Evidence-Based Diagnosis and Physiotherapy Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders of Cervical Spine

The main aim of this review article is to identify the evidence-based diagnosis and physiotherapy management of musculoskeletal disorder of cervical spine. Neck pain from cervical spine disorders is the most common cause of musculoskeletal disorders. Neck pain can exist alone or with the presence of upper-extremity symptoms. Key words: Neck Pain, Cervical Spine, Joint mobilization, Massage.

Postur Kerja Duduk, Gerakan Berulang, Dan Keluhan Ekstremitas Atas Pada Pekerja Bagian Pelintingan Rokok Cv.Suud Bondowoso

The process of rolling cigarettes in CV. SUUD Bondowoso performed by workers by sitting down in varying manners according to the posture of the worker. Work desks, work chairs, and manual cigarettes rolling equipment are provided by the factory in uniform. Although even though they are similar in size, differences in posture can cause workers' seating positions to vary. The process of rolling cigarettes in CV. SUUD Bondowoso uses repetitive processes to meet the factory’s targets. The type of research used in this study is descriptive research. The respondents in the study were 21 workers in the manual cigarettes rolling division of CV. SUUD Bondowoso. The variables examined in this study were age, working period, sitting position, repetitive movements, and upper extremity symptoms for workers workers at manual cigarettes rolling division in CV. SUUD Bondowoso. The results showed that most respondents had posture at level 2. Eight respondents performed repetitive movements at work that fall into the high frequency category on the upper arm, elbow, arm, and wrist. Respondents with low-risk upper extremity symptoms as many as 14 people and respondents with moderate-risk upper extremity symptoms were 7 people. All respondents experienced complaints on the lower neck and right upper arm. Keywords: sitting work posture, repetitive motions, upper extremity symptoms, cigarettes rolling

Associations of screen work with neck and upper extremity symptoms: a systematic review with meta-analysis

ObjectivesIt has often been suggested that screen work (ie, work on desktop, laptop, notebook or tablet computers) is a risk factor for neck and upper extremity symptoms. However, an up-to-date overview and quantification of evidence are lacking. We aimed to systematically review the association of exposure to screen work with neck and upper extremity symptoms from prospective studies.MethodsAn electronic database search (PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and Scopus) for prospective studies on the association of exposure to screen work and musculoskeletal symptoms was conducted. Studies were synthesised regarding extracted data and risk of bias, and meta-analyses were conducted.ResultsAfter screening 3423 unique references, 19 articles from 12 studies (with 18 538 participants) were included for the current review, with the most recent exposure assessment reported in 2005. Studies described duration and input frequency of screen work (ie, computer, keyboard and mouse use, assessed using self-reports or software recordings) and musculoskeletal symptoms (ie, self-reported neck/shoulder and distal upper extremity symptoms and diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome [CTS]). Although there was overall an increased occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms with larger exposure to screen work (relative risk: 1.11 [1.03 1.19]), findings were rather inconsistent with weaker (and statistically non-significant) risks when screen work was assessed by software recording (1.05 [0.91 1.21]) compared to with self-report (1.14 [1.03 1.19]).ConclusionsWe found an increased risk of musculoskeletal symptoms with screen work. However, the evidence is heterogeneous, and it is striking that it lacks information from contemporary screen work using laptop, notebook or tablet computers.

A Qualitative Description of Chronic Neck Pain has Implications for Outcome Assessment and Classification

