PREDICTING FAULT-PRONE SOFTWARE MODULES IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS WITH CLASSIFICATION TREES

2002 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAGHI M. KHOSHGOFTAAR ◽  
EDWARD B. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Software Metrics ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Software Modules ◽  
Cart Algorithm

Embedded-computer systems have become essential to life in modern society. For example, the backbone of society's information infrastructure is telecommunications. Embedded systems must have highly reliable software, so that we avoid the severe consequences of failures, intolerable down-time, and expensive repairs in remote locations. Moreover, today's fast-moving technology marketplace mandates that embedded systems evolve, resulting in multiple software releases embedded in multiple products. Software quality models can be valuable tools for software engineering of embedded systems, because some software-enhancement techniques are so expensive or time-consuming that it is not practical to apply them to all modules. Targeting such enhancement techniques is an effective way to reduce the likelihood of faults discovered in the field. Research has shown software metrics to be useful predictors of software faults. A software quality model is developed using measurements and fault data from a past release. The calibrated model is then applied to modules currently under development. Such models yield predictions on a module-by-module basis. This paper examines the Classification And Regression Trees (CART) algorithm for building tree-based models that predict which software modules have high risk of faults to be discovered during operations. CART is attractive because it emphasizes pruning to achieve robust models. This paper presents details on the CART algorithm in the context of software engineering of embedded systems. We illustrate this approach with a case study of four consecutive releases of software embedded in a large telecommunications system. The level of accuracy achieved in the case study would be useful to developers of an embedded system. The case study indicated that this model would continue to be useful over several releases as the system evolves.

Fuzzy Logic Classifiers and Models in Quantitative Software Engineering

2009 ◽  
pp. 3142-3159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Pedrycz ◽  
Giancarlo Succi
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Software Metrics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Genetic Optimization ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Logic Models ◽  
Software Modules ◽  
Insight Into

The learning abilities and high transparency are the two important and highly desirable features of any model of software quality. The transparency and user-centricity of quantitative models of software engineering are of paramount relevancy as they help us gain a better and more comprehensive insight into the revealed relationships characteristic to software quality and software processes. In this study, we are concerned with logic-driven architectures of logic models based on fuzzy multiplexers (fMUXs). Those constructs exhibit a clear and modular topology whose interpretation gives rise to a collection of straightforward logic expressions. The design of the logic models is based on the genetic optimization and genetic algorithms, in particular. Through the prudent usage of this optimization framework, we address the issues of structural and parametric optimization of the logic models. Experimental studies exploit software data that relates software metrics (measures) to the number of modifications made to software modules.

Fuzzy Logic Classifiers and Models in Quantitative Software Engineering

2011 ◽  
pp. 148-167
Author(s):  
Witold Pedrycz ◽  
Giancarlo Succi
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Software Metrics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Genetic Optimization ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Logic Models ◽  
Software Modules ◽  
Insight Into

The learning abilities and high transparency are the two important and highly desirable features of any model of software quality. The transparency and user-centricity of quantitative models of software engineering are of paramount relevancy as they help us gain a better and more comprehensive insight into the revealed relationships characteristic to software quality and software processes. In this study, we are concerned with logic-driven architectures of logic models based on fuzzy multiplexers (fMUXs). Those constructs exhibit a clear and modular topology whose interpretation gives rise to a collection of straightforward logic expressions. The design of the logic models is based on the genetic optimization and genetic algorithms, in particular. Through the prudent usage of this optimization framework, we address the issues of structural and parametric optimization of the logic models. Experimental studies exploit software data that relates software metrics (measures) to the number of modifications made to software modules.

ESQuMo an Embedded Software Quality Model

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Embedded Software ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
The Embedded System

Embedded systems are increasingly used in our daily life due to their importance. They are computer platforms consisting of hardware and software. They run specific tasks to realize functional and non functional requirements. Several specific quality attributes were identified as relevant to the embedded system domain. However, the existent general quality models do not address clearly these specific quality attributes. Hence, the proposition of quality models which address the relevant quality attributes of embedded systems needs more attention and investigation. The major goal of this paper is to propose a new quality model (called ESQuMo for Embedded Software Quality Model) which provides a better understanding of quality in the context of embedded software. Besides, it focuses the light on the relevant attributes of the embedded software and addresses clearly the importance of these attributes. In fact, ESQuMo is based on the well-established ISO/IEC 25010 standard quality model.

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF SOFTWARE METRICS FOR ASSESSING THE PHASES OF AN AGILE PROJECT

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 525-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIULIO CONCAS ◽  
MICHELE MARCHESI ◽  
GIUSEPPE DESTEFANIS ◽  
ROBERTO TONELLI
Keyword(s):  
Software Quality ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Software Metrics ◽  
Pair Programming ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Agile Practices ◽  
Code Metrics ◽  
Agile Process ◽  
Adoption Level

We present an analysis of the evolution of a Web application project developed with object-oriented technology and an agile process. During the development we systematically performed measurements on the source code, using software metrics that have been proved to be correlated with software quality, such as the Chidamber and Kemerer suite and Lines of Code metrics. We also computed metrics derived from the class dependency graph, including metrics derived from Social Network Analysis. The application development evolved through phases, characterized by a different level of adoption of some key agile practices — namely pair programming, test-based development and refactoring. The evolution of the metrics of the system, and their behavior related to the agile practices adoption level, is presented and discussed. We show that, in the reported case study, a few metrics are enough to characterize with high significance the various phases of the project. Consequently, software quality, as measured using these metrics, seems directly related to agile practices adoption.

