Temporary Workers and Collective-Action Preferences in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 2050003
Author(s):  
EUN KYONG CHOI
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Chinese Workers ◽  
Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Permanent Workers

Developed countries are becoming concerned with an increase in temporary workers, as it has undermined both their job security and the effects of collective action. China has experienced a surge of temporary work during the last three decades. Employing a cost and benefit analysis, this study identifies labor shortages and the weakness of job protection against arbitrary dismissal, both preconditions that have affected the collective-action preferences of temporary and permanent workers in China since 2010. Although the former has lowered the cost of collective action for temporary workers in China, the latter has increased the opportunity cost for permanent workers. Analyzing the Chinese General Social Survey in 2013, this study finds that temporary workers are twice as likely as permanent workers to actively join in collective action, suggesting that the prevalence of precarious work in China does not necessarily disempower Chinese workers.

Reciprocity of Temporary and Permanent Workers: an Exploratory Study in an Industrial Company

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1163-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Lopes ◽  
Maria José Chambel
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Psychological Contract Fulfillment ◽  
Permanent Workers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Industrial Company

The increasing use of temporary work prompts the need to understand to what degree workers with this type of contract differ from permanent workers as to the relationship they establish with the organization they work for. This study used a sample of temporary workers (N = 78) and permanent workers (N = 196) within the same company of electronics in Portugal. The results show that, regardless of the type of contract, the perception of human resource practices was related to the perception of psychological contract fulfillment by the company. Additionally and according to the norm of reciprocity, we verified that when workers thought the company was fulfilling its obligations they responded favorably showing more affective commitment towards the company. However, we found differences between these two groups of workers: for the permanent performance appraisal, training and rewards were human resources practices that were significantly related to psychological contract fulfillment, while for the temporary ones there weren't any specific practices that had a significant relationship with that variable. The practical implications of these findings for the management of temporary workers are discussed.

scholarly journals Migrant Poetry – Anthropological Analysis on the Collection of Poems by Drago Trumbetaš

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Banić Grubišić
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Almost All

The subject of this paper is a thematic analysis of a bilingual collection of poems by Drago Trumbetaš entitled “Poems of guest-workers“ (“Gastarbeiter-Gedichte“). The poems in this collection were written during his stay in FR Germany from 1969 to 1980. Drago Trumbetaš (1937–2018) was a versatile Croatian self-taught artist and a member of the first wave of Yugoslav economic migrants who went to “temporary“ work in the developed countries of Western Europe in the 1960s. During his stay in FR Germany, Trumbetaš worked various low paid physical jobs and his artistic expression was strongly imbued with personal migrant experiences. Almost all artistic work of Trumbetaš (series of drawings, novels, plays and poetry) is devoted to depicting the life of Yugoslav gastarbeiters. After determining the prevailing topics on the collection of poems, an analysis of their meaning will be undertaken through the anthropological, sociological and historical literature on the phenomenon of “temporary workers abroad“. Poetry of Trumbetaš has been interpreted in the broader context of the “migrant poetry” development in FR Germany since the 1970s. Particular attention will be paid to analyzing the ways of poetic self-representation of migrant workers, the ways of articulating identity through poetry in a new and different cultural and social environment respectively. The problem of using literary texts written in the first person, which are therefore shaped by the subjective aspirations of individual authors, as relevant sources in ethnological and anthropological studies of migration is problematized in this paper.

scholarly journals Tijdelijke banen en welzijn

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter van der Meer ◽  
Rudi Wielers
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Permanent Workers

Temporary jobs and well-being Temporary jobs and well-being Government policies in European countries have the objective of creating a flexible labour market to combat or prevent unemployment. Temporary work, however, affects well-being negatively. Our research goal is to determine how the well-being of temporary workers compares to that of unemployed workers. We compare the loss of well-being in temporary jobs to that of unemployment, and explore the causes of the differences between temporary and permanent workers. We find a significant negative effect of temporary jobs on well-being, but this effect is relatively small in comparison to the six times larger negative effect of unemployment. The negative effect of temporary jobs is caused by both the worse quality of the jobs and by job insecurity. The negative effects, however, do not reinforce but reduce each other. The bad quality of the jobs appears to be less of a problem for well-being because the job is temporary. The conclusion is that the negative effects of temporary jobs on well-being are small in comparison to those of unemployment. It is, nevertheless, noted that job insecurity leads to considerable losses of well-being.

