Effect of Pretreatment on Allicin Degradation and Color Change in the Dehydration of Garlic

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1293-1298
Author(s):  
Zusongying Zhao ◽  
Klein E. Ileleji ◽  
Diana M. Ramirez Gutierrez ◽  
Zhian Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Temperature Pretreatment

Abstract. Allicin is the most important active ingredient in garlic because it gives garlic its unique flavor and has a broad spectrum of antibiotic activities. It is also an indicator of garlic product quality. Color can also be used to determine the quality of dehydrated garlic. The allicin content and color of dried garlic are influenced by the processing method, such as pretreatment, and the drying parameters, primarily temperature. To explore the factors that affect the allicin content and color of dried garlic, this study compared the differences in allicin content and color for common pretreatment methods and drying temperatures (35°C for 22 h, 55°C for 12 h, and 75°C for 5 h, to simulate open-sun drying, solar drying, and factory drying, respectively). The results showed that high-temperature pretreatment had a negative effect on the color and allicin retention of dried garlic slices. Cold-water washing and 55°C drying temperature are recommended to produce good garlic color and preserve the allicin content (2.78 mg g-1) to meet both national and international standards. Keywords: Allicin, Color change, Dehydration, Drying, Garlic.

HPHT Growth and IR Characterizaton of Large Diamond Crystals in FeNi-C-FeS Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 491-495
Author(s):  
Chuan Yi Zang ◽  
Lun Jian Chen ◽  
Li Xue Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Diamond Crystals ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Temperature Gradient Method ◽  
Co Doped ◽  
Large Diamond

By temperature gradient method (TGM), with Invar alloy as solvent catalyst, FeS and boron as additives, large diamond crystals are grown under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) of about 5.4GPa and 1550K. With the content of FeS increased, the colors of grown crystals would be changed from transparent yellow to opaque gray-black, and the quality of diamond crystals could also be destroyed markedly. When both boron and FeS co-doped, the negative effect of FeS on crystal quality could be eliminated somewhat. To a certain content of FeS, with the boron content increased, the crystal color would be changed from opaque gray-black to transparent yellow, and boron content needed is related directly to FeS content in growth systems. The nitrogen content in diamond lattice decreases greatly, with FeS content increased in the growth system, and a 1050cm-1 absorption peak in IR spectrum is also present in diamond crystals grown in FeNi-FeS-C system.

scholarly journals Influence of Ultrasound and the Conditions of Convective Drying with Dehumidified Air on the Course of the Process and Selected Properties of Apple Tissue

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1840
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Matys ◽  
Artur Wiktor ◽  
Magdalena Dadan ◽  
Dorota Witrowa-Rajchert
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Apple Tissue ◽  
Dehumidified Air Drying ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ultrasound Pretreatment

The conditions of convective drying induce a negative effect on the quality of the dried products, and thus, innovative solutions, such as the utilization of ultrasound and dehumidified air are gaining importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ultrasound pretreatment and variable air temperature on the kinetics of convective drying with dehumidified air and the quality of dried apples. Apples were dried with dehumidified and non-dehumidified air at 55, 70 and 85 °C. Preliminary ultrasound treatment was conducted by immersion for 60 min. The effect of both ultrasound and dehumidified air utilization was more prominent in the terms of drying time reduction, when lower drying temperatures were used. Drying of apples with dehumidified air, preceded by ultrasound pretreatment, resulted in a greater rehydration capacity of the products, and limited the browning process. Dehumidified air increased the lightness of the dried products, while sonication darkened them. The use of ultrasound before drying coupled with a drying with dehumidified medium at a temperature of 70 °C reduced the exposure of the product to a high temperature and oxygen. Products treated before dehumidified air drying with ultrasounds were characterized by high total phenolic content and the greatest antioxidant activity. This was because such technological treatment reduced exposure of the product to a high temperature and oxygen.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CaZrO3COATING ON GRAPHITE FOR TiNi ALLOY MELTING

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1950152
Author(s):  
BIN ZHAN ◽  
YUE ZHANG ◽  
YUNFENG XIAO ◽  
CAIFEN WANG ◽  
XIANGDONG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Flame Spraying ◽  
Tini Alloy ◽  
High Temperature Process ◽  
Calcium Metal ◽  
Melting Material

Graphite is a favorable melting material of TiNi alloy. In order to reduce the carbon increment during high temperature process, the protective CaZrO3 coating has been prepared using different methods. First, CaZrO3 powder was synthesized via solid-state reaction using calcium metal as raw material. The coating on graphite was prepared by flame spraying, plasma spraying and dipping sintering, then it was observed and characterized. The results show that the apparent quality of the obtained coating is intactness. Here, the spraying coating is composition uniform and structure compact; the dipping coating exhibits an obvious color change and presents the typical porous structure.

