NANOMEDICINES: DELIVERING DRUGS USING BOTTOM UP NANOTECHNOLOGY

2005 ◽  
Vol 04 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 855-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN GARNETT
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Dna Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nanosized Materials

The use of nanosized materials changes the way in which drugs are handled by the body and offers opportunities to improve drug delivery. The physiological mechanisms controlling the distribution of nanosized materials (enhanced permeability and retention effect, cellular uptake pathways and opsonisation/elimination of nanoparticles) are described. Two different nanosized drug delivery systems are considered; drug delivery and DNA delivery. The deficiencies of currently available biodegradable polymers for preparation of drug containing nanoparticles are mainly the amount of drug that can be incorporated and the rapid rate of drug release. The development of new biodegradable polymers which can interact with the drug and so significantly increase drug loading and decrease the rate of drug release are outlined. DNA delivery necessitates overcoming a variety of biological barriers. We are developing polyelectrolyte complexes of DNA with cationic polyamidoamines (PAA) as a delivery system. Complexing PAA with DNA results in good transfection of cells in vitro. However, in vivo, a more complex arrangement of PAA, Polyethylene glycol-PAA copolymers, DNA and the use of ligands will be required. Despite these efforts, further developments will be needed in nanotechnology for both drug and DNA nanoparticle delivery systems to achieve our clinical objectives.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON NOVEL OSMOTIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
AS Bansode ◽  
K Sarvanan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body

Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) are the key area of pharmaceutical research and Development. The reason is relatively low development cost and time required for introducing a NDDS as compared to new chemical entity. Many conventional drug delivery systems have been designed to modulate the release a drug over an extended period of a time. Various designs are available to control or modulate the drug release from a dosage forms. Majority of oral CR dosage forms fall in the category of matrix, reservoir or osmotic systems. Osmotically controlled drug delivery systems (OCDDS) is one of the most promising drug delivery technology that use osmotic pressure as a driving force for controlled delivery of active agents. Drug release from OCDDS is independent of pH and hydrodynamic conditions of the body because of the semipermeable nature of the Rate controlling membrane and the design of deliver orifice used in osmotic systems, so a high degree of In vitro/In vivo correlation is achieved. Osmotic drug delivery systems release the drug with the zero order kinetics which does not depend on the initial concentration and the physiological factors of GIT. This review brings out new technologies, fabrication and recent clinical research in osmotic drug delivery. Keywords: Osmotic, Matrix, Reservoir, Fabrication

Nanostructured Ketorolac-Tromethamine/MCF: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Drug Release System

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana M. Juarez ◽  
Jorgelina Cussa ◽  
Marcos B. Gomez Costa ◽  
Oscar A. Anunziata
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Ketorolac Tromethamine

Background: Controlled drug delivery systems can maintain the concentration of drugs in the exact sites of the body within the optimum range and below the toxicity threshold, improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity. Mesostructured Cellular Foam (MCF) material is a new promising host for drug delivery systems due to high biocompatibility, in vivo biodegradability and low toxicity. Methods: Ketorolac-Tromethamine/MCF composite was synthesized. The material synthesis and loading of ketorolac-tromethamine into MCF pores were successful as shown by XRD, FTIR, TGA, TEM and textural analyses. Results: We obtained promising results for controlled drug release using the novel MCF material. The application of these materials in KETO release is innovative, achieving an initial high release rate and then maintaining a constant rate at high times. This allows keeping drug concentration within the range of therapeutic efficacy, being highly applicable for the treatment of diseases that need a rapid response. The release of KETO/MCF was compared with other containers of KETO (KETO/SBA-15) and commercial tablets. Conclusion: The best model to fit experimental data was Ritger-Peppas equation. Other models used in this work could not properly explain the controlled drug release of this material. The predominant release of KETO from MCF was non-Fickian diffusion.

A Smart Drug Delivery System Based on Thermo-Responsive Polymer Gated Au NRs@SiO2 Nano-Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029-1036
Author(s):  
Hongzhu Wang ◽  
Mengxun Chen ◽  
Liping Song ◽  
Youju Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Temperature Sensitive

A key challenge for nanoparticles-based drug delivery system is to achieve manageable drug release in tumour cell. In this study, a versatile system combining photothermal therapy and controllable drug release for tumour cells using temperature-sensitive block copolymer coupled Au NRs@SiO2 is reported. While the Au NRs serve as hyperthermal agent and the mesoporous silica was used to improve the drug loading and decrease biotoxicity. The block copolymer acted as “gatekeeper” to regulate the release of model drug (Doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX). Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, we achieved the truly controllable drug release and photothermal therapy with the collaborative effect of the three constituents of the nanocomposites. The reported nanocomposites pave the way to high-performance controllable drug release and photothermal therapy system.

