SURVEY OF UPPER EXTREMITY INJURIES AMONG MARTIAL ARTS PARTICIPANTS

Hand Surgery ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Diesselhorst ◽  
Ghazi M. Rayan ◽  
Charles B. Pasque ◽  
R. Peyton Holder
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Hand Injuries ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tae Kwon Do ◽  
Elbow Injuries ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Upper Extremity Symptoms

Purpose: To survey participants at various experience levels of different martial arts (MA) about upper extremity injuries sustained during training and fighting. Materials: A 21-s question survey was designed and utilised. The survey was divided into four groups (Demographics, Injury Description, Injury Mechanism, and Miscellaneous information) to gain knowledge about upper extremity injuries sustained during martial arts participation. Chi-square testing was utilised to assess for significant associations. Results: Males comprised 81% of respondents. Involvement in multiple forms of MA was the most prevalent (38%). The hand/wrist was the most common area injured (53%), followed by the shoulder/upper arm (27%) and the forearm/elbow (19%). Joint sprains/muscle strains were the most frequent injuries reported overall (47%), followed by abrasions/bruises (26%). Dislocations of the upper extremity were reported by 47% of participants while fractures occurred in 39%. Surgeries were required for 30% of participants. Females were less likely to require surgery and more likely to have shoulder and elbow injuries. Males were more likely to have hand injuries. Participants of Karate and Tae Kwon Do were more likely to have injuries to their hands, while participants of multiple forms were more likely to sustain injuries to their shoulders/upper arms and more likely to develop chronic upper extremity symptoms. With advanced level of training the likelihood of developing chronic upper extremity symptoms increases, and multiple surgeries were required. Hand protection was associated with a lower risk of hand injuries. Conclusion: Martial arts can be associated with substantial upper extremity injuries that may require surgery and extended time away from participation. Injuries may result in chronic upper extremity symptoms. Hand protection is important for reducing injuries to the hand and wrist.

Upper Extremity Injuries in the National Football League

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1945-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Carlisle ◽  
Charles A. Goldfarb ◽  
Nathan Mall ◽  
John W. Powell ◽  
Matthew J. Matava
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Elbow Injuries ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Forearm Injuries

Background Very little information is available regarding the incidence, causative mechanisms, and expected duration of time lost following upper extremity injuries in professional American football players. Hypotheses (1) Upper extremity injuries in professional American football players are a common cause of missed time from practice and game participation. (2) The effect of upper extremity injuries differs as a function of the site involved and the athlete's position. Study Design Descriptive epidemiologic study. Methods A retrospective review of all documented injuries to the elbow, forearm, and wrist sustained by all players in the National Football League over a 10-year period (1996–2005) was performed using the League's injury surveillance database. An injury was considered significant if it resulted in premature cessation of (or absence from) at least 1 practice, game, or training event. The data were analyzed from multiple perspectives, with emphasis on the type of injury, athlete position, and activity at the time of injury. Results There were 859 total injuries over the 10-year period: 58% involved the elbow, 30% involved the wrist, and 12% involved the forearm. Ligamentous injuries were the most common diagnosis in the elbow and wrist, with wrist sprains the most common of all diagnoses. Fractures were the most common injury occurring in the forearm. For all 3 anatomic locations, game injuries were much more common than practice injuries by a factor of 2.8 to 1. Forearm injuries led to a mean of 42 days lost, wrist injuries led to a mean of 27 days lost, and elbow injuries led to an average of 22 days lost. Fractures and dislocations led to the greatest amount of time lost (47 days and 53 days, respectively). Tackling was the activity most often (24%) implicated as causing injuries to the elbow, forearm, and wrist. Offensive and defensive linemen were most commonly injured. Elbow injuries were the most common at these positions, constituting approximately 75% of all injuries. Defensive backs sustained the greatest number of forearm injuries, approximately double the total number at any other position. Conclusion Upper extremity trauma is a significant issue for professional football players. In particular, the high incidence rates of elbow injuries in linemen and forearm injuries in defensive backs warrant further scrutiny.

The Significance of Closed Chain Kinetics in Upper Extremity Injuries from a Physician's Perspective

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Andrews ◽  
James M. Dennison ◽  
Kevin E. Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Closed Chain ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocols ◽  
Elbow Injuries ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Physician’S Perspective ◽  
Insight Into

Most physicians, trainers, and therapists are accustomed to thinking of open and closed kinetic chain terminology in terms of exercise and its application in rehabilitation protocols. This terminology can also be used to describe the mechanism by which injuries occur. Categorizing upper extremity injuries in this way not only provides vital insight into the mechanism of the injuries and helps identify possible injured structures but also allows the clinician to better develop treatment protocols. In this article, this categorization is applied to common shoulder and elbow injuries to provide insight into the nature of these injuries.