scholarly journals Drying and quality performance of dragon blood’s resin (Daemonorops sp.) exposed to solar and oven drying

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
G Pasaribu ◽  
K Yuniarti ◽  
T K Waluyo ◽  
E Basri ◽  
L Efiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Drying Techniques ◽  
Drying Quality

Abstract Dragon blood’s resin is obtained by extracting the dragon blood’s fruit with organic or non-organic solvents. Following extraction, drying process is usually carried out to dry the wet resin. The drying techniques used is assumed to affect not only the drying performance but also the quality of the dragon blood’s resin, in particular its active ingredient content (dracorhodin). The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the effect of solar and oven drying on the drying performance and quality of dragon blood’s resin. The oven temperature used was 60°C. Both drying techniques were executed until the resin dried which was indicated by color change and its easiness to rupture. The results showed that solar drying of dragon blood required shorter time (210 minutes) with higher drying rate (0.25%/minute) than the oven drying process which need 250 minutes to finish with a drying rate of 0.14%/minute. Except the ash content of solar dried resin, other post-drying quality parameters of dragon blood resin from both drying techniques have met the Indonesia standard for trading purpose (SNI 8663:2018). Further statistical analysis confirmed that the drying techniques applied significantly affected the drying rate and post-drying quality values of dragon blood’s resin.

The Changing Patterns of North Korea’s International Film Co-Productions Since the 1980s: A Global Value Chain Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
Moon Hwy-Chang ◽  
Wenyang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Film Productions

Although North Korea is one of the most closed countries in the world, it has long been pursuing international cooperation with other countries in order to upgrade the quality of its film industry to international standards. Preceding studies on this topic have mainly focused on the political influences behind filmmaking in general and very few studies have exclusively dealt with North Korea’s international co-productions. In this respect, in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of the internalization strategy of North Korea’s film productions, this paper uses the global value chain as a framework for analysis. This approach helps understand the internationalization pattern of each value chain activity of film co-productions in terms of the film location and the methods for collaborating with foreign partners. By dividing the evolution of North Korea’s international co-productions into three periods since the 1980s, this paper finds that although North Korea has shown mixed results with different aspects of the film value chain, it has generally improved its internationalization over the three periods. This paper further provides strategic directions for North Korea by learning some of the successful Chinese experiences in the film sector regarding collaboration with foreign partners—to foster a win-win situation for all involved parties.

Vocation Education Quality from Demand Side’s Perspective: The Case of Transport Technology Universities in the North of Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quynh Hoa ◽  
◽  
Phung Chu Hoang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Quality Outcomes ◽  
The North ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Training Quality ◽  
And Training

Quality outcomes from vocational education and training (VET) are fundamental to ensuring a skilled workforce and supporting a productive economy. The quality of vocational training from the demand’s perspective is defined as meeting the customer specification, needs or requirements. Using the method of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multiple Regression Analysis to get the analytical results of 275 respondents as graduates of University of Transport and Communication, University of Transport Technology (the two universities training on transportation in the North of Vietnam), the results show that factors are measured by the observed variables in the study that ensure reliability and relevance. The descriptive statistics result of vocational training quality is 3.28, while all independent variables are at average level (between 3.1 to 3.48) with the highest value related to the quality of the teacher and the lowest are facilities and training programs and management capacity of university. However, the regression results show that the qualification of the teacher, material facilities and training program, management capacity and job opportunities at the training school do not affect the quality of the training while “Learners-NH” have a great positive effect and the labor market information has a negative effect on the training quality of the school significantly. Base on those data, some policy recommendations have been given out in order to improve the training quality of transport technology universities in the north of Vietnam in particular and the vocational training quality of Vietnam in general.

INFLUENCE OF FORCED CONVECTION IN LIQUID INSIDE THE TIN ON DURATION OF STERILIZATION IN THE COURSE OF FISH PROCESSING

2017 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Gennadiy Valentinovich Alexeev ◽  
Elena Igorevna Verboloz
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Thermal Process ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Equipment Modernization ◽  
Bottom To Top

The article focuses on the process of intensive mixing of liquid phase in the tin during high-temperature sterilization, i.e. sterilization when temperature of the heat carrier reaches 150-160°C. It has been stated that for intensification of the thermal process during sterilization of tinned fish with liquid filling it is preferable to turn a tin from bottom to top. This operation helps to increase the driving power of the process and to shorten warming time. Besides, high-temperature sterilization carried out according to experimental modes, where the number of tin turnovers is calculated, greatly shortens processing time and improves quality of the product. In this case there is no superheating, all tins are evenly heated. The study results will contribute to equipment modernization and to preserving valuable food qualities.