Stimuli-responsive Polymeric nanosystems for therapeutic applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Handa ◽  
Ajit Singh ◽  
S.J.S. Flora ◽  
Rahul Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Stimuli Responsive

Background: Recent past decades have reported emerging of polymeric nanoparticles as a promising technique for controlled and targeted drug delivery. As nanocarriers, they have high drug loading and delivery to the specific site or targeted cells with an advantage of no drug leakage within en route and unloading of a drug in a sustained fashion at the site. These stimuli-responsive systems are functionalized in dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomal nanoparticles, quantum dots. Purpose of Review: The authors reviewed the potential of smart stimuli-responsive carriers for therapeutic application and their behavior in external or internal stimuli like pH, temperature, redox, light, and magnet. These stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems behave differently in In vitro and In vivo drug release patterns. Stimuli-responsive nanosystems include both hydrophilic and hydrophobic systems. This review highlights the recent development of the physical properties and their application in specific drug delivery. Conclusion: The stimuli (smart, intelligent, programmed) drug delivery systems provide site-specific drug delivery with potential therapy for cancer, neurodegenerative, lifestyle disorders. As development and innovation, the stimuli-responsive based nanocarriers are moving at a fast pace and huge demand for biocompatible and biodegradable responsive polymers for effective and safe delivery.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Paclitaxel Palmitate Albumin Nanoparticles With High Loading Efficacy: an in Vitro and in Vivo Anti-tumor Study in Mouse Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Chen ◽  
Sifan Huang ◽  
Heyi Wang ◽  
Xinmei Chen ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albumin Nanoparticles ◽  
Loading System

Abstract Background: Combination of the prodrug technique with an albumin nanodrug-loaded system is a novel promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the long-lasting and far-reaching challenge for the treatment of cancers lies in how to construct the albumin nanometer drug delivery system with lead compounds and their derivatives. Results: In this study, we reported the preparation of injectable albumin nanoparticles (NPs) with a high and quantitative drug loading system based on the NabTM technology of paclitaxel palmitate (PTX-PA). Our experimental study on drug tissue distribution in vivo demonstrated that the paclitaxel palmitate albumin NPs (Nab-PTX-PA) remained in the tumor for a longer time post injection. Compared with saline and Abraxane® (nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel), intravenous injection of Nab-PTX-PA not only reduced the toxicity of the drug in normal organs and increased the body weight of the animals but maintained sustained release of paclitaxel (PTX) in the tumor, thereby displaying an excellent antitumor activity. Blood routine analysis showed that Nab-PTX-PA had fewer adverse effects or less toxicity to the normal organsand more importantly it inhibited tumor cell proliferation more effectively as compared with commercial Abraxane®.Conclusions: This carrier strategy for small molecule drugs is based on naturally evolved interactions between LCFAs(Long Chain Fatty Acids) and HSA(human serum albumin), demonstrated here for PTX. Nab-PTX-PA shows higher maximum tolerated doses and increased efficacy in vivo in breast cancer models, as compared to Abraxane for FDA-approved clinical formulations. This novel injectable Nab-PTX-PA platform has great potential as an effective drug delivery system in the treatment of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Biocompatible thermo-responsive N-vinylcaprolactam based hydrogels for controlled drug delivery systems

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1712-1719
Author(s):  
J. Fernanda Romero ◽  
Antonio Díaz-Barrios ◽  
Gema González
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Controlled Drug Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

The treatment of several diseases requires drugs commonly administered orally or intravenously. Said administration has several drawbacks, such as low control of the necessary drug levels in plasma, making the treatment ineffective and, furthermore, side effects and low compatibility with the patient. Recently, the use of stimuli-responsive hydrogels in controlled Drug Delivery Systems (DDSs) has been considered an excellent alternative because of its inherent biocompatibility, responsiveness to physiological changes in the body, and diversity of both natural and synthetic material options. The present work focuses mainly on the synthesis, characterization, and drug release capacity of poly (N-vinyl caprolactam) (PVCL) and poly (N-vinyl caprolactam) microgels crosslinked with various concentrations of poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), which show temperature stimuli-responsiveness near the physiological temperature of the human body. For that reason, changes in the average hydrodynamic particle diameter at different temperatures are estimated and correlated with the drug release rate. The model drug chosen for releasing studies is colchicine, a potential drug for gout disease treatment, currently in disuse because of its low therapeutic index. It is expected that the use of the control release procedure by drug encapsulation in this polymer overcomes this drawback. The synthesis of PVCL homopolymer and three VCL-co-PEGDA hydrogels varying the PEGDA crosslinker concentration was successfully carried out by emulsion polymerization. Their characterization was performed by DLS and FTIR spectroscopy. Polymerization yields were estimated by total solids analysis, and UV-VIS determined the cloud points. Finally, the drug loading and release over time were monitored by HPLC and UV-VIS spectroscopy showing that drug release profiles obtained corresponded to a sustained drug delivery system.

