scholarly journals Breaking the cosmological background degeneracy by two-fluid perturbations in f(R) gravity

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (07) ◽  
pp. 1550053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Abebe
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Cosmological Perturbations ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
First Order ◽  
Cosmological Background ◽  
Theories Of Gravity ◽  
Two Fluid

One of the exact solutions of f(R) theories of gravity in the presence of different forms of matter exactly mimics the ΛCDM solution of general relativity (GR) at the background level. In this work we study the evolution of scalar cosmological perturbations in the covariant and gauge-invariant formalism and show that although the background in such a model is indistinguishable from the standard ΛCDM cosmology, this degeneracy is broken at the level of first-order perturbations. This is done by predicting different rates of structure formation in ΛCDM and the f(R) model both in the complete and quasi-static regimes.

scholarly journals Cosmological perturbations and structure formation in nonlocal infrared modifications of general relativity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (06) ◽  
pp. 033-033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Dirian ◽  
Stefano Foffa ◽  
Nima Khosravi ◽  
Martin Kunz ◽  
Michele Maggiore
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Cosmological Perturbations

scholarly journals CAN f(R) GRAVITY MIMIC GENERAL RELATIVITY?

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE-AN GU
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
Modified Theories Of Gravity ◽  
Cosmological Perturbations ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Theories Of Gravity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Higher Order Differential Equations

We discuss the stability of the general-relativity (GR) limit in modified theories of gravity, particularly the f(R) theory. The problem of approximating the higher-order differential equations in modified gravity with the Einstein equations (2nd-order differential equations) in GR is elaborated. We demonstrate this problem with a heuristic example involving a simple ordinary differential equation. With this example we further present the iteration method that may serve as a better approximation for solving the equation, meanwhile providing a criterion for assessing the validity of the approximation. We then discuss our previous numerical analyses of the early-time evolution of the cosmological perturbations in f(R) gravity, following the similar ideas demonstrated by the heuristic example. The results of the analyses indicated the possible instability of the GR limit that might make the GR approximation inaccurate in describing the evolution of the cosmological perturbations in the long run.

scholarly journals Removing Ostrogradski’s ghost from cosmological perturbations in f(R,Rμν2,Cμνρσ2) gravity

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1650067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Akita ◽  
Tsutomu Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
General Formula ◽  
Ricci Tensor ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Cosmological Perturbations ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Cosmological Background ◽  
Density Perturbations ◽  
Sitter Background ◽  
Theories Of Gravity

Recently, it was argued that gravity with the square of the Ricci tensor can be stabilized by adding constraints to the theory in a Lorentz violating way. This was so far demonstrated for fluctuations on the Minkowski/de Sitter background. We show that the same scheme works equally well for removing Ostrogradski’s ghost from fluctuations on a cosmological background in generic [Formula: see text]-type theories of gravity. As an application, we derive the general formula for the spectrum of primordial tensor perturbations from the stabilized theory. The evolution of matter density perturbations is also discussed.

scholarly journals Einstein–Yang–Mills theory: gauge invariant charges and linearization instability

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel Altas ◽  
Ercan Kilicarslan ◽  
Bayram Tekin
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Order Perturbation ◽  
Order Perturbation Theory ◽  
Gauge Fields ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
First Order ◽  
Flat Spacetime ◽  
First Order Perturbation

AbstractWe construct the gauge-invariant electric and magnetic charges in Yang–Mills theory coupled to cosmological general relativity (or any other geometric gravity), extending the flat spacetime construction of Abbott and Deser (Phys Lett B 116:259–263, 1982). For non-vanishing background gauge fields, the charges receive non-trivial contribution from the gravity part. In addition, we study the constraints on the first order perturbation theory and establish the conditions for linearization instability: that is the validity of the first order perturbation theory.

scholarly journals Revisiting cosmologies in teleparallelism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio D'Ambrosio ◽  
Lavinia Heisenberg ◽  
Simon Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Symmetry Reduction ◽  
Affine Geometry ◽  
Linear Extensions ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Torsion Scalar ◽  
Friedmann Equations ◽  
General Field ◽  
Theories Of Gravity

Abstract We discuss the most general field equations for cosmological spacetimes for theories of gravity based on non-linear extensions of the non-metricity scalar and the torsion scalar. Our approach is based on a systematic symmetry-reduction of the metric-affine geometry which underlies these theories. While for the simplest conceivable case the connection disappears from the field equations and one obtains the Friedmann equations of General Relativity, we show that in $f(\mathbb{Q})$ cosmology the connection generically modifies the metric field equations and that some of the connection components become dynamical. We show that $f(\mathbb{Q})$ cosmology contains the exact General Relativity solutions and also exact solutions which go beyond. In $f(\mathbb{T})$~cosmology, however, the connection is completely fixed and not dynamical.

