Production with a High Yield of Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals by Enzymatic Hydrolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950015
Author(s):  
Ricardo Brandes ◽  
Leticia de Souza ◽  
Claudimir Carminatti ◽  
Derce Recouvreux
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Cellulose Hydrogel ◽  
Time Required

Bacterial cellulose nanocrystals are highly crystalline structures with nanoscopic scale dimensions that have received increased attention in the nanocomposites area. Its properties, such as large surface area, low density, mechanical strength and ease of modification, are attractive to the preparation many kinds of nanomaterials applied multifunctional in various fields. Besides, the cellulose nanocrystals are from abundant and renewable sources that are biodegradable. An altemative method is to obtain bacterial cellulose nanocrystal by enzymatic hydrolysis because it is, less expensive, it does not use chemicals and it requires much less energy. In this sense, the primary objective of this study was to produce bacterial cellulose using glycerol as a carbon source and isolate nanocrystals from bacterial cellulose using the enzymatic hydrolysis. This study also investigated the yield of nanocrystals depending on the weight of the bacterial cellulose hydrogel, keeping constant some enzymes. The study shows us that the enzymatic method has the best performance when using cellulose hydrogel 2[Formula: see text]g to 40[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]L cellulase enzyme (endoglucanase) and 1[Formula: see text]mL of citrate buffer. Also, it was observed that the yield of nanocrystals decrease with increasing time required for the hydrolysis.

Comprehensive utilization strategy of cellulose in a facile, controllable, high-yield preparation process of cellulose nanocrystals using aqueous tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangchao Cheng ◽  
Panpan Zhao ◽  
Tulong Ouyang ◽  
Jianping Sun ◽  
Yiqiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Comprehensive Utilization ◽  
High Utilization ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Utilization Strategy

Tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide treatment of cellulose enabled facile, controllable, high-yield preparation of cellulose nanocrystals and effective enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic residue, resulting in a high utilization rate of more than 95%.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Hydrolysis in the Green Production of Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 7725-7734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesare Rovera ◽  
Masoud Ghaani ◽  
Nadia Santo ◽  
Silvia Trabattoni ◽  
Richard T. Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Green Production

scholarly journals Sustainable High Yield Route to Cellulose Nanocrystals from Bacterial Cellulose

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 14384-14388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Pääkkönen ◽  
Panagiotis Spiliopoulos ◽  
Nonappa ◽  
Katri S. Kontturi ◽  
Paavo Penttilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
High Yield

scholarly journals Bacterial cellulose spheroids as building blocks for 3D and patterned living materials and for regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Caro-Astorga ◽  
Kenneth T. Walker ◽  
Natalia Herrera ◽  
Koon-Yang Lee ◽  
Tom Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
First Time ◽  
3D Shapes ◽  
Promising Avenue ◽  
Living Materials

AbstractEngineered living materials (ELMs) based on bacterial cellulose (BC) offer a promising avenue for cheap-to-produce materials that can be programmed with genetically encoded functionalities. Here we explore how ELMs can be fabricated in a modular fashion from millimetre-scale biofilm spheroids grown from shaking cultures of Komagataeibacter rhaeticus. Here we define a reproducible protocol to produce BC spheroids with the high yield bacterial cellulose producer K. rhaeticus and demonstrate for the first time their potential for their use as building blocks to grow ELMs in 3D shapes. Using genetically engineered K. rhaeticus, we produce functionalized BC spheroids and use these to make and grow patterned BC-based ELMs that signal within a material and can sense and report on chemical inputs. We also investigate the use of BC spheroids as a method to regenerate damaged BC materials and as a way to fuse together smaller material sections of cellulose and synthetic materials into a larger piece. This work improves our understanding of BC spheroid formation and showcases their great potential for fabricating, patterning and repairing ELMs based on the promising biomaterial of bacterial cellulose.

scholarly journals Effect of cross-linkable bacterial cellulose nanocrystals on the physicochemical properties of silk sericin films

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 107161
Author(s):  
Jeongmin Nam ◽  
Yujin Hyun ◽  
Subin Oh ◽  
Jinseok Park ◽  
Hyoung-Joon Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Silk Sericin

Accessibility, Mobility and Spatial Patterns of Primary Health Care use in Ajedabiya: a Household Interview Survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Salem F. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Consultation Rate ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Time Required

AbstractThe primary objective of this study is to examine the type of Primary Health Care (PHC) facility used by a sample of households in Ajedabiya, taking into account the respondents' living standards and their perception of the quality of the care provided, as well as the mode of travel and travel time required to reach the health care centres. The overall level of service use has been increasing over time, reaching an annual consultation rate of up to four visits per person per year, a high level by international standards. Three major groupings of disease were identified for which the four selected PHC facilities were preferred. Satisfaction with care was analysed by looking at key variables, including staff behaviour, availability of doctors, vector distance to the PHC facility, general evaluation of health services and qualified doctors. Household incomes did not appear to be an important factor except for attending private clinics. Unlike income, distance had a strong effect on utilisation, leading to the conclusion that PHC should continue to be provided within the community, and developed further to achieve equity, effectiveness and affordability.

A new enzymatic method to obtain high-yield F(ab)2 suitable for clinical use from mouse IgGl

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mariant ◽  
M. Camagna ◽  
L. Tarditi ◽  
E. Seccamani
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Enzymatic Method

scholarly journals Analysis of Cryptography Algorithms Implemented in Android Mobile Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-807
Author(s):  
Alen Salkanovic ◽  
Sandi Ljubic ◽  
Ljubisa Stankovic ◽  
Jonatan Lerga
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Symmetric Encryption ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Encryption Algorithms ◽  
Android Operating System ◽  
Time Required

This paper evaluates the performances of numerous encryption algorithms on mobile devices running the Android operating system. The primary objective of our research was to measure and compare the relative performances of tested algorithm implementations (Data Encryption Standard (DES), 3DES, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), ChaCha20, Blowfish, and Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4)) on the Android platform. The algorithms were compared in terms of CPU utilization by measuring the time required to encrypt and decrypt variable size text files. Besides evaluating the six common symmetric encryption ciphers, a comparison has been conducted for several Password-Based Encryption (PBE) algorithms. Diverse cipher transformations were evaluated for each algorithm by utilizing various feedback modes and padding schemes. Two smartphone devices were used for testing, with different versions of the Android operating system and hardware specifications. The summarized performance outcomes for various cipher transformations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of each algorithm.

scholarly journals A Novel Inulin-Mediated Ethanol Precipitation Method for Separating Endo-Inulinase From Inulinases for Inulooligosaccharides Production From Inulin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Qiannan Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Shang-Tian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Ethanol Precipitation ◽  
Novel Method

Inulin is a kind of polysaccharide that can be obtained various biomass. Inulooligosaccharides (IOS), a kind of oligosaccharides that can be obtained from inulin by enzymatic hydrolysis using inulinases, have been regarded as the functional food ingredients. Commercially available inulinases produced by natural Aspergillus niger contained both endo- and exo-inulinase activities. For IOS production from inulin, it is desirable to use only endo-inulinase as exo-inulinase would produce mainly the monosacchairde fructose from inulin. In the present study, a simple inulin-mediated ethanol precipitation method was developed to separate endo- and exo-inulinases present in natural inulinases. IOS production from inulin using the enriched endo-inulinase was then optimized in process conditions including pH and temperature, achieving a high yield of ∼94%. The resultant IOS products had a degree of polymerization ranging from 2 to 7. The study demonstrated a novel method for obtaining partially purified or enriched endo-inulinase for IOS production from inulin in an efficient process.

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