Background:Neck pain is common, but few studies have used qualitative methods to describe it.Purpose:To describe the quality, distribution and behavior of neck pain.Methods:Sixteen people (15 females; mean age = 33 years (range = 20-69)) with neck pain >3 months were interviewed using a semi-structured guide. Interview data were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Descriptive content analysis was performed by two authors. Participants then completed an electronic descriptive pain tool, placing icons (word and icon descriptors to describe quality) on anatomic diagrams to identify location of pain, and intensity ratings at each location. This data was triangulated with interviews.Results:Aching pain and stiffness in the posterior neck and shoulder region were the most common pain complaints. All patients reported more than one pain quality. Associated headache was common (11/16 people); but varied in location and pain quality; 13/16 reported upper extremity symptoms. Neuropathic characteristics (burning) or sensory disturbance (numbness/tingling) occurred in some patients, but were less common. Activities that involved lifting/carrying and psychological stress were factors reported as exacerbating pain. Physical activity was valued as essential to function, but also instigated exacerbations. Concordance between the structured pain tool and interviews enhanced trustworthiness of our results. Integrating qualitative findings with a previous classification system derived a 7-axis neck pain classification: source/context, sample subgroup, distribution, duration, episode pattern, pain/symptom severity, disability/participation restriction.Conclusions:Qualitative assessment and classification should consider the multiple dimensions of neck pain.

Associations of occupational standing with musculoskeletal symptoms: a systematic review with meta-analysis

ObjectiveGiven the high exposure to occupational standing in specific occupations, and recent initiatives to encourage intermittent standing among white-collar workers, a better understanding of the potential health consequences of occupational standing is required. We aimed to review and quantify the epidemiological evidence on associations of occupational standing with musculoskeletal symptoms.DesignA systematic review was performed. Data from included articles were extracted and described, and meta-analyses conducted when data were sufficiently homogeneous.Data sourcesElectronic databases were systematically searched.Eligibility criteriaPeer-reviewed articles on occupational standing and musculoskeletal symptoms from epidemiological studies were identified.ResultsOf the 11 750 articles screened, 50 articles reporting 49 studies were included (45 cross-sectional and 5 longitudinal; n=88 158 participants) describing the associations of occupational standing with musculoskeletal symptoms, including low-back (39 articles), lower extremity (14 articles) and upper extremity (18 articles) symptoms. In the meta-analysis, ‘substantial’ (>4 hours/workday) occupational standing was associated with the occurrence of low-back symptoms (pooled OR (95% CI) 1.31 (1.10 to 1.56)). Evidence on lower and upper extremity symptoms was too heterogeneous for meta-analyses. The majority of included studies reported statistically significant detrimental associations of occupational standing with lower extremity, but not with upper extremity symptoms.ConclusionsThe evidence suggests that substantial occupational standing is associated with the occurrence of low-back and (inconclusively) lower extremity symptoms, but there may not be such an association with upper extremity symptoms. However, these conclusions are tentative as only limited evidence was found from high-quality, longitudinal studies with fully adjusted models using objective measures of standing.

SURVEY OF UPPER EXTREMITY INJURIES AMONG MARTIAL ARTS PARTICIPANTS

Purpose: To survey participants at various experience levels of different martial arts (MA) about upper extremity injuries sustained during training and fighting. Materials: A 21-s question survey was designed and utilised. The survey was divided into four groups (Demographics, Injury Description, Injury Mechanism, and Miscellaneous information) to gain knowledge about upper extremity injuries sustained during martial arts participation. Chi-square testing was utilised to assess for significant associations. Results: Males comprised 81% of respondents. Involvement in multiple forms of MA was the most prevalent (38%). The hand/wrist was the most common area injured (53%), followed by the shoulder/upper arm (27%) and the forearm/elbow (19%). Joint sprains/muscle strains were the most frequent injuries reported overall (47%), followed by abrasions/bruises (26%). Dislocations of the upper extremity were reported by 47% of participants while fractures occurred in 39%. Surgeries were required for 30% of participants. Females were less likely to require surgery and more likely to have shoulder and elbow injuries. Males were more likely to have hand injuries. Participants of Karate and Tae Kwon Do were more likely to have injuries to their hands, while participants of multiple forms were more likely to sustain injuries to their shoulders/upper arms and more likely to develop chronic upper extremity symptoms. With advanced level of training the likelihood of developing chronic upper extremity symptoms increases, and multiple surgeries were required. Hand protection was associated with a lower risk of hand injuries. Conclusion: Martial arts can be associated with substantial upper extremity injuries that may require surgery and extended time away from participation. Injuries may result in chronic upper extremity symptoms. Hand protection is important for reducing injuries to the hand and wrist.