Far-Field Performances Prediction of High Frequency Projectors Using Secondary Source Array Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiquan Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Directivity Pattern ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Voltage Response ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Source Array ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper investigates the prediction of the far-field performances of high frequency projectors using the second source array method (SSAM). The far-field parameters can be calculated accurately using the complex acoustic pressure data of two very close parallel planes which lie in the near-field region of the projector. The paper simulates the feasibility of predicting the far-field parameters such as transmitting voltage response and the far-field directivity pattern. The predicting results are compared with that calculated using boundary element method (BEM). It shows very good agreement between the two methods. A planar high frequency projector is measured using the near-field method. In order to verify the predicting results, the far-field measurement is performed for the same projector. The comparison of the results shows that the near-field method is capable to precisely predict the far-field parameters of the projector.

An Extrapolation Method to Compute Far-Field Pressures From Near-Field Pressures Obtained by Finite Element Method

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Assaad ◽  
Christian Bruneel ◽  
Jean-Michel Rouvaen ◽  
Régis Bossut
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Radiation Condition ◽  
Directivity Pattern ◽  
Extrapolation Method ◽  
External Boundary ◽  
Finite Width ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Element Method

Abstract The finite element method is widely used for the modeling of piezoelectric transducers. With respect to the radiation loading, the fluid is meshed and terminated by an external nonreflecting surface. This reflecting surface can be made up with dipolar damping elements that absorb approximately the outgoing acoustic wave. In fact, with dipolar dampers the fluid mesh can be quite limited. This method can provides a direct computation of the near-field pressure inside the selected external boundary. This paper describes an original extrapolation method to compute far-field pressures from near-field pressures in the two-dimensional (2-D) case. In fact, using the 2-D Helmholtz equation and its solution obeying the Sommerfeld radiation condition, the far-field directivity pattern can be expressed in terms of the near-field directivity pattern. These developments are valid for any radiation problem in 2D. One test example is described which consists of a finite width planar source mounted in a rigid or a soft baffle. Experimental results concerning the far-field directivity pattern of lithium niobate bars (Y-cut) are also presented.

scholarly journals Optical near-field mapping of plasmonic nanostructures prepared by nanosphere lithography

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1536-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitanjali Kolhatkar ◽  
Alexandre Merlen ◽  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Chahinez Dab ◽  
Gregory Q Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Nanosphere Lithography ◽  
Plasmonic Nanostructures ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Non Destructive

We introduce a simple, fast, efficient and non-destructive method to study the optical near-field properties of plasmonic nanotriangles prepared by nanosphere lithography. Using a rectangular Fourier filter on the blurred signal together with filtering of the lower spatial frequencies to remove the far-field contribution, the pure near-field contributions of the optical images were extracted. We performed measurements using two excitation wavelengths (532.1 nm and 632.8 nm) and two different polarizations. After the processing of the optical images, the distribution of hot spots can be correlated with the topography of the structures, as indicated by the presence of brighter spots at the apexes of the nanostructures. This technique is validated by comparison of the results to numerical simulations, where agreement is obtained, thereby confirming the near-field nature of the images. Our approach does not require any advanced equipment and we suggest that it could be applied to any type of sample, while keeping the measurement times reasonably short.

Comparison of ultralow-sidelobe-antenna far-field patterns using the planar-near-field method and the far-field method

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Francis ◽  
A.C. Newell ◽  
K.R. Grimm ◽  
J. Hoffman ◽  
H.E. Schrank
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Field Patterns

Noise Prediction for Multi-Element Airfoil Based on FW-H Equation

2011 ◽  
Vol 52-54 ◽  
pp. 1388-1393
Author(s):  
Jun Tao ◽  
Gang Sun ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Miao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Aerodynamic Noise ◽  
Noise Prediction ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Acoustic Analogy ◽  
Acoustic Information ◽  
Good Agreement

In this article, four observation points are selected in the flow field when predicting aerodynamic noise of a multi-element airfoil for both a coarser grid and a finer grid. Numerical simulation of N-S equations is employed to obtain near-field acoustic information, then far-field acoustic information is obtained through acoustic analogy theory combined with FW-H equation. Computation indicates: the codes calculate the flow field in good agreement with the experimental data; The finer the grid is, the more stable the calculated sound pressure level (SPL) is and the more regularly d(SPL)/d(St) varies.