Trusting Computers Through Trusting Humans

2008 ◽  
pp. 3460-3474
Author(s):  
Alison Adam ◽  
Paul Spedding
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Software Verification ◽  
Mathematical Proof ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Software Quality Assurance ◽  
The Social

This article considers the question of how we may trust automatically generated program code. The code walkthroughs and inspections of software engineering mimic the ways that mathematicians go about assuring themselves that a mathematical proof is true. Mathematicians have difficulty accepting a computer generated proof because they cannot go through the social processes of trusting its construction. Similarly, those involved in accepting a proof of a computer system or computer generated code cannot go through their traditional processes of trust. The process of software verification is bound up in software quality assurance procedures, which are themselves subject to commercial pressures. Quality standards, including military standards, have procedures for human trust designed into them. An action research case study of an avionics system within a military aircraft company illustrates these points, where the software quality assurance (SQA) procedures were incommensurable with the use of automatically generated code.

UML as Front-End Language for Embedded Systems Design

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Lisane Brisolara de Brisolara ◽  
Marcio Eduardo Kreutz ◽  
Luigi Carro
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uml Diagrams ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter covers the use of UML as a modeling language for embedded systems design. It introduces the UML language, presenting the history of its definition, its main diagrams and characteristics. Using a case study, we show that using the standard UML with its limitations one is not able to model many important characteristics of embedded systems. For that reason, UML provides extension mechanisms that enable one to extend the language for a given domain, through the definition of profiles covering domain-specific applications. Several profiles have been proposed for the embedded systems domain, and some of those that have been standardized by OMG are presented here. A case study is also used to present MARTE, a new profile specifically proposed for the embedded system domain, enabling designers to model aspects like performance and schedulability. This chapter also presents a discussion about the effort to generate code from UML diagrams and analyses the open issues to the successful use of UML in the whole embedded system design flow.

Trusting Computers Through Trusting Humans

2011 ◽  
pp. 384-398
Author(s):  
Alison Adam ◽  
Paul Spedding
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Software Verification ◽  
Mathematical Proof ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Software Quality Assurance ◽  
The Social

This chapter considers the question of how we may trust automatically generated program code. The code walkthroughs and inspections of software engineering mimic the ways that mathematicians go about assuring themselves that a mathematical proof is true. Mathematicians have difficulty accepting a computer generated proof because they cannot go through the social processes of trusting its construction. Similarly, those involved in accepting a proof of a computer system or computer generated code cannot go through their traditional processes of trust. The process of software verification is bound up in software quality assurance procedures, which are themselves subject to commercial pressures. Quality standards, including military standards, have procedures for human trust designed into them. An action research case study of an avionics system within a military aircraft company illustrates these points, where the software quality assurance (SQA) procedures were incommensurable with the use of automatically generated code.

Quality Assessment of Standard and Customized COTS Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sudhaman Parthasarathy ◽  
C. Sridharan ◽  
Thangavel Chandrakumar ◽  
S. Sridevi
Keyword(s):  
Software Quality ◽  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Software Metrics ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Erp System ◽  
Cots Products ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf

Software quality is a very important aspect in evolving strategy for IT vendors involved in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) (also referred as packaged software) product development. Software metrics are widely accepted measures for monitoring and managing the quality in software projects. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are COTS products and attempt to integrate data and processes in organizations and often require extensive customization. Using software quality metrics already established in literature, software quality attributes defined by the quality model ISO/IEC 9126 were evaluated for a standard and a customized ERP product. This will help the ERP team to identify the specific quality attributes that were affected owing to customization. This research study infers that there exists a considerable impact of ERP system customization over the quality of ERP product. The implications of the findings for both practice and research are discussed, and possible areas of future research are identified.

A Design of Software Quality Model for Embedded System

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 680-683
Author(s):  
Hwa Young Jeong ◽  
Yoon Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Unit Work ◽  
Special Environment

This research aims to make a quality model for embedded system to consider special environment such as the development of adaptation with each system unit, work of interface between the units, and so on. For this process, we extract the attributes to fit on embedded system from DeLone and McLean’s IS model. Their model is not for embedded system but for information system. Therefore we delete and insert some attributes to correspond embedded system functions from their model. The proposed model has three qualities; system quality, information quality and operation quality in system design part, and we make the quality model to consider the relation of influence with each other.

scholarly journals Design Patterns as Laws of Quality

2011 ◽  
pp. 104-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann-Gaël Gueheneuc ◽  
Jean-Yves Guyomarc’h ◽  
Khashayar Khosravi ◽  
Hourari Sahraoui
Keyword(s):  
Software Quality ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
First Case ◽  
Software Quality Models

Software quality models link internal attributes of programs with external quality characteristics. They help in understanding relationships among internal attributes and between internal attributes and quality characteristics. Object-oriented software quality models usually use metrics on classes (such as number of methods) or on relationships between classes (for example coupling) to measure internal attributes of programs. However, the quality of object-oriented programs does not depend on classes solely: it depends on the organisation of classes also. We propose an approach to build quality models using patterns to consider program architectures. We justify the use of patterns to build quality models, describe the advantages and limitations of such an approach, and introduce a first case study in building and in applying a quality model using design patterns on the JHotDraw, JUnit, and Lexi programs. We conclude on the advantages of using patterns to build software quality models and on the difficulty of doing so.

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