CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES TO ASIAN FOOD SECURITY

COSMOS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL P. S. TENG ◽  
JURISE A. P. OLIVEROS
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
System Level ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Stability Dimension ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Access To Food

Food security is a complex phenomenon made up of multiple dimensions — food availability, physical access to food, economic access to food, food utilization — each of which has a stability dimension which underpins it. This review provides details on these dimensions and links them to two published indices which provide assessments of the state of food security in a country. The paper further provides analyses of the main supply and demand factors in the food security equation. Food security faces natural and anthropogenic threats such as loss of productive land and water, climate change and declining crop productivity, all of which are potentially amenable to solutions provided by science and technology. Demographic and accompanying diet changes further exacerbate the demands made on the natural resource base for food production. Finally, possible responses to the challenges confronting a secured food future are discussed from technological, policy and system level perspectives.

scholarly journals Nutrient-Dense Crops for Rural and Peri-Urban Smallholders in Kenya—A Regional Social Accounting Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Krause ◽  
Anja Faße ◽  
Ulrike Grote
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Accounting ◽  
Income Effects ◽  
Multiplier Analysis ◽  
African Indigenous Vegetables ◽  
Stability Dimension

Kenya ranks among the countries with the highest micronutrient deficiency worldwide. Due to their high micronutrient content, African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) can be a solution to this problem, and urban areas in Kenya have seen a rise in demand for these crops in the previous decade. To fill the gap between supply and demand, programmes to promote AIV production have been implemented in rural and peri-urban areas. However, the effects of increased AIV production on income and food security in the regional economies are not clear. Thus, in this analysis, we first evaluate differences between the livelihoods of household groups with different levels of food security in rural and peri-urban Kenya using a two-step cluster analysis. Then, we generate a regional social accounting matrix (SAM) and calculate the direct and indirect income effects of AIVs and other crops grown in the area using a multiplier analysis. For the analysis, a total of 706 small-scale vegetable producers in four counties in Kenya were interviewed in 2015. Households in rural areas were more food insecure, especially with respect to the utilization and stability dimension of food security. Multiplier analysis showed increased indirect income effects of AIVs in the regional economy compared to those of many cash crops. We suggest further promoting the production of AIVs in rural and peri-urban Kenya.

scholarly journals Wpływ strat i marnotrawstwa żywności na bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (1) ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Obiedzińska
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Food Losses ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Waste Food

Occurring food losses and waste (FLW) are a result of ineffective functioning of food systems. Depending on the volume or region in which they occur they generate economic, social, environmental and health impacts. This paper analyzes the available polish and foreign scientific literature on the issue of food security and food losses and waste. Food losses and waste generate a lot of negative effects, which may directly or indirectly affect the four pillars of food security: food availability, access to food, food utilization and stability. Many activities are undertaken in order to prevent or minimize generated food losses and waste. On the other hand already created losses or waste can be used for example by redistributing or reusing food or its components, which may contribute to ensure food security.

scholarly journals Food security among dryland pastoralists and agropastoralists: The climate, land-use change, and population dynamics nexus

2021 ◽  
pp. 205301962110075
Author(s):  
Ilan Stavi ◽  
Joana Roque de Pinho ◽  
Anastasia K Paschalidou ◽  
Susana B Adamo ◽  
Kathleen Galvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Land Use And Management

During the last decades, pastoralist, and agropastoralist populations of the world’s drylands have become exceedingly vulnerable to regional and global changes. Specifically, exacerbated stressors imposed on these populations have adversely affected their food security status, causing humanitarian emergencies and catastrophes. Of these stressors, climate variability and change, land-use and management practices, and dynamics of human demography are of a special importance. These factors affect all four pillars of food security, namely, food availability, access to food, food utilization, and food stability. The objective of this study was to critically review relevant literature to assess the complex web of interrelations and feedbacks that affect these factors. The increasing pressures on the world’s drylands necessitate a comprehensive analysis to advise policy makers regarding the complexity and linkages among factors, and to improve global action. The acquired insights may be the basis for alleviating food insecurity of vulnerable dryland populations.

scholarly journals Opening Up Transactive Systems: Introducing TESS and Specification in a Field Deployment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3970
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Arlt ◽  
David P. Chassin ◽  
L. Lynne Kiesling
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
System Level ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Bidding Strategies ◽  
Incentive Problems ◽  
Tariff Structures ◽  
Field Deployment ◽  
Residential Demand

