Particle dark matter direct detection

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (07) ◽  
pp. 1630018
Author(s):  
Rita Bernabei
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Particle Dark Matter ◽  
Interaction Types ◽  
The Universe

Nearly a century of experimental observations and theoretical arguments have pointed out that a large fraction of the Universe is composed by dark matter particles. Many possibilities are open on the nature and interaction types of such relic particles. Moreover, the poor knowledge of many fundamental astrophysical, nuclear and particle physics aspects as well as of some experimental and theoretical parameters, the different used approaches and target materials, etc. make it challenging to understand the implication of some different experimental efforts. Some general arguments are addressed here. Future perspectives are mentioned.

scholarly journals DARK MATTER DYNAMICS AND INDIRECT DETECTION

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1021-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIANFRANCO BERTONE ◽  
DAVID MERRITT
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Indirect Detection ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dark Matter Distribution ◽  
Particle Dark Matter ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Rule Out

Non-baryonic, or "dark", matter is believed to be a major component of the total mass budget of the Universe. We review the candidates for particle dark matter and discuss the prospects for direct detection (via interaction of dark matter particles with laboratory detectors) and indirect detection (via observations of the products of dark matter self-annihilations), focusing in particular on the Galactic center, which is among the most promising targets for indirect detection studies. The gravitational potential at the Galactic center is dominated by stars and by the supermassive black hole, and the dark matter distribution is expected to evolve on sub-parsec scales due to interaction with these components. We discuss the dominant interaction mechanisms and show how they can be used to rule out certain extreme models for the dark matter distribution, thus increasing the information that can be gleaned from indirect detection searches.

scholarly journals DAMA RESULTS: DARK MATTER IN THE GALACTIC HALO

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (A) ◽  
pp. 589-594
Author(s):  
R. Bernabei ◽  
P. Belli ◽  
F. Cappella ◽  
V. Caracciolo ◽  
R. Cerulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Galactic Halo ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Model Independent ◽  
The Universe

Experimental efforts and theoretical developmens support that most of the Universe is Dark and a large fraction of it should be made of relic particles; many possibilities are open on their nature and interaction types. In particular, the DAMA/LIBRA experiment at Gran Sasso Laboratory (sensitive mass: ~250 kg) is mainly devoted to the investigation of Dark Matter (DM) particles in the Galactic halo by exploiting the model independent DM annual modulation signature with higly radiopure Na I(Tl) targets. DAMA/LIBRA is the succesor of the first generation DAMA/NaI (sensitive mass: ~100 kg); cumulatively the two experiments have released so far the results obtained by analyzing an exposure of 1.17 t yr, collected over 13 annual cycles. The data show a model independent evidence of the presence of DM particles in the galactic halo at 8.9σ confidence level (C.L.). Some of the already achieved results are shortly reminded, the last upgrade occurred at fall 2010 is mentioned and future perspectives are sumarized.

EXPERIMENTS ON WIMPS, SIMPS, AND HOT DARK MATTER

1994 ◽  
Vol 03 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
DAVID O. CALDWELL
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Dark Matter Particle ◽  
Dirac Particles ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Ionization Detectors ◽  
The Universe

The particle which constitutes more than 90% of the mass of the universe is not one of those in the Standard Model of particle physics. The search for this dark matter particle has now eliminated or severely restricted many candidates. While accelerator-produced results and indirect searches have helped, the most extensive exclusions have come from attempts at direct detection using semiconductor ionization detectors. The region excluded by direct detection extends over 12 orders of magnitude in particle mass and 20 orders of magnitude in cross section for Dirac particles. The need is now to get to cross sections less than one-tenth the weak cross section for Dirac masses >20 GeV and to use detectors having nuclei with spin for Majorana masses ≳10 GeV. Light neutrinos, while not detectable directly, can be eliminated as dominant dark matter if the 17-keV neutrino exists.

scholarly journals Background Light from Population III Stars

1987 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 414-414
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Density Parameter ◽  
Extragalactic Background Light ◽  
Background Light ◽  
Far Ultraviolet ◽  
The Universe

It has been proposed (e.g. Carr, Bond and Arnett 1984) that the first generation of stars may have been Very Massive Objects (VMOs, of mass above 200 M⊙) which existed at large redshifts and left a large fraction of the mass of the universe in black hole remnants which now provide the dynamical ‘dark matter’. The radiation from these stars would be present today as extragalactic background light. For stars with density parameter Ω* which convert a fraction ϵ of their rest-mass to radiation at a redshift of z, the energy density of background radiation in units of the critical density is ΩR = εΩ* / (1+z). The VMOs would be far-ultraviolet sources with effective temperatures of 105 K. If the radiation is not absorbed, the constraints provided by measurements of background radiation imply (for H =50 km/s/Mpc) that the stars cannot close the universe unless they formed at a redshift of 40 or more. To provide the dark matter (of one-tenth closure density) the optical limits imply that they must have existed at redshifts above 25.

Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) Releases New Results on Dark Matter Detection

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
Yuan-Hann Chang
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Magnetic Spectrometer ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
Dark Matter Detection ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Matter Detection ◽  
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

It is known that the majority (about 80%) of the matter in the universe is not visible, but rather a hypothetical "Dark Matter". The existence of Dark Matter has been postulated to explain the discrepancies between the estimated mass of visible matters in the galaxies, and their gravitational effects. Although it has been postulated for over 70 years, and has been commonly accepted by most scientists, the essence of the Dark Matter has not yet been understood. In particular, we still do not know what constitutes the Dark Matter. Direct detection of the Dark Matter is therefore one of the most important issues in physics.

scholarly journals A dark clue to seesaw and leptogenesis in a pseudo-Dirac singlet doublet scenario with (non)standard cosmology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Konar ◽  
Ananya Mukherjee ◽  
Abhijit Kumar Saha ◽  
Sudipta Show
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mass Term ◽  
Baryon Asymmetry ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Lepton Asymmetry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

Abstract We propose an appealing alternative scenario of leptogenesis assisted by dark sector which leads to the baryon asymmetry of the Universe satisfying all theoretical and experimental constraints. The dark sector carries a non minimal set up of singlet doublet fermionic dark matter extended with copies of a real singlet scalar field. A small Majorana mass term for the singlet dark fermion, in addition to the typical Dirac term, provides the more favourable dark matter of pseudo-Dirac type, capable of escaping the direct search. Such a construction also offers a formidable scope to radiative generation of active neutrino masses. In the presence of a (non)standard thermal history of the Universe, we perform the detailed dark matter phenomenology adopting the suitable benchmark scenarios, consistent with direct detection and neutrino oscillations data. Besides, we have demonstrated that the singlet scalars can go through CP-violating out of equilibrium decay, producing an ample amount of lepton asymmetry. Such an asymmetry then gets converted into the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe through the non-perturbative sphaleron processes owing to the presence of the alternative cosmological background considered here. Unconventional thermal history of the Universe can thus aspire to lend a critical role both in the context of dark matter as well as in realizing baryogenesis.

A Tale of Two Infinities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Bertone
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Modern Astronomy

The spectacular advances of modern astronomy have opened our horizon on an unexpected cosmos: a dark, mysterious Universe, populated by enigmatic entities we know very little about, like black holes, or nothing at all, like dark matter and dark energy. In this book, I discuss how the rise of a new discipline dubbed multimessenger astronomy is bringing about a revolution in our understanding of the cosmos, by combining the traditional approach based on the observation of light from celestial objects, with a new one based on other ‘messengers’—such as gravitational waves, neutrinos, and cosmic rays—that carry information from otherwise inaccessible corners of the Universe. Much has been written about the extraordinary potential of this new discipline, since the 2017 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded for the direct detection of gravitational waves. But here I will take a different angle and explore how gravitational waves and other messengers might help us break the stalemate that has been plaguing fundamental physics for four decades, and to consolidate the foundations of modern cosmology.

scholarly journals The Search for Feebly Interacting Particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-313
Author(s):  
Gaia Lanfranchi ◽  
Maxim Pospelov ◽  
Philip Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Interacting Particles ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

At the dawn of a new decade, particle physics faces the challenge of explaining the mystery of dark matter, the origin of matter over antimatter in the Universe, the apparent fine-tuning of the electroweak scale, and many other aspects of fundamental physics. Perhaps the most striking frontier to emerge in the search for answers involves New Physics at mass scales comparable to that of familiar matter—below the GeV scale but with very feeble interaction strength. New theoretical ideas to address dark matter and other fundamental questions predict such feebly interacting particles (FIPs) at these scales, and existing data may even provide hints of this possibility. Emboldened by the lessons of the LHC, a vibrant experimental program to discover such physics is underway, guided by a systematic theoretical approach that is firmly grounded in the underlying principles of the Standard Model. We give an overview of these efforts, their motivations, and the decadal goals that animate the community involved in the search for FIPs, and we focus in particular on accelerator-based experiments.

scholarly journals Dark Matter Searches at Colliders

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Boveia ◽  
Caterina Doglioni
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
The Future ◽  
Particle Dark Matter ◽  
Near Future

Colliders, among the most successful tools of particle physics, have revealed much about matter. This review describes how colliders contribute to the search for particle dark matter, focusing on the highest-energy collider currently in operation, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. In the absence of hints about the character of interactions between dark matter and standard matter, this review emphasizes what could be observed in the near future, presents the main experimental challenges, and discusses how collider searches fit into the broader field of dark matter searches. Finally, it highlights a few areas to watch for the future LHC program.

scholarly journals DARK MATTER AXIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 554-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SIKIVIE
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Einstein Condensate ◽  
Dark Matter Halos ◽  
Linear Regime ◽  
Bose Einstein Condensate ◽  
Invisible Axion ◽  
Bose Einstein ◽  
The Universe

The hypothesis of an 'invisible' axion was made by Misha Shifman and others, approximately thirty years ago. It has turned out to be an unusually fruitful idea, crossing boundaries between particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. An axion with mass of order 10-5 eV (with large uncertainties) is one of the leading candidates for the dark matter of the universe. It was found recently that dark matter axions thermalize and form a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Because they form a BEC, axions differ from ordinary cold dark matter (CDM) in the non-linear regime of structure formation and upon entering the horizon. Axion BEC provides a mechanism for the production of net overall rotation in dark matter halos, and for the alignment of cosmic microwave anisotropy multipoles. Because there is evidence for these phenomena, unexplained with ordinary CDM, an argument can be made that the dark matter is axions.

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