PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CaZrO3COATING ON GRAPHITE FOR TiNi ALLOY MELTING

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1950152
Author(s):  
BIN ZHAN ◽  
YUE ZHANG ◽  
YUNFENG XIAO ◽  
CAIFEN WANG ◽  
XIANGDONG ZHANG

Graphite is a favorable melting material of TiNi alloy. In order to reduce the carbon increment during high temperature process, the protective CaZrO3 coating has been prepared using different methods. First, CaZrO3 powder was synthesized via solid-state reaction using calcium metal as raw material. The coating on graphite was prepared by flame spraying, plasma spraying and dipping sintering, then it was observed and characterized. The results show that the apparent quality of the obtained coating is intactness. Here, the spraying coating is composition uniform and structure compact; the dipping coating exhibits an obvious color change and presents the typical porous structure.

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
José Luis P. Calle ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Gerardo F. Barbero ◽  
José Á. Álvarez ◽  
...  

Sherry wine vinegar is a Spanish gourmet product under Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Before a vinegar can be labeled as Sherry vinegar, the product must meet certain requirements as established by its PDO, which, in this case, means that it has been produced following the traditional solera and criadera ageing system. The quality of the vinegar is determined by many factors such as the raw material, the acetification process or the aging system. For this reason, mainly producers, but also consumers, would benefit from the employment of effective analytical tools that allow precisely determining the origin and quality of vinegar. In the present study, a total of 48 Sherry vinegar samples manufactured from three different starting wines (Palomino Fino, Moscatel, and Pedro Ximénez wine) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data were combined with unsupervised exploratory techniques such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), as well as other nonparametric supervised techniques, namely, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), for the characterization of the samples. The HCA and PCA results present a clear grouping trend of the vinegar samples according to their raw materials. SVM in combination with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) successfully classified 100% of the samples, according to the type of wine used for their production. The RF method allowed selecting the most important variables to develop the characteristic fingerprint (“spectralprint”) of the vinegar samples according to their starting wine. Furthermore, the RF model reached 100% accuracy for both LOOCV and out-of-bag (OOB) sets.


2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
CRISTÓBAL SOTO SOLANO ◽  
NIRALDO JOSÉ PONCIANO ◽  
ROGÉRIO FIGUEIREDO DAHER ◽  
RAFAEL AUGUSTO DA COSTA ◽  
PAULO MARCELO DE SOUZA ◽  
...  

 RESUMO - O sorgo sacarino tem potencial de uso como fonte de matéria-prima para a produção de bioetanol. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, analisar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura na qualidade do caldo para produção de etanol de quatro cultivares de sorgo sacarino. O experimento foi conduzido em Campos dos Goytacazes- RJ, de janeiro a maio de 2014. Foram estudadas quatro cultivares de sorgo sacarino: BRS 506, BRS 508, BRS 509 e BRS 511 e cinco de doses de nitrogênio (0, 80, 160, 240 e 320 Kg ha-1), aplicadas aos 25 e 45 dias após semeadura. Os resultados mostraram que valor Brix, açúcares redutores totais, açúcares totais recuperáveis, volume do caldo e rendimento de etanol foram afetados pela adubação nitrogenada. Para todas as características, o valor máximo foi obtido pela dose de 240 kg de N ha-1. Entre as cultivares, a BRS 506 mostrou-se superior em produção de caldo e rendimento de etanol. Enquanto a BRS 511 destacou-se nos atributos ART e ATR, e a cultivar BRS 508 sobressaiu-se no valor Brix. A cultivar BRS 506 apresentou melhor resultado combinado, com maior volume de caldo e rendimento de etanol com as doses de 204 e 212 kg N ha-1, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: biocombustíveis, rendimento de álcool carburante, atributos industriais, caracterização da matéria prima, genótipos. QUALITY OF BROTH FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN CULTIVARS OF SACARINE SORGHUM UNDER NITROGEN FERTILIZATION  ABSTRACT - Sweet sorghum has potential as a source of raw material for the production of bioethanol. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of nitrogen topdressing on the quality of the juice for ethanol production from four cultivars of sorghum. The experiment was conducted in Campos, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from January to May 2014. Four cultivars of sorghum: BRS 506, BRS 508, BRS 509 and BRS 511 were studied, and five nitrogen rates (0, 80, 160, 240 and 320 kg ha-1), applied to 25 and 45 days after sowing. The results showed that the value Brix, total reducing sugars, total recoverable sugars, broth volume and ethanol yield were affected by nitrogen fertilization. For all features, the maximum value was obtained for the dose of 240 kg N ha-1. Among cultivars, BRS 506 was superior in production of broth and ethanol yield. BRS 511 stood out in the attributes ART and ATR, and BRS 508, in value Brix. BRS 506 had better combined result of higher volume of juice and ethanol yield with doses of 204 and 212 kg N ha-1, respectively Keywords: biofuels, fuel ethanol output, industrial attributes, characterization of raw materials, genotypes.   