Transactive energy systems (TS) use automated device bidding to access (residential) demand flexibility and coordinate supply and demand on the distribution system level through market processes. In this work, we present TESS, a modularized platform for the implementation of TS, which enables the deployment of adjusted market mechanisms, economic bidding, and the potential entry of third parties. TESS thereby opens up current integrated closed-system TS, allows for the better adaptation of TS to power systems with high shares of renewable energies, and lays the foundations for a smart grid with a variety of stakeholders. Furthermore, despite positive experiences in various pilot projects, one hurdle in introducing TS is their integration with existing tariff structures and (legal) requirements. In this paper, we therefore describe TESS as we have modified it for a field implementation within the service territory of Holy Cross Energy in Colorado. Importantly, our specification addresses challenges of implementing TS in existing electric retail systems, for instance, the design of bidding strategies when a (non-transactive) tariff system is already in place. We conclude with a general discussion of the challenges associated with “brownfield” implementation of TS, such as incentive problems of baseline approaches or long-term efficiency.

A Review of Aquaculture Practices and Their Impacts on Chemical Food Safety from a Regulatory Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe O Boison ◽  
Sherri B Turnipseed
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Regulatory Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Aquaculture Industry

Abstract Aquaculture is currently one of the most rapidly growing food production industries in the world. The increasing global importance for this industry stems primarily from the fact that it is reducing the gap between the supply and demand for fish products. Commercial aquaculture contributes significantly to the economies of many countries since high-value fish species are a major source of foreign exchange. This review looks at the aquaculture industry, the issues raised by the production of fish through aquaculture for food security, the sustainability of the practice to agriculture, what the future holds for the industry in the next 10-20 years, and why there is a need to have available analytical procedures to regulate the safe use of chemicals and veterinary drugs in aquaculture.

The Role of Women in Improving Access to Food at the Household Level in Mandeni Local Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-155
Author(s):  
Nondumiso Thabisile Mpanza ◽  
Mfaniseni Wiseman Mbatha
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Access To Food

This paper censoriously assesses the role of women in improving access to food at the household level. The role of women is essential in the production of food as caretakers of household food security. However, their role is not well recognised, more especially in policymaking and resource allocation. This study was conducted through a qualitative approach with an exploratory research design. The participants were sampled with convenience sampling and interviewed with semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was employed as a tool for data analysis. The study adopted feminisation of poverty as a primary theory of this paper. Certain aspects of the study reveal that women have been struggling to access food from the diversity of retail vents that are obtainable in town because of low income and limitations of transport service. This is a constraint to women who depend on the off-farm sources of income because their household’s livelihood depends on purchasing food from retail vents. Those who rely on home gardens were experiencing low productivity and the unsustainability of their gardens. This has been caused by water scarcity and climate change. Therefore, women must be provided with training that seeks to develop their skills on how to make effective use of home gardens so that food security can be ensured.

scholarly journals Aligning Programs and Policies to Support Food Security and Public Health Goals in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary K. Seligman ◽  
Seth A. Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Food System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Food Insecure Households ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Access To Food

Food insecurity affects 1 in 8 US households and has clear implications for population health disparities. We present a person-centered, multilevel framework for understanding how individuals living in food-insecure households cope with inadequate access to food themselves and within their households, communities, and broader food system. Many of these coping strategies can have an adverse impact on health, particularly when the coping strategies are sustained over time; others may be salutary for health. There exist multiple opportunities for aligning programs and policies so that they simultaneously support food security and improved diet quality in the interest of supporting improved health outcomes. Improved access to these programs and policies may reduce the need to rely on individual- and household-level strategies that may have negative implications for health across the life course.

scholarly journals Benefits and Challenges of Policy Options in Rationing the Hospital Radiology Services: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Jafari ◽  
Mohammad Ranjbar ◽  
Hamideh Mahjoub ◽  
Hamed Ghoshoni ◽  
Mohammad Baghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
System Level ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rationing Policy ◽  
Care Costs

