, on the other. However, their contrast and coexistence are important to recognize. The challenge of understanding the Anthropocene’s complex timescales is partly due to the inability of human institutions to reconcile this twofold disruption whereby time has both expanded (into deep time) and compressed (in techno-social acceleration). After theorizing this transformation, I evaluate the current cosmic stories helping human beings reconceptualize the new timescape.

Toward a “reconfiguration of the material and ideal foundations” of gendered entrepreneurship?

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-272
Author(s):  
Gabriel Etogo
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender Differentiation ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
The One ◽  
Entrepreneurial Dynamics

Purpose This paper aims to analyze social sex relations by hypothesizing a reconfiguration, in a future time, of the “material and ideal foundations” of gendered entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach The approach consisted in adopting the gender approach in order to identify, on the one hand, the material and ideal elements that underlie the dominant entrepreneurial ethos; on the other hand, to question, starting from a “heuristic hypothesis”, the emergence, in a future time, of representations, behaviors and practices opposable to the dominant entrepreneurial ethos. Findings The research outcomes reveal that by investing in traditionally male bastions, women develop entrepreneurial dynamics detached from any gendered approach. This approach suggests how the representations, behaviors and practices related to the dominant entrepreneurial ethos can be modified. Originality/value At a great distance from some “naturalization of competences”, this paper deals with the modalities that contribute to overcoming the principles of gender differentiation. It proposes a theoretical framework to understand how the mobilization of the gender approach, characterized by the lack of differentiation of skills, invites, from a “heuristic hypothesis”, a questioning of the dominant entrepreneurial ethos.

scholarly journals Philosophy and the Sciences After Kant

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 275-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Massimi
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
International Conference ◽  
American Philosophical Association ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
University Of Notre Dame ◽  
The One

On 11th October 2007, at the first international conference on Integrated History and Philosophy of Science (&HPS1) hosted by the Center for Philosophy of Science in Pittsburgh, Ernan McMullin (University of Notre Dame) portrayed a rather gloomy scenario concerning the current relationship between history and philosophy of science (HPS), on the one hand, and mainstream philosophy, on the other hand, as testified by a significant drop in the presence of HPS papers at various meetings of the American Philosophical Association (APA).

scholarly journals From the Separateness of Space to the Ideality of Sensation. Thoughts on the Possibilities of Actualizing Hegel's Philosophy of Nature

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 86-103
Author(s):  
Dieter Wandschneider
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophy Of Nature ◽  
Law Of Nature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Methodical Principle

AbstractThe Cartesian concept of nature, which has determined modem thinking until the present time, has become obsolete. It shall be shown that Hegel's objective-idealistic conception of nature discloses, in comparison to that of Descartes, new perspectives for the comprehension of nature and that this, in turn, results in possibilities of actualizing Hegel's philosophy of nature.If the argumentation concerning philosophy of nature is intended to catch up with the concrete Being-of-nature and to meet it in its concretion, then this is impossible for the finite spirit in a strictly a priori sense — this is the thesis supported here which is not at all close to Hegel. As the argumentation rather has to consider the conditions of realization concerning the Being-of-nature, too, it is compelled to take up empirical elements — concerning the organism, for instance, system-theoretical aspects, physical and chemical features of the nervous system, etc. With that, on the one hand, empirical-scientific premises are assumed (e.g. the lawlikeness of nature), which on the other hand become (now close to Hegel) possibly able to be founded in the frame of a Hegelian-idealistic conception. In this sense, a double strategy of empirical-scientific concretization and objective-idealistic foundation is followed up, which represents the methodical basic principle of the developed considerations.In the course of the undertaking, the main aspects of the whole Hegelian design concerning the philosophy of nature are considered — space and time, mass and motion, force and law of nature, the organism, the problem of evolution, psychic being — as well as Hegel's basic thesis concerning the philosophy of nature, that therein a tendency towards coherence and idealization manifests itself in the sense of a (categorically) gradually rising succession of nature: from the separateness of space to the ideality of sensation. In the sense of the double strategy of concretization and foundation it is shown that on the one hand possibilities of philosophical penetration concerning actual empirical-scientific results are opened, and on the other hand — in tum — a re-interpretation of Hegel's theorem on the basis of physical, evolution-theoretical and system-theoretical argumentation also becomes possible. In this mutual crossing-over and elucidation of empirical and Hegelian argumentation not only do perspectives of a new comprehension of nature become visible, but also, at the same time — as an essential consequence of this methodical principle — thoughts on the possibilities of actualizing Hegel's philosophy of nature.

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