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teguh Kurniawan ◽  
Jayanudin ◽  
Indar Kustiningsih ◽  
Mochamad Adha Firdaus

Sap from various species palm trees in which known as neera generally produced by traditional technology in Indonesia. There are 5 well known palm species that produce Neera in Indonesia such as arenga palm, coconut tree, doub palm, nipa palm and palm oil. Neera can be utilized as raw material for various derivatives such as palm sugar, sweet palm toddy, and alcoholic toddy. Tapping ofneera is a crucial step because neera prone to immediately degrade and causing poor quality of palm sugar. Traditional sugar processing has some drawbacks for example: low energy efficiency processing and off-specification products. On the other side, sugar palm neera has important antioxidant component which benefits for human that unavailable in normal white sugar from sugarcane. In this current review, characterization of neera from various palms in Indonesia and available technology on sugar palm processing such as spray dryer and membrane ultrafiltration will be discussed.


Author(s):  
Ellya Sinurat ◽  
Rosmawaty Peranginangin ◽  
Endang Saepudin

The brown seaweed Sargassumsp. is well known as a source of fucoidan. Brown seaweeds found in Indonesia seas are dominated by Sargassum sp.The objectives of this research was to purify and characterize fucoidan from S. binderi Sonder. The fresh raw material was defatted by macerated in methanol:chloroform:water (4:2:1), filtered, rinsed with acetone and then air-dried in room temperature. The defatted dried seaweed was extracted with 0.01M HCl pH 4 at room temperature. Purification has been conducted using anion exchanger. The quality of fucoidan sample was determined for total sugar, functional group using FTIR, monomer content, total ash, and total sulfate in the ester form. The result shows that pure fucoidan contains fucose as the primary sugar component, and otherminor sugars (galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose). Chemical composition of crude fucoidan consisted of 74.25% fucose; 0.28% uronate acid; 10.29% sulfate and 5.5% protein. Purification using DEAE Sephadex A-25 gave 4 fraction pools yielding total sugar (%) of F1 (17.59); F2 (18.92); F3 (13.72); F4 (49.76), respectively. The components that build the fucoidan of S. binderi Sonder were estimated derived to be from fucoidan oligomers including (1,4)-L-FucS-Gal and D-(1,4)-Gal-GalS. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Lidiane Schmalfuss Valadão ◽  
Caroline Dos Santos Duarte ◽  
Pedro José Sanches Filho

The peach stone is considered an agroindustrial residue originating from the industrial process of peach in halves in syrup. It does not have an adequate destination, its final disposal is incorrect and may cause contamination in the environmental compartments. In this way, the burning of this raw material as biomass enables its reuse, besides adding value to the residue. Among the processes used for the application of this residue is the carbonization process, which allows to obtain co-products with higher added value, such as pyroligneous liquid, which represents a fraction of organic compounds condensed from the smoke emitted during carbonization. The quality of the liquid depends on the process conditions and the biomass used. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the sample of pyrolignous liquid obtained from the carbonization of the peach stone, on an industrial scale, qualitative and semi quantitative. Preliminary characterization (pH, conductivity, color, density and contents of tar, organic matter and acidity) and a chemical characterization by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were performed. The liquid presented satisfactory results for the physico-chemical evaluations. Regarding the qualitative determination, it was possible to identify 49 compounds. Highlighting the phenols, with 44.90% of the number of compounds, mainly methoxyphenols. These are compounds with significant added value and industrial importance, indicating their use as raw material in the production of polymer resins, among other purposes.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teguh Kurniawan ◽  
Jayanudin ◽  
Indar Kustiningsih ◽  
Mochamad Adha Firdaus

Sap from various species palm trees in which known as neera generally produced by traditional technology in Indonesia. There are 5 well known palm species that produce Neera in Indonesia such as arenga palm, coconut tree, doub palm, nipa palm and palm oil. Neera can be utilized as raw material for various derivatives such as palm sugar, sweet palm toddy, and alcoholic toddy. Tapping of neera is a crucial step because neera prone to immediately degrade and causing poor quality of palm sugar. Traditional sugar processing has some drawbacks for example: low energy efficiency processing and off-specification products. On the other side, sugar palm neera has important antioxidant component which benefits for human that unavailable in normal white sugar from sugarcane. In this current review, characterization of neera from various palms in Indonesia and available technology on sugar palm processing such as spray dryer and membrane ultrafiltration will be discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1293-1298
Author(s):  
Zusongying Zhao ◽  
Klein E. Ileleji ◽  
Diana M. Ramirez Gutierrez ◽  
Zhian Zheng

Abstract. Allicin is the most important active ingredient in garlic because it gives garlic its unique flavor and has a broad spectrum of antibiotic activities. It is also an indicator of garlic product quality. Color can also be used to determine the quality of dehydrated garlic. The allicin content and color of dried garlic are influenced by the processing method, such as pretreatment, and the drying parameters, primarily temperature. To explore the factors that affect the allicin content and color of dried garlic, this study compared the differences in allicin content and color for common pretreatment methods and drying temperatures (35°C for 22 h, 55°C for 12 h, and 75°C for 5 h, to simulate open-sun drying, solar drying, and factory drying, respectively). The results showed that high-temperature pretreatment had a negative effect on the color and allicin retention of dried garlic slices. Cold-water washing and 55°C drying temperature are recommended to produce good garlic color and preserve the allicin content (2.78 mg g-1) to meet both national and international standards. Keywords: Allicin, Color change, Dehydration, Drying, Garlic.