Objective: In many countries, limiting the financial and budgetary resources is a challenge in the health system. One of the most costly parts of the health system is undoubtedly the radiology department of hospitals. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the benefits and challenges of the policies proposed for rationing hospital radiology services. Information sources and selected methods for study: In this narrative or literature review study, Persian (SID, Magiran, Barkat Knowledge network system, Irandoc), and Latin (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of sciences) databases were searched. The applied keywords were radiology, rationing, distribution, priority setting, resource allocation, and policy brief. In the initial search, 145 articles were studied. Subsequently, after reviewing the titles and abstracts, 65 studies were selected and investigated. Finally, 44 related studies were thoroughly investigated. The inclusion criteria covered the studies in Persian or English. The exclusion criteria included the studies that did not have full texts. Our search included the studies conducted from 1/1/2000 to 1/1/ 2017. Results: The present study examined the benefits and challenges of radiology services rationing. Policy options were presented at 3 levels of provider, organizational, and system. The provider level consisted of training clinical and non-clinical personnel to use and maintain the medical equipment and requiring the physicians to use clinical guidelines. The organization level included reviewing imaging tariffs, entering insurance in controlling supply and demand for radiology services, and assessing equipment by the Institute for Health Technology Assessment. The system level contained assignment of radiological services to the private sector. Conclusion: As health care costs are rising and resources are increasingly constrained by ever-increasing demands, policy makers and officials can use the proposed solutions with regard to contextual conditions to design a rationing model. Services at the macro level of the health system and operationalization of the rationing process reduce the gap between supply and demand of the health services.  

scholarly journals The Impacts of Food Taboos and Preferences on Food Security in Developing Countries: Evidence from Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Alex Sewenet ◽  
Pavol Schwarcz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Food Taboos ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Temporary Closure

Abstract Food norms are embodied within all the essential components of food security; availability, access, utilization, and stability. However, the adverse economic influences of these norms are largely under–researched in developing countries. Unique in its scoop, this study thus investigates the impacts of food taboos and preferences (FTP) on food security in Ethiopia, one of the world’s food–insecure nations combined with a culture of strict food norms. On the basis of a qualitative research design with semi–structured in–depth interviews, primary data was collected from eleven key informants of pertinent multidisciplinary backgrounds, experts and decision–makers. The empirical evidence revealed that religious and secular– based FTP have put significant restrictions on the efficient utilization of the existing edible resources in the country. For example, during Orthodox Christian (OC) and Muslim fasting days, the overall food supply chain undergoes economic turbulence. Particularly, the economic challenge of OC fasting is expressed by (1) a decrease in consumption and supply of non–vegan foods, (2) the temporary closure of butcher and dairy shops, (3) an increase in the demand and price of vegan foods, and (4) an overall reduction in consumption and economic transactions. Moreover, the tradition of animal consecration at home has made many Ethiopians to rarely depend on supermarkets, groceries, and other licensed meat shops. In turn, this impedes the country’s endeavor of attracting local and foreign private investors in the general food sector. It also alienates people from access to food labels, meat quality controls, price, size, and choice advantages, all of which are essential for better, adaptive, and stable food utilization. The results discovered in this thesis enrich our understanding on the role of food norms in the economic systems. Particularly, the study sheds light on the indispensable need to consider the subject of FTP in policies and programs aiming to end food insecurity.

scholarly journals Carencia alimentaria en municipios de Veracruz (2010 y 2015)

UVserva ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Lol ki Itzel López Galindo ◽  
Citlalli Aburto Guzmán ◽  
Cecilia Sofía Cortés Salazar ◽  
María Magdalena Álvarez Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Deficit ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Access To Food

Los hogares con carencia alimentaria se definen como aquellos que presentan inseguridad alimentaria moderada o severa. Este indicador fue medido para los municipios de Veracruz, por Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL) en los años 2010 y 2015. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente en el presente trabajo para determinar tendencias, encontrando lo siguiente: el 46%, que equivale a 97 municipios, presentaron una disminución en la carencia por acceso a la alimentación mientras que el 54% (115 municipios) aumentaron en este indicador. Los municipios que presentaron mayor porcentaje de población en carencia en 2010, disminuyeron en 2015. Sin embargo para ese año (2015) en todos los municipios de Veracruz existió población con inseguridad alimentaria moderada o severa, por lo que se propone se considere una emergencia alimentaria cuando el 50% o más de la población presente inseguridad alimentariaPalabras clave: Seguridad alimentaria, carencia, ELCSA. Households with food deficit are defined as those with moderate or severe food insecurity. This indicator was measured for the municipalities of Veracruz, by CONEVAL (Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social) , in the years 2010 and 2015. The outcomes were statistically analyzed to determinate new tendencies, finding the following results: 46% which is equivalent to 97 communities, showed a decrease in the lack of access to food while 54% (115 municipalities) increased in this indicator. The municipalities that presented the highest percentage of population in need in 2010 decreased in 2015. However, for that year (2015), in all the municipalities of Veracruz there was a population with moderate or severe food insecurity, so it is proposed to consider a food emergency when 50% or more of the population has food insecurity.Keywords: Food Security, food deficit, ELCSA.

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