Signature of coseismic off-fault damage in intermediate- and far-field radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurama Okubo ◽  
Harsha S. Bhat ◽  
Esteban Rougier ◽  
Marine A. Denolle
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Earthquake Rupture ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Earthquake Sources ◽  
Planar Fault ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Radiation

<p>Off-fault damage is observed around fault cores in a wide range of length scales, which is identified as an aggregation of localized fractures via geological and geodetic observations, or as low-velocity zone via seismological tomography. However, its seismological observables in earthquake traces, e.g. change in source spectra and/or radiation pattern, remains to be investigated. </p><p>Okubo et al. (2019) proposed an approach framework of physics-based dynamic earthquake rupture modeling with coseismic off-fault damage using the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM). It shows a non-negligible contribution of coseismic damage to rupture dynamics, high-frequency radiation and overall energy budget, whereas the model domain is limited in the near-field region. This study efficiently computes intermediate- and far-field radiation propagating from earthquake sources with coseismic off-fault damage, and to identify its signature in the seismic traces.</p><p>We first conduct the dynamic earthquake rupture with coseismic damage and compute synthetic near-field radiation using FDEM-based software tool, HOSSedu, developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory. We then couple the output of HOSSedu to SPECFEM2D in order to compute intermediate- and far-field radiation. The HOSS-SPECFEM2D coupling can resolve complexities over wide range of length scales associated with earthquake sources with coseismic damage and wave propagation.</p><p>We conduct 2D dynamic earthquake rupture modeling with a finite planar fault as canonical simplest model. The comparison between the cases with and without allowing for coseismic off-fault damage shows differences in intermediate- and far-field radiation. 1) High-frequency components in ground motion are enhanced all around the fault. 2) The rupture arresting phase, which clearly appears at the stations located orthogonal to the fault for the case without off-fault damage, is damped due to the smoothed rupture arrest by coseismic damage around fault edges. 3) Radiated energy is enhanced in the direction parallel to the fault due to the substantial damage around fault edges.</p><p>These fundamental observables will help identify the existence of coseismic off-fault damage in real earthquakes. It would also contribute to resolve the mechanisms of earthquake sources and the potential distribution of aftershock locations. We also attempt to replace the planar fault to the real fault geometry, e.g. the fault system associated with the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, and will investigate the signature of off-fault damage in the seismic traces recorded in intermediate- and far-field range.</p>

Near Field Expression of Ship Wave Resistance by Yeung’s Method

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tsubogo
Keyword(s):  
Green Function ◽  
Boundary Value Problem ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Wave Resistance ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Ship Wave ◽  
Direct Pressure

The ship wave resistance can be evaluated by two alternative methods after solving the boundary value problem. One is the far field method e.g. Havelock’s formula, and another is the near field method based on direct pressure integration over the wetted hull surface. As is well known, there exist considerable discrepancies between wave resistance results by far field method and by near field method. This paper presents a Lagally expression in consistency with Havelock’s formula. In order to derive the Lagally expression, the symmetry of Havelock’s Green function is used in the same manner as Yeung et al (2004). Another expression to examine the relation with water pressure integrations or to ensure physical consistency is also derived by slightly deforming that expression. Some numerical comparisons of wave resistance of Wigley, KCS and KVLCC2 models among by Havelock’s formula, some direct pressure integration methods and present two new near field expressions, are shown to demonstrate consistency numerically.

scholarly journals Effect of Film Thickness on the Far- and Near-Field Optical Response of Nanoparticle-on-Film Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Armstrong ◽  
Willeke van Liempt ◽  
Peter Zijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Enhancement ◽  
Optical Response ◽  
Resonance Wavelength ◽  
Skin Depth ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Vertical Antenna ◽  
Antenna Mode ◽  
Good Agreement

<p>We study the near-field and far-field optical response of nanoparticle-on-film systems using single-nanoparticle spectroscopy and numerical simulations. We find that the optical spectra contain three dominant modes - a transverse dipole and quadrupole mode, and a dominant vertical antenna mode. We vary the thickness of the metal film from 10 – 45 nm, and find that the vertical antenna mode wavelength is nearly independent of the film thickness. In contrast, we find that the associated near-field enhancement in the gap between the particle and the film strongly depends on the film thickness. This trend is also observed in the far-field where the vertical antenna mode strongly increases in amplitude for increasing film-thicknesses up to the skin depth of gold. These findings are in good agreement with a numerical model and pave the way to study field-mediated processes such as fluorescence, SERS, and localized chemistry at the same resonance wavelength but at varying degrees of field enhancement.</p>

