LANGUAGE DYNAMICS

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1203002 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA BARONCHELLI ◽  
VITTORIO LORETO ◽  
FRANCESCA TRIA
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Interdisciplinary Effort ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Mathematics And Physics

Thirty authors of different disciplines, ranging from cognitive science and linguistics to mathematics and physics, address the topic of language origin and evolution. Language dynamics is investigated through an interdisciplinary effort, involving field and synthetic experiments, modelling and comparison of the theoretical predictions with empirical data. The result consists in new insights that significantly contribute to the ongoing debate on the origin and the evolution of language. In this Topical Issue the state of the art of this novel and fertile approach is reported by major experts of the field.

scholarly journals The Origin and Evolution of Language and the Propagation of Organization

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
New Media ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Origin Of Language ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact

In this presentation we will study propagating organization. We begin by examining the evolution and origin of language by briefly reviewing the impact of the phonetic alphabet (Logan 2004a), the evolution of notated language (Logan 2004b), the origin of language and culture (Logan 2006, 2007), the role of collaboration in knowledge management (Logan and Stokes 2004), the impact of “new media” (Logan in preparation). We will then connect this work to the propagating organization of all living organisms (Kauffman et al. in press) where we will show that information in biotic systems are the constraints that instruct living organisms how to operate. We will demonstrate that instructional or biotic information is quite different than the classical notion of information Shannon developed for addressing engineering problems in telecommunications. We also will show that biosemiosis is in some sense equivalent to propagating organization (Kauffman et al. in press). We then conclude our presentation with the speculation that there exist at least seven levels of biosemiosis.

scholarly journals Strategies for Creating Technology Businesses by Serial Entrepreneurs as a Source of New Industrialization

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Pavel Glukhikh ◽  
Alla Golovina
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Technology Entrepreneurship ◽  
Dominant Strategies ◽  
Serial Entrepreneurs ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
New Industrialization

The demand for new industrialization makes the lack of innovation in Russia a topical issue. Serial entrepreneurs are a promising source of innovation. Basing on empirical data (SPARK database), we considered the hypothesis that mass strategies for establishing a technology business are less effective. The aim of the article is to develop a theoretical and methodological approach to serial technology entrepreneurship as a source of new industrialization. The authors identified 4 dominant strategies used by serial entrepreneurs to set up technology businesses. The necessity of a new term "serial potential" of an entrepreneur is substantiated. The research novelty refers to the development of the methodological approach "The Effect of serial technology entrepreneur", which allows evaluating the performance of serial technology entrepreneurs in setting up technology companies. It has been found that the strategy "From services in technology field to production" is the most advantageous in terms of total efficiency for new industrialization.

scholarly journals Introduction: Origin and Evolution of Language—An Interdisciplinary Perspective

Topoi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ferretti ◽  
Ines Adornetti ◽  
Alessandra Chiera ◽  
Erica Cosentino ◽  
Serena Nicchiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective

Editorial

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Evert Hasselaar
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Healthy Housing

What can a special issue on sustainable and healthy housing contribute to the widespread ongoing debate? Well, there is a need for good examples, for successful strategies and for “stepping stones”, meaning that better practices are based on acquired experience. Also, the young generation has to be prepared for state-of-the art sustainable principles and products and not to treat them as innovations.

The Normativity of Meaning Revisited

2019 ◽  
pp. 295-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Johann Glock
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Linguistic Behaviour ◽  
Normativity Of Meaning ◽  
Semantic Normativity ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Normative Status

The question of whether meaning is inherently normative has become a central topic in philosophy and linguistics. It also has crucial implications for anthropology and for understanding the evolution of language. This chapter defends the normativity of meaning against some recent challenges. Anti-normativists contend that while there are “semantic principles”—aka explanations of meaning—specifying conditions for the correct application of expressions, these are either not genuinely normative or they are not in fact constitutive of meaning. This dilemma can be defused if one clarifies the notions of norm, rule, and convention, distinguishes different dimensions of semantic normativity, and pays attention to different types of mistakes that can afflict linguistic behaviour. One needs to keep apart: norms of truth and of meaning, regulative and constitutive rules, rules and the reasons for following or disregarding them, pro tanto and all things considered obligations. On that basis the chapter argues that correctness is a normative notion and that constitutive rules in general and explanations of meaning in particular play various normative roles in linguistic practices. Furthermore, while speakers may conform to and occasionally violate semantic principle for defeasible prudential reasons, this is perfectly compatible with the principles having a normative status. The final section discusses the question of whether human communication requires communally shared rules or conventions and the age-old problem of circularity: how could such conventions be essential to language, given that the latter appears prerequisite for establishing and communicating conventions in the first place?

