STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF CATTLE HORNS

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1440011 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONG-JUN YU ◽  
MENG ZOU ◽  
SHU-CAI XU ◽  
RONG-RONG ZHANG ◽  
HUI-XIA WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Laminated Structure ◽  
Pendulum Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to investigate the structure and mechanical characteristics of cattle horns, the microstructures of the keratin shell and bone core were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and a series of mechanical tests were performed by the tension-compression test machine and pendulum impact test machine. Results showed that the keratin shell was a laminated structure stacked by keratin protein slices, and the bone core was a light-weight porous material with pores randomly distributed in the longitudinal direction. The ultimate tensile strength of the keratin shell diminished gradually from distal to middle to proximal parts with the values of 162, 125 and 85 MPa, respectively. The ultimate compressive strength of keratin shell and bone core in the longitudinal direction was higher than that in the transverse. The moisture could cut down significantly the mechanical characteristics of keratin shell and bone core. The shock toughness of the keratin shell was 4.9 J/cm2, which was 7 times as large as that of the bone core. It can be concluded that cattle horn is a graded biological material with outstanding mechanical characteristics. The moisture, location and direction of the sampling have a significant effect on the mechanical characteristics of cattle horns. Compared with the bone core, the keratin shell has a better crashworthiness performance.

Characteristics of natural leather finished with some ecofriendly mixtures of polymeric aqueous dispersions

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Niculescu ◽  
Zenovia Moldovan ◽  
Minodora Leca ◽  
Ciprian Chelaru ◽  
Laura Alexandrescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Acrylic Copolymer ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
Acrylic Copolymers ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract A series of mixtures of acrylic copolymer aqueous dispersions or acrylic copolymers and polyurethane water dispersions were used as environmentally friendly base coatings and an acrylic self-crosslinkable copolymer dispersion containing epoxy resin as top coating for natural leather. Samples finished with the proposed additives were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and physical-mechanical tests. FT-IR spectra show that the proposed ecofriendly dispersion used as top coating not only covers the surface of leather, but it is chemically bound with the base coat, assuring a resistant coverage. SEM images show smooth and uniform surfaces. Physical-mechanical characteristics are superior to those imposed by standards in force, demonstrating that the proposed dispersion is able to substitute successfully the top coating nitrocellulose aqueous emulsions (noted EMAL) commonly used as finishing agents, in which the nitrocellulose is dispersed as solution.

Influence of stack sequence on the mechanical characteristics of hybrid composites analyzed using cone beam computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 5059-5071
Author(s):  
Srinivas Shenoy Heckadka ◽  
Raghuvir Pai Ballambat ◽  
Vijay Kini Manjeshwar ◽  
Mathangi Kumar ◽  
Pranav Hegde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Scanning Electron

Characterisation of Energy Generating PolyVinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Based Piezoelectric Filament

2011 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 366-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vatansever ◽  
R.L. Hadimani ◽  
T. Shah ◽  
E. Siores
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Drawing Ratio ◽  
Dc Voltage

Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Is Not Inherently Piezoelectric however Non-Piezoelectric α-Crystal Form of the Polymer Can Be Transform to Piezoelectric β-Crystal Form by Application of High Drawing Ratio, Heat and High DC Voltage. in this Work, some Mechanical Tests, such as Linear Density, Tenacity, Elongation%, Were Carried Out to Comparatively Investigate both Poled and Unpoled PVDF Filaments which Were Produced via a Continuous Process in a Customized Melt Extruder. the Voltage Responses of Poled and Unpoled Filaments Were Also Investigated under a Standard Impact Test Ring. These Filaments Were then Studied under Semi Electron Microscopy (SEM) for their Micro Structural Analysis.

Prediction and Verification of Compatibility of MMT Nanofiller in PA6 Matrix

2014 ◽  
Vol 635 ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislav Duleba ◽  
Emil Spišák ◽  
Janusz W. Sikora ◽  
Ľudmila Dulebova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Cloisite 30B ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Hamaker Constants ◽  
Adhesion Work ◽  
Test Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

This contribution deals about study of mechanical properties and compatibility between PA6 polymer as matrix and modified and unmodified montmorillonite clay nanofiller Cloisite. For this purposes in the first part of study the Hamaker constants, Adhesion work and B parameter for systems PA6/Cloisite 30B, PA6/Cloisite 93A and Pa6/Cloisite Na+ were calculated and compared. The second part of article consists of mechanical tests (tensile test, impact test) of moulded samples and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study of these samples.

scholarly journals Механические свойства композитного покрытия SiC на графите, полученного методом замещения атомов

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (20) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
А.С. Гращенко ◽  
С.А. Кукушкин ◽  
А.В. Осипов ◽  
А.В. Редьков
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Continuous Film ◽  
Silicon Melt ◽  
First Time ◽  
Initial Graphite ◽  
Scanning Electron