Upper Extremity Injuries in the National Football League

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1938-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Mall ◽  
John C. Carlisle ◽  
Matthew J. Matava ◽  
John W. Powell ◽  
Charles A. Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint ◽  
Interphalangeal Joint ◽  
Hand Injuries ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Finger Injuries ◽  
First Ray ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Background Very little has been published regarding the incidence of and duration of time lost after hand injuries in professional American football players. Hypotheses (1) Hand, first ray, and finger injuries in professional American football players represent a common cause of missed time from practice and game participation. (2) The effect of upper extremity injuries differs as a function of the anatomic site involved, injury type, and athlete's position. Study Design Descriptive epidemiologic study. Methods A retrospective review of all documented injuries to the hand, first ray, and fingers sustained by American football players in the National Football League over a 10-year period (1996–2005) was performed using the League's injury surveillance database. The data were analyzed from multiple perspectives, with emphasis on the type of injury, athlete position, and activity at the time of injury. Results A total of 1385 injuries occurred to the hand, first ray, and fingers over the 10 seasons studied. Of these injuries, 48% involved the fingers, 30% involved the first ray, and 22% involved the hand, with game injuries more common than practice injuries at each location. Metacarpal fractures and proximal interphalangeal joint dislocations were the 2 most common injuries. Offensive and defensive linemen were the most likely to sustain a hand injury; 80% of hand injuries were metacarpal fractures. The most common injuries to the first ray were fractures (48%) and sprains (36%), which occurred most often in athletes playing a defensive secondary position. Finger injuries were most commonly dislocations at the level of the proximal interphalangeal joint, typically involving the ulnar 2 digits. Finger injuries were most common in wide receivers and defensive secondary players. The act of tackling produced the most injuries (28%). Conclusion Upper extremity trauma, especially injury to the hand, first ray, and fingers, is a significant source of morbidity for professional football players. The results of this study may be used to implement preventive measures to help minimize these injuries.

scholarly journals Early Sports Specialization Is Associated With Upper Extremity Injuries in Throwers and Fewer Games Played in Major League Baseball

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 232596711986110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Confino ◽  
James N. Irvine ◽  
Michaela O’Connor ◽  
Christopher S. Ahmad ◽  
T. Sean Lynch
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Minor League ◽  
Major League ◽  
Elbow Injuries ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Background: Single-sport athletes who specialize in baseball at a young age may have a greater predisposition to overuse injury, burnout, and decreased career longevity when compared with multiple-sport athletes. The effect of sport specialization has not been studied in professional baseball players. Hypothesis: Major League Baseball (MLB) players who played multiple sports in high school would experience fewer injuries, spend less time on the disabled list, play more games, and have a longer career than athletes who played only baseball in high school. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: First- and second-round MLB draft picks from 2008 to 2016 who played in at least 1 professional game were included in this study. Athletes who participated in 1 or more sports in addition to baseball during high school were considered multisport athletes, and athletes who participated in only baseball were considered single-sport athletes. For each athlete, participation in high school sports, injuries sustained in MLB and Minor League Baseball, number of days on the disabled list for each injury, number of games played in both leagues, and whether the athlete was still active were collected from publicly available records. Results: A total of 746 athletes were included in this study: 240 (32%) multisport and 506 (68%) single sport. Multisport athletes played in significantly more mean total games (362.8 vs 300.8; P < .01) as well as more mean MLB games (95.9 vs 71.6; P = .04) than single-sport athletes. There was no difference in the mean number of seasons played in the major leagues (1.8 vs 1.6; P = .15) or minor league (5.25 vs 5.20; P = .23) between multisport and single-sport athletes. Single-sport athletes had a significantly higher prevalence of upper extremity injuries compared with multisport athletes (136 [63%] vs 55 [50%]; P = .009). Single-sport pitchers also had a higher prevalence of shoulder and elbow injuries (86 vs 27; P = .008) and were more likely to have recurrent elbow injuries (33% vs 17% recurrence; P = .002) compared with multisport pitchers. Conclusion: Professional baseball players who participated in multiple sports in high school played in more major league games and experienced lower rates of upper and lower extremity injuries than players who played only baseball in high school.