Planar locomotion of earthworm-like metameric robots

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (14) ◽  
pp. 1751-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Zhan ◽  
Hongbin Fang ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Kon-Well Wang
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Generation Algorithm ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
In Series ◽  
Number Of Segments ◽  
Morphology Characteristics

The goal of this research is to develop a generic earthworm-like locomotion robot model consisting of a large number of segments in series and based on which to systematically investigate the generation of planar locomotion gaits and their correlation with a robot’s locomotion performance. The investigation advances the state-of-the-art by addressing some fundamental but largely unaddressed issues in the field. These issues include (a) how to extract the main shape and deformation characteristics of the earthworm’s body and build a generic model, (b) how to coordinate the deformations of different segments such that steady-state planar locomotion can be achieved, and (c) how different locomotion gaits would qualitatively and quantitatively affect the robot’s locomotion performance, and how to evaluate them. Learning from earthworms’ unique morphology characteristics, a generic kinematic model of earthworm-like metameric locomotion robots is developed. Left/right-contracted segments are introduced into the model to achieve planar locomotion. Then, this paper proposes a gait-generation algorithm by mimicking the earthworm’s retrograde peristalsis wave, with which all admissible locomotion gaits can be constructed. We discover that when controlled by different gaits, the robot would exhibit four qualitatively different locomotion modes, namely, rectilinear, sidewinding, circular, and cycloid locomotion. For each mode, kinematic indexes are defined and examined to characterize their locomotion performances. For verification, a proof-of-concept robot hardware is designed and prototyped. Experiments reveal that with the proposed robot model and the employed gait controls, locomotion of different modes can be effectively achieved, and they agree well with the theoretical predictions.

Forest fragmentation and forest management: A plea for empirical data

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G G. D'Eon
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Habitat Loss And Fragmentation ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Forest Managers

Forest fragmentation is one of the most important conservation issues of recent times. Most of what we know about forest fragmentation is based on speculation and untested theory due to a paucity of empirical data. The lack of empirical data can be attributed to (1) the extreme difficulty in conducting good fragmentation studies, and (2) confusion between habitat loss and fragmentation effects. Empirical data from well-designed fragmentation studies is direly needed to validate theoretical predictions stemming from the fragmentation paradigm. Since the best data will come from landscape-scale experiments in managed forests, partnerships and support from researchers and forest managers is critical in this pursuit. Key words: empirical data, forest fragmentation, landscape spatial patterns

scholarly journals A communicative community of agents

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Dorota Lipowska
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Global Property ◽  
Genetic Assimilation ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Game Type

Abstract Dorota Lipowska. A Communicative Community of Agents. Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. L IV (1)/2012. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. PL ISSN 0079-4740, ISBN 978-83-7654-103-7, pp. 77-87. Computer modelling is becoming an increasingly important tool for researching the problem of origin and evolution of language. Afundamental technique is that of multi-agent modelling, which simulates a system of dynamically interacting individuals called agents, equipped with strictly defined properties and rules governing their behaviour or evolution. In such a population (a communicative community), as a result only of local interactions between agents, a process of self-organization occurs and some kind of global property emerges, such as linguistic coherence. Presented here are two models of the naming game type, in which agents exchange names of objects, gradually establishing a common vocabulary. In the evolutionary version there was observed a very strong link between biological and linguistic processes, being a clear manifestation of Baldwin’s effect - genetic assimilation of the ability to learn (a language, for example). In the multi-object version the development of homonymy and synonymy was studied, as well as the effect of noise on a developing language.

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