Author(s):  
Géssica Fernanda da Silva FONTE ◽  
Ianca Carolina Magalhães GENTIL ◽  
Anelisa Doretto Freitas FURLAN

Com o passar dos anos, a busca por alimentos que melhorem a qualidade de vida tem sido aumentada, como por exemplo, os alimentos funcionais. O kefir é um tipo de leite fermentado produzido através da fermentação do leite usando os grãos, sendo estes, massas gelatinosas de cor branca ou amarelada que contêm leveduras e/ou bactérias. É um alimento probiótico, pois contém microrganismos presentes benéficos ao ser humano e, se consumido numa quantidade de, no mínimo, 106UFC/100 mL ou gramas do produto pode auxiliar na prevenção ou correção de alguns problemas de saúde, sendo eles diabetes, desnutrição, obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares e outras doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi cultivar 3 amostras de kefir à base de leite e realizar análises físico-químicas para quantificar e definir os elementos presentes neste alimento, como o teor de carboidratos, proteínas, umidade, cinzas e lipídeos. A metodologia aplicada para execução do trabalho ocorreu através de revisão bibliográfica utilizando como base artigos em periódicos científicos, livros, teses, dissertações e resumos de congresso, sendo selecionadas publicações entre 2015 e 2020, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português e pesquisa de campo, realizando o cultivo e as análises bromatológicas. Os resultados obtidos através da caracterização físico-química dos grãos de kefir são semelhantes aos relatados na literatura, havendo algumas diferenças decorrentes do clima, matéria-prima utilizada e cuidados no cultivo. Conclui-se assim que o kefir é um alimento benéfico à saúde, porém são necessários certos cuidados no cultivo e manejo para garantir sua qualidade.   CHARACTERIZATION OF MILK KEFIR REGARDING PHYSICOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION   ABSTRACT Over the years, the search for foods that improve the quality of life has increased, such as functional foods. Kefir is a type of fermented milk produced by fermenting milk using grains, which are gelatinous masses of white or yellowish color that contain yeast and/or bacteria.  It is a probiotic food, because it contains microorganisms present that are beneficial to humans and, if consumed in an amount of at least 106 CFU/100 mL or grams of the product, may help prevent or correct some health problems, including diabetes, malnutrition, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic non-transmissible diseases. This study aimed to cultivate 3 milk-based kefir samples and to conduct physicochemical analyses to quantify and define the elements found in this food, such as carbohydrate, protein, moisture, ash, and lipid content. The methodology used to carry out the study was a literature review based on articles in scientific journals, books, thesis, dissertations, and conference summaries, selecting publications between 2015 and 2020, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, as well as field research, with cultivation and bromatological analysis. The results observed in the physical-chemical characterization of kefir grains are similar to those reported in the literature, with some differences resulting from climate, raw material used and cultivation care. It is thus concluded that kefir is a beneficial food to health, but it is necessary to take proper care in cultivation and management to ensure its health benefits. Descriptors: Functional foods. Probiotics. Cultured milk products.


Author(s):  
Valipenta Narasimhulu ◽  
Sudhakar Bansod ◽  
Lakshmi Srinivasa Rao Kundeti ◽  
Ravindra M. Kumbhare

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuandi Zhang ◽  
Yi Shen ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Yansong Xue ◽  
...  

Wheat-originated microbes play an important role in shaping the quality of high-temperature Daqu which is commonly used as a starter for producing sauce-flavor Baijiu. However, the shifts of microbiota from raw material to fresh Daqu and then to mature Daqu remain unclear. Hence, in the present study, the inner and outer of fresh and mature Daqu were collected to explore the correlation between microbiota and metabolites as well as the source of the microbiota in Daqu. Results indicated that the activities of amylase and protease between the inner and outer of fresh Daqu varied significantly while both parts became similar after maturation. The predominant bacteria shifted from Saccharopolyspora (outer) and Staphylococcus (inner) to Kroppenstedtia (both outer and inner), while the predominant fungi shifted from Thermoascus (both outer and inner) to Byssochlamys (outer) and Fusarium (inner). A combining analysis of headspace solid-phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance was employed to detect the metabolites. The network analysis was conducted to perform the relationships between microbes and metabolites. The results showed that the bacteria, especially Saccharopolyspora, Bacillus, and Acinetobacter, had a strong correlation with the productions of esters, amino acids and their derivatives, and sugars and their derivatives, while most fungi such as Thermoascus, were negatively correlated with the phenylalanine, trimethylamine n-oxide, and isovalerate. SourceTracker analysis indicated that wheat was the important source of the Daqu microbiota, especially, the microorganisms in the inner of Daqu might be the drivers of the microbial succession during maturation. This study provided a comprehensive exploration to understand the microbial sources and shifts in high-temperature Daqu during maturation.


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