Far-field drag decomposition using hybrid formulas and vorticity based area sensors

2020 ◽  
pp. 095441002097390
Author(s):  
L Qiao ◽  
XL He ◽  
Y Sun ◽  
JQ Bai ◽  
L Li
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Axial Velocity ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Wave Drag ◽  
Viscous Drag ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Velocity Defect ◽  
Detection Failure

Numerical simulation of flow-field has become an indispensable tool for aerodynamic design. Usually, wall surface integration is a tool used to calculate values of pressure drag and skin friction drag, but the aerodynamic mechanism of drag production is still confusing. In present work, in order to decompose the total drag into viscous drag, wave drag, induced drag, and spurious drag, a far-field drag decomposition (FDD) method is developed. This method depends on axial velocity defect and area sensor functions. The present work proposes three hybrid formulas for velocity defect to tackle the negative square root issue by analyzing the existing axial velocity defect formulas. For dealing with the issue of detection failure for near-wall cells, a novel vorticity based viscous area sensor function is proposed. The new area sensor function is also independent of the turbulence model, which ensures easy application to general simulation methods for flow-field. Three tests cases are there to validate the proposed FDD method. The three dimensional transonic CRM test case shows that the present improvement is crucial for accurate drag decomposition. Excellent agreement between total decomposed drags and results from the near-field method or experimental data further confirms the correctness.

Experimental Investigations of Sound From Flow Over Rough Surfaces

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Anderson ◽  
Devin O. Stewart ◽  
William K. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Rough Surfaces ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Directivity Pattern ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Flow Speeds ◽  
Source Mechanisms

Turbulent boundary layer flows over rough surfaces are known to produce elevated far-field acoustic sound levels. The nature by which surface irregularities alter the near-field surface pressures and subsequently affect the sound generation to the scattering of high wavenumber convective pressures to low wavenumber acoustic pressures, which is typically interpreted as a dipole-like source. The focus of the current investigation is the experimental interrogation of both near- and far-field pressures due to the flow over roughened surfaces in order to identify the source mechanisms and to validate physical models of roughness sound. For rough surfaces composed of large geometrical elements (defined by large Reynolds numbers based on roughness height and friction velocity), such as hemispheres and cubes, the measured near-field surfaces pressures indicate that the local interstitial flows become important in determining the sound radiation characteristics. In order to describe the aeroacoustic source region, scaling laws are developed for surface pressures at locations around the roughness elements for various roughness configurations and flow speeds. Relationships between surface pressures amongst the rough surface elements and far-field pressures measured at several directional aspects were examined to identify roughness sound source mechanisms. Measurements of a dipole directivity pattern and dipole efficiency factors obtained when normalizing radiated sound by surface pressures offer support to the scattering theories for roughness sound. Using existing pressure scattering models as a basis, an empirical model for roughness sound is generated.

Thomas-Fermi fields for molecules with tetrahedral and octahedral symmetry

1952 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. March
Keyword(s):  
Charge Distribution ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Octahedral Symmetry ◽  
Thomas Fermi ◽  
Consistent Field ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Self Consistent Field ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractThe Thomas-Fermi method has been applied to molecules with tetrahedral or octahedral symmetry in the approximation in which the nuclei of the outer atoms are smeared out over the surface of a sphere. Solutions are given for the molecules CH4, CF4, CCl4, SiH4, SiF4 and SF6, and using the results presented here it will not be a difficult matter to obtain the solutions for other molecules if they should be required.A comparison of the results for CH4 with those of Buckingham, Massey and Tibbs shows that whilst for such a light molecule the charge distribution is somewhat poor, the potential is already in good agreement with the results of the Hartree self-consistent field method. For CCl4, however, the approximation of smoothing out all the protons appears to break down. An alternative approximation in which the K and L shell electrons are compressed into the nucleus and the modified nuclear charges smoothed, has been investigated and appears to give more reasonable results.A discussion of the energy has been given, but the method is not sufficiently accurate to be of value for energetic considerations.

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