Tapping Global Potential of Pakistan in Merchandise Trade: Evidence from PPML Based Gravity Model and Trade Potential Index

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150017
Author(s):  
Nazia Gul ◽  
Javed Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trade Potential ◽  
Manufactured Goods ◽  
Proactive Measures ◽  
Merchandise Trade

This study aims to assess the trade potential of Pakistan in terms of destinations and products against 101 potential trading partners while applying the gravity model and the trade potential index. The findings indicate that Pakistan’s trade/export potential is maximum with the countries which are not its traditional trading partners. On the other hand, “manufactured goods”, “misc manufactured articles” and “food groups” are the products where maximum trade/export potential exists. Results indicate that Pakistan should not only adopt proactive measures to tap non-traditional partners but it is equally important to strengthen the level of trade with its traditional trading partners.

scholarly journals Trade Potential of China’s Export to ASEAN: The Gravity Model Using New Economic Mass Proxies

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqin Zhang ◽  
Shouyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Member States ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trade Potential ◽  
High Share

AbstractConsidering the fact that China is the world factory, in which the trade of intermediate goods has a relatively high share and especially that the trade of intermediate goods with ASEAN is even higher, it is not suitable to use GDP as the economic mass proxies in the gravity model to estimate trade flows traditionally. This paper, by using the data between China and 10 member states of ASEAN along with other 12 main trading partners of China from 1999 to 2013, constructs China’s bilateral export equation based on the gravity model using new economic mass proxies according to Baldwin and Taglioni, and then calculates the trade potential index of China’s export to the member states of ASEAN by using this equation. The empirical results show that, China’s export trade equation based on new economic mass proxy has stronger explanatory power compared to the standard gravity model by using GDP as economic mass proxy. Therefore, the calculating results of trade potential of China’s export to ASEAN are more convincing.

Structure of Japan's Export Trade and its Problems

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 606-625
Author(s):  
Shigeru Fujh
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The Future ◽  
Manufactured Goods ◽  
Export Industries

The fact that Japan started capitalization and industrialization much later than advanced countries has imparted considerable peculiarities to her economy. Japan has had to establish her manufacturing industries amidst com¬petition from advanced countries. This was the case when she first suc¬ceeded in establishing her light industries as export industries; so it has been in recent times with the exportation of chemicals and machinery, and will be in the future with the exportation of manufactured goods newly developed. On the other hand, there are many young rising nations which are speeding up their industrialization. Some of them have already succeeded in establishing their light industries as export industries, replacing the im¬ports from Japan in their domestic markets and competing with Japanese goods in world markets.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Impact of the New International Land and Sea Trade Channel on the Development of the Trade Potential of 8 Domestic Provinces and Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 03024
Author(s):  
Gu Jijian ◽  
Feng Lipeng ◽  
He Liyan ◽  
Zhong Heng
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Potential Coefficient ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trade Potential ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Trade Channel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

The new international land and sea trade channel is an important part of China’s “The Belt and Road Initiative” going south, with Chongqing as the operating center, and 7 provinces and cities such as Guangxi, Guizhou, and Gansu as key nodes. Gravity Model of Trade is adopted to analyze the issue of trade creation effect and trade transfer effect in the flow of China-ASEAN trade in detail. According to the theoretical trade value calculated by the export gravity model, the actual trade value was divided by the theoretical value to calculate the trade potential coefficient, which has been applied to measure the trade potential of export of 8 provinces and cities to the ten ASEAN countries. It is concluded that trading partners are in different types ranging from “potential remodeling”, “potential expansion” to “great potential”, and heterogeneity tests are performed to prove the self-consistency of the effect measurement. Further, it is proposed that to further develop trade relations, we must develop positive factors to promote export trade, stimulate trade needs of partner countries, and actively develop trade market countermeasures.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

ON THE OTHER HAND

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 222-223
Author(s):  
Edwin G. Boring
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand
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