The Impact of Competitive Quasi-Market on Service Delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Idoko Peter
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
State University ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This research the impact of competitive quasi market on service delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria. Both primary and secondary source of data and information were used for the study and questionnaire was used to extract information from the purposively selected respondents. The population for this study is one hundred and seventy three (173) administrative staff of Benue State University selected at random. The statistical tools employed was the classical ordinary least square (OLS) and the probability value of the estimates was used to tests hypotheses of the study. The result of the study indicates that a positive relationship exist between Competitive quasi marketing in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (CQM) and Transparency in the service delivery (TRSP) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a negative effect on Observe Competence in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (OBCP) and the relationship is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a positive effect on Innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. This means that a unit increases in Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) will result to a corresponding increase in innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) by a margin of 22.5%. It was concluded that government monopoly in the provision of certain types of services has greatly affected the quality of service experience in the institution. It was recommended among others that the stakeholders in the market has to be transparent so that the system will be productive to serve the society effectively

INFLUENCE OF DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS ON SOWING QUALITY OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
N. N. Loy ◽  
S. N. Gulina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Rotary Machine ◽  
Working Solution ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sprouted Seeds

The effect of presowing seed treatment on various concentrations of dicarboxylic (organic) acids on the sowing characteristics of spring barley has been studied. Seeds were treated with organic acids obtained by exposing cuttings to the radiation with a dose of 100 kGy and consequent hydrolysis, in concentrations: 1•10-7 %; 1•10-9; 1•10-11; 1•10-13 and 1•10-15 % on a laboratory rotary machine RVO-64 for one day before laying for germination. Distilled water was used for the control case. The rate of application of the working solution calculated as 10 liters / ton of seeds. Seeds were germinated in filter paper rolls in accordance with GOST 12038-84 requirements. The temperature was maintained at +24 ° C in the thermostat where the glasses with rolls were placed. For determination of germinative power and laboratory germination the sprouted seeds were evaluated after three and seven days, respectively. In laboratory experiments it was established that the treatment of barley seeds of varieties Zazersky 85, Nur and Vladimir with organic acids (OK) in different concentrations had both a stimulating and a negative effect. On the Zazersky 85 variety, in variants with acid concentrations of 1•10-9 and 1•10-11, an increase in germination energy (EP) by 2-4% and a significant decrease (by 3-4%) of laboratory germination (LV) of barley seeds were noted. On the Nur variety, the increase in EP was observed at 4% (concentration 1•10-11), LV and seed growth force (CPC) by 2-7% at a concentration of 1•10-7 and in the dose range 1•10-11 - 1•10-14 compared to the control values. On the grade of Vladimir, an increase in EP, LV, and CPC was found to increase by 1-6% at concentrations OK 1•10-7 and 1•10-13. It was shown that the treatment of seeds with acids led to an increase in the length of the germ in all studied varieties (by 3-9%) and dry biomass of 7-day-old seedlings - by 3-6%. Consequently, the treatment of seeds with a mixture of dicarboxylic acids has a stimulating effect on the sowing quality of spring barley.

Beech sapling architecture following small and medium gap disturbances in silver fir-beech old-growth forests in Slovenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurij Diaci ◽  
Lahorka Kozjek
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Relative Light Intensity ◽  
Stem Bending ◽  
Negative Effect

The objective of our research was to examine the effect of canopy shading on beech sapling architecture in the oldgrowth silver fir-beech forests of Pecka and Rajhenavski Rog. In August 2003 we sampled one plot (352 m2) in a large gap in Pecka, which was a result of a strong windstorm in 1983, and eight small gaps (26–78 m2) with similar sapling heights (3.8–8 m). A ground view of each gap was drawn including the characteristics of gap border trees and the density of separate sapling layers was recorded. The height and diameter were measured for each sapling, as well as the following quality characteristics on selected dominant saplings: width of the crown,number of larger branches and knots (&gt;1/3 DBH), intensity of stem bending, deviation from vertical growth, number of terminal shoots, and the type of damage. The results show a negative effect of high canopy shading (estimated relative light intensity was below 5%) on the architectural quality of saplings. A lower overall density of saplings, greater intensity of bending and deviation from vertical growth, a shorter stem length without branches, a larger number of saplings with two terminal shoots, and a larger number of damaged saplings were observed in small gaps.

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