Liposomes as colloidal nanovehicles: on the road to success in intravenous drug delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaira Naeem ◽  
Geetha Viswanathan ◽  
Misni Bin Misran
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Triggered Release ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

AbstractThe advancement of research in colloidal systems has led to the increased application of this technology in more effective and targeted drug delivery. Nanotechnology enables control over functionality parameters and allows innovations in biodegradable, biocompatible, and stimuli-responsive delivery systems. The first closed bilayer phospholipid system, the liposome system, has been making steady progress over five decades of extensive research and has been efficient in achieving many desirable parameters such as remote drug loading, size-controlling measures, longer circulation half-lives, and triggered release. Liposome-mediated drug delivery has been successful in overcoming obstacles to cellular and tissue uptake of drugs with improved biodistributionin vitroandin vivo. These colloidal nanovehicles have moved on from a mere concept to clinical applications in various drug delivery systems for antifungal, antibiotic, and anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Novel Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems Based on a Homolipid from Capra hircus and Its Admixtures with Melon Oil for the Delivery of Indomethacin

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nicholas C. Obitte ◽  
Kenneth C. Ofokansi ◽  
Franklin C. Kenechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In this study, goat fat (Capra hircus) and melon oil were extracted and used to formulate self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) based on either goat fat alone or its admixture with melon oil by employing escalating ratios of oil(s), surfactant blend (1 : 1 Tween 60 and Tween 80), and cosurfactant (Span 85), with or without carbosil, a glidant, for the delivery of indomethacin. The formulations were encapsulated in hard gelatin capsules and then assessed using isotropicity test, aqueous dilution stability and precipitation propensity, absolute drug content, emulsification time, in vitro drug release, and anti-inflammatory activity. The SNEDDS exhibited low precipitation propensity and excellent stability on copious dilution, as well as high drug release in vitro and in vivo. The inhibition produced by the SNEDDS was comparable to that of indomethacin injection (positive control) for much of the 5 h test period, indicating a high degree of bioavailability of the administered SNEDDS. The absolute drug contents and emulsification times fell within narrow limits. This study has shown that a 1 : 1 ratio of melon oil and goat fat could confer favourable properties with respect to drug release and anti-inflammatory activity on SNEDDS for the delivery of indomethacin, thus encouraging further development of the formulations.

scholarly journals Carrier-free nanoparticles of camptothecin prodrug for chemo-photothermal therapy: the making, in vitro and in vivo testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingtao Ao ◽  
Fei Yu ◽  
Yixiang Li ◽  
Mengya Zhong ◽  
Yonghe Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Amphiphilic Drug ◽  
Carrier Free

Abstract Background Nanoscale drug delivery systems have emerged as broadly applicable approach for chemo-photothermal therapy. However, these nanoscale drug delivery systems suffer from carrier-induced toxicity, uncontrolled drug release and low drug carrying capacity issues. Thus, to develop carrier-free nanoparticles self-assembled from amphiphilic drug molecules, containing photothermal agent and anticancer drug, are very attractive. Results In this study, we conjugated camptothecin (CPT) with a photothermal agent new indocyanine green (IR820) via a redox-responsive disulfide linker. The resulting amphiphilic drug–drug conjugate (IR820-SS-CPT) can self-assemble into nanoparticles (IR820-SS-CPT NPs) in aqueous solution, thus remarkably improving the membrane permeability of IR820 and the aqueous solubility of CPT. The disulfide bond in the IR820-SS-CPT NPs could be cleaved in GSH rich tumor microenvironment, leading to the on demand release of the conjugated drug. Importantly, the IR820-SS-CPT NPs displayed an extremely high therapeutic agent loading efficiency (approaching 100%). Besides, in vitro experimental results indicated that IR820-SS-CPT NPs displayed remarkable tumor cell killing efficiency. Especially, the IR820-SS-CPT NPs exhibited excellent anti-tumor effects in vivo. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted, which have indicated that the design of IR820-SS-CPT NPs can provide an efficient nanotherapeutics for chemo-photothermal therapy. Conclusion A novel activatable amphiphilic small molecular prodrug IR820-SS-CPT has been developed in this study, which integrated multiple advantages of GSH-triggered drug release, high therapeutic agent content, and combined chemo-photothermal therapy into one drug delivery system. Graphical Abstract

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