On the evolution and stability of cosmological perturbations in higher order scalar–tensor theories of gravity

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-373
Author(s):  
Fateme Rajabi ◽  
Kourosh Nozari
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Cosmological Perturbations ◽  
First Order ◽  
Higher Order Terms ◽  
General Scalar ◽  
New Type ◽  
Theories Of Gravity ◽  
The Stability

We study a new type of extended theory of gravity in the framework of general scalar–tensor theories in which the higher order terms of curvature are coupled with a scalar field and its derivatives. We analyze the stability and evolution of cosmological perturbations in this setup. For this purpose, we perturb the Hubble parameter, matter density, and scalar field to check stability and evolution of perturbations to first order. In this framework, we investigate stability conditions for de Sitter and power law solutions and we examine viability of cosmological evolution of these perturbations. We consider some specific f(R) models and show that the stability analysis gives some constraints on the parameters of these models.

scholarly journals Gauge invariant canonical cosmological perturbation theory with geometrical clocks in extended phase-space — A review and applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 1830005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Giesel ◽  
Adrian Herzog
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Hamiltonian Formulation ◽  
Cosmological Perturbations ◽  
Cosmological Perturbation ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Cosmological Perturbation Theory ◽  
Starting Point

The theory of cosmological perturbations is a well-elaborated field and has been successfully applied, e.g. to model the structure formation in our universe and the prediction of the power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background. To deal with the diffeomorphism invariance of general relativity, one generally introduces combinations of the metric and matter perturbations, which are gauge invariant up to the considered order in the perturbations. For linear cosmological perturbations, one works with the so-called Bardeen potentials widely used in this context. However, there exists no common procedure to construct gauge invariant quantities also for higher-order perturbations. Usually, one has to find new gauge invariant quantities independently for each order in perturbation theory. With the relational formalism introduced by Rovelli and further developed by Dittrich and Thiemann, it is in principle possible to calculate manifestly gauge invariant quantities, that is quantities that are gauge invariant up to arbitrary order once one has chosen a set of so-called reference fields, often also called clock fields. This article contains a review of the relational formalism and its application to canonical general relativity following the work of Garcia, Pons, Sundermeyer and Salisbury. As the starting point for our application of this formalism to cosmological perturbation theory, we also review the Hamiltonian formulation of the linearized theory for perturbations around FLRW spacetimes. The main aim of our work will be to identify clock fields in the context of the relational formalism that can be used to reconstruct quantities like the Bardeen potential as well as the Mukhanov–Sasaki variable. This requires a careful analysis of the canonical formulation in the extended ADM-phase-space where lapse and shift are treated as dynamical variables. The actual construction of such observables and further investigations thereof will be carried out in our companion paper.

scholarly journals AVERAGING EINSTEIN'S EQUATIONS: THE LINEARIZED CASE

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 1001-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM R. STOEGER ◽  
AMINA HELMI ◽  
DIEGO F. TORRES
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
Cosmological Perturbations ◽  
Einstein’S Equations ◽  
Einstein's Equations ◽  
Intermediate Scale ◽  
First Order ◽  
Local Coordinates

We introduce a simple and straightforward averaging procedure, which is a generalization of one which is commonly used in electrodynamics, and show that it possesses all the characteristics we require for linearized averaging in general relativity and cosmology — for weak-field and perturbed FLRW situations. In particular, we demonstrate that it yields quantities which are approximately tensorial in these situations, and that its application to an exact FLRW metric yields another FLRW metric, to first-order in integrals over the local coordinates. Finally, we indicate some important limits of any linearized averaging procedure with respect to cosmological perturbations which are the result of averages over large amplitude small and intermediate scale inhomogeneities, and show our averaging procedure can be approximately implemented by that of Zotov and Stoeger in these cases.

scholarly journals Off-Shell Noether Currents and Potentials for First-Order General Relativity

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Merced Montesinos ◽  
Diego Gonzalez ◽  
Rodrigo Romero ◽  
Mariano Celada
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Vector Fields ◽  
Killing Vector ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Killing Vector Fields ◽  
Arbitrary Vector ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
First Order ◽  
Direct Form ◽  
Definition Of

We report off-shell Noether currents obtained from off-shell Noether potentials for first-order general relativity described by n-dimensional Palatini and Holst Lagrangians including the cosmological constant. These off-shell currents and potentials are achieved by using the corresponding Lagrangian and the off-shell Noether identities satisfied by diffeomorphisms generated by arbitrary vector fields, local SO(n) or SO(n−1,1) transformations, ‘improved diffeomorphisms’, and the ‘generalization of local translations’ of the orthonormal frame and the connection. A remarkable aspect of our approach is that we do not use Noether’s theorem in its direct form. By construction, the currents are off-shell conserved and lead naturally to the definition of off-shell Noether charges. We also study what we call the ‘half off-shell’ case for both Palatini and Holst Lagrangians. In particular, we find that the resulting diffeomorphism and local SO(3,1) or SO(4) off-shell Noether currents and potentials for the Holst Lagrangian generically depend on the Immirzi parameter, which holds even in the ‘half off-shell’ and on-shell cases. We also study Killing vector fields in the ‘half off-shell’ and on-shell cases. The current theoretical framework is illustrated for the ‘half off-shell’ case in static spherically symmetric and Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker spacetimes in four dimensions.

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