The mechanical properties of composite coatings made of silicon carbide on graphite are studied for the first time. For the deposition of coatings, a new method of annealing the initial graphite was used, which was in contact with a silicon melt in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide.The samples were studied by nanoindentation and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that the formed coating consists of a continuous film of monocrystalline silicon carbide lying on the surface, dendrites and crystalline druses, with roots going deep into the sample through a system of pores. It is shown that the coating significantly increases the mechanical characteristics of the graphite surface, including the microhardness.

scholarly journals Improvement of Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Natural Rubber for Anti-Vibration Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabel K. Abd Ali ◽  
Malia. M. Farhan ◽  
Abbas S . Moosa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Friction Resistance ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Rheological Test ◽  
Sem Test ◽  
Master Batch ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract   This research aims to study and improve the passivating specifications of rubber resistant to  vibration. In this paper, seven different rubber recipes were prepared based on mixtures of natural rubber(NR)  as an essential part in addition to the synthetic rubber (IIR, BRcis, SBR, CR)with different rates. Mechanical tests such as tensile strength, hardness, friction, resistance to compression, fatigue and creep testing in addition to the rheological test were performed. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)test was used to examine the structure morphology of rubber. After studying and analyzing the results, we found that, recipe containing (BRcis) of 40% from the natural rubber has the best mechanical and physical specifications to be used in applications that require the presence of rubber, resistant to vibration. Keywords: Ant vibration behavior , Natural rubber, Synthetic rubber, master batch.

scholarly journals Study of the interface area in the metalo-ceramic prosthetic restorations by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and EDS Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Interface Area ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Bond ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Scanning Electron

The research of the metal-ceramic bond and the evaluation of its quality is possible through indirect non-destructive methods, which conclusively complete the mechanical tests to measure the shear resistance. The quality of the restorations in which the chemical adhesion is the mechanism with defining role on the nature of the metal-ceramic bond is achieved mainly by the appearance of an oxide layer formed by the elements in the composition of the alloys. The oxide layer ensures the oxygen bridges, the diffusion of the metal ions into the ceramic mass, the creation of the necessary conditions for the chemical reactions at the metal-ceramic interface. However, the thickness of the oxide layer is an important parameter, which controls the quality of the resistance of the metal-ceramic bond. The analysis of the interface area by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the EDS analysis allowed the examination of both components and provided information on the type of rupture when the ceramic was removed from the metallic substrate, the compositional nature in the interface area, the presence of the oxide layer and of its characteristics. The experimental results obtained confirm some results from the literature on the behavior of the noble alloys as substrates in the metal-ceramic restorations.

A case study focusing on investigating the tribological performance of Cu-Sn sintered brake pad of off-high road vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (27) ◽  
pp. 4299-4310
Author(s):  
V Vineeth Kumar ◽  
S Senthil Kumaran ◽  
S Dhanalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Copper-based sintered friction materials are most suitable for heavy-duty off-road vehicles, trains, aircraft, and military applications. This present study aims to investigate the tribological performance, dominating wear mechanism of an existing copper-tin sintered friction material that is being used in armoured fighting vehicle. The brake pad was tested as per IS 2742 using the chase test machine. Especially fade cycle was carried out till 441℃ to analyze the frictional response of the material. Physical, mechanical, and tribological properties were evaluated as per industrial standards. Morphological analysis was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy, and wear debris analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The dominating wear mechanisms were found to be delamination and abrasive wear. The investigated results showed a less wear rate of 0.05 cm3/MJ. However, results seem to be better for high-energy applications by exhibiting excellent mechanical properties.

Tuning the Ablation, Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Phenolic Resin Reinforced EPDM Ultra-High Temperature Insulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Sadia Sagar Iqbal ◽  
Tasawer Shahzad Ahmad ◽  
Arshad Bashir ◽  
Ali Bahadar ◽  
Farzana Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽  
Polymer Melting ◽  
Base Matrix ◽  
Ablation Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present research reports the influences of variant phenolic resin concentrations on the thermo-mechanical and ablation characteristics of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) elastomer. Backface temperature acclivity (BTA), charring rates, and insulation indexes were executed for the fabricated composite specimens. It was noticed that BTA was enhanced while linear/radial/mass ablation rates were significantly diminished with increasing concentration of phenolic resin (PR) in base matrix (elastomeric polymer). The composite (30wt%PR/EPDM) has 25% high thermal endurance compared to virgin EPDM composite. Thermal conductivity was increased with increasing PR to EPDM ratio. PR incorporation has remarkably enhanced the ultimate tensile strength of the EPDM elastomer. An efficient improvement in elastomeric hardness was also observed with increasing PR contents in EPDM matrix. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results showed the porosity generation and polymer melting during ablation.

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