scholarly journals Early Sports Specialization is Associated with Increased Upper Extremity Injuries and Fewer Games Played in Major League Baseball Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0039
Author(s):  
Jamie Erica Confino ◽  
James N. Irvine ◽  
Christopher S. Ahmad ◽  
Thomas Sean Lynch
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Major League ◽  
Elbow Injuries ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Objectives: Early sport-specialization has been shown to place athletes at risk for increased injuries and decreased sporting performance in various sporting populations. However, the effect of sport-specialization has not been studied in professional baseball. The purpose of this investigation is to determine if single-sport athletes that specialize in baseball at a young age have a greater predisposition to overuse injury, burnout, and decreased performance compared to multiple-sport athletes. We hypothesized that MLB players who played multiple sports in high school would experience fewer injuries necessitating time on the Disabled List (DL), play more games, and have a longer career compared to athletes that played only baseball in high school. Methods: First and second-round MLB draft picks from 2008 to 2016 that played in at least one professional (minor or major league) game were included in this study. Athletes who participated in one or more sports in high school in addition to baseball were considered multi-sport athletes, and athletes who participated in only baseball were considered single-sport athletes. For each athlete, participation in high school sports, injuries sustained in MLB and MiLB, number of days on the Disabled List (DL) for each injury, number of games played in MLB and MiLB, and whether the athlete was still active were collected from publically available records. Results: Seven hundred forty-seven athletes were included in this study, of which 240 (32%) were multi-sport and 506 (68%) were single-sport athletes. Multi-sport athletes played in significantly more total professional baseball games on average (362.8 vs. 300.8, p < 0.01) as well as more major league games (95.9 vs. 71.6, p = 0.04) than single-sport athletes. Meanwhile, single-sport athletes had a significantly higher number of upper extremity injuries than multi-sport athletes (136 vs. 55, p < 0.01, Table I). Single-sport pitchers also had a higher number of shoulder and elbow injuries than multi-sport pitchers and, once injured, were more likely to have recurrent elbow injuries (86 vs. 27, p < 0.01; 33% vs. 17% recurrence). Conclusion: Professional baseball players who participated in multiple sports during high school played in more MLB games and sustained fewer upper extremity injuries than players who specialized in baseball before high school. Professional pitchers who specialized by the time they were in high school had a significantly higher chance of sustaining recurrent elbow injuries compared to those who were multi-sport athletes in high school. MLB players with a history of multi-sport participation were more likely to avoid overuse injuries and had greater longevity and level of performance compared to those that limited their sport participation to baseball during high school. [Table: see text]

Corelational Analysis between the Occupational Competency Assessment and Early Return to Work in Upper Extremity Injuries

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Rongzhou ZHONG ◽  
Jianing XU ◽  
Jian DONG ◽  
Xiaoyu SHI ◽  
Taoli WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Competency Assessment ◽  
Early Return ◽  
Extremity Injuries

scholarly journals Upper extremity injuries in the victims of intimate partner violence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Thomas ◽  
George S. M. Dyer ◽  
Paul Tornetta III ◽  
Hyesun Park ◽  
Rahul Gujrathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Lumbopelvic Control and the Development of Upper Extremity Injury in Professional Baseball Pitchers

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652098812
Author(s):  
Kevin Laudner ◽  
Regan Wong ◽  
Daniel Evans ◽  
Keith Meister
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Extremity Injury ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Upper Extremity Injury ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Background: The baseball-throwing motion requires a sequential order of motions and forces initiating in the lower limbs and transferring through the trunk and ultimately to the upper extremity. Any disruption in this sequence can increase the forces placed on subsequent segments. No research has examined if baseball pitchers with less lumbopelvic control are more likely to develop upper extremity injury than pitchers with more control. Purpose: To determine if baseball pitchers who sustain a chronic upper extremity injury have less lumbopelvic control before their injury compared with a group of pitchers who do not sustain an injury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 49 asymptomatic, professional baseball pitchers from a single Major League Baseball organization participated. Lumbopelvic control was measured using an iPod-based digital level secured to a Velcro belt around each player’s waist to measure anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) deviations (degrees) during single-leg balance with movement and static bridge maneuvers. During a competitive season, 22 of these pitchers developed upper extremity injuries, while the remaining 27 sustained no injuries. Separate 2-tailed t-tests were run to determine if there were significant differences in lumbopelvic control between groups ( P < .05). Results: There were no significant between-group differences for the stride leg (nondominant) during the bridge test in either the AP ( P = .79) or the ML ( P = .42) directions, or either direction during the drive leg bridge test ( P > .68). However, the injured group had significantly less lumbopelvic control than the noninjured group during stride leg balance in both the AP ( P = .03) and the ML ( P = .001) directions and for drive leg balance in both the AP ( P = .01) and the ML ( P = .04) directions. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that baseball pitchers with diminished lumbopelvic control, particularly during stride leg and drive leg single-leg balance with movement, had more upper extremity injuries than those with more control. Clinicians should consider evaluating lumbopelvic control in injury prevention protocols and provide appropriate exercises for restoring lumbopelvic control before returning athletes to competition after injury. Specific attention should be given to testing and exercises that mimic a single-limb balance task.

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