Perceived violation of rights and interests and collective action participation in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanglu Xu ◽  
Huizhang Shen ◽  
Christian Bock
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Rights And Interests ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey

We examined the relationship between individuals' perceived violation of rights and interests and their participation in collective action. In addition, we examined the mediation effects of perceived relative deprivation and political interest. We used data from the Chinese General Social Survey conducted in 2010, which resulted in a sample size of 11,121. Results showed that, after controlling for demographic variables, perceived violation of rights and interests significantly increased the probability of individuals participating in collective action. Further testing showed that perceived relative economic deprivation had a significant mediation effect. Although perceived violation of rights and interests also increased individuals' perceived relative social deprivation, the perception of relative social deprivation did not have an effect on collective action participation. Political interest, however, had a significant mediation effect. Practical implications for public administrators in China are discussed.

GSS 2011 Linked with TIFF: Exploring the Cost of Child Care in Canada and the Use of the Child Care Tax Benefit

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Leanne Findlay ◽  
Dafna Kohen
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Indigenous Identity ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Employment Characteristics ◽  
Different Sources

Affordability of child care is fundamental to parents’, in particular, women’s decision to work. However, information on the cost of care in Canada is limited. The purpose of the current study was to examine the feasibility of using linked survey and administrative data to compare and contrast parent-reported child care costs based on two different sources of data. The linked file brings together data from the 2011 General Social Survey (GSS) and the annual tax files (TIFF) for the corresponding year (2010). Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the socio-demographic and employment characteristics of respondents who reported using child care, and child care costs were compared. In 2011, parents who reported currently paying for child care (GSS) spent almost $6700 per year ($7,500 for children age 5 and under). According to the tax files, individuals claimed just over $3900 per year ($4,700). Approximately one in four individuals who reported child care costs on the GSS did not report any amount on their tax file; about four in ten who claimed child care on the tax file did not report any cost on the survey. Multivariate analyses suggested that individuals with a lower education, lower income, with Indigenous identity, and who were self-employed were less likely to make a tax claim despite reporting child care expenses on the GSS. Further examination of child care costs by province and by type of care are necessary, as is research to determine the most accurate way to measure and report child care costs.

The cost implication of primary prevention in the HOPE 3 trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Andre Lamy ◽  
Eva Lonn ◽  
Wesley Tong ◽  
Balakumar Swaminathan ◽  
Hyejung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Aims The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-3 (HOPE-3) found that rosuvastatin alone or with candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) (in a subgroup with hypertension) significantly lowered cardiovascular events compared with placebo in 12 705 individuals from 21 countries at intermediate risk and without cardiovascular disease. We assessed the costs implications of implementation in primary prevention in countries at different economic levels. Methods and results Hospitalizations, procedures, study and non-study medications were documented. We applied country-specific costs to the healthcare resources consumed for each patient. We calculated the average cost per patient in US dollars for the duration of the study (5.6 years). Sensitivity analyses were also performed with cheapest equivalent substitutes. The combination of rosuvastatin with candesartan/HCT reduced total costs and was a cost-saving strategy in United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. In contrast, the treatments were more expensive in developing countries even when cheapest equivalent substitutes were used. After adjustment for gross domestic product (GDP), the costs of cheapest equivalent substitutes in proportion to the health care costs were higher in developing countries in comparison to developed countries. Conclusion Rosuvastatin and candesartan/HCT in primary prevention is a cost-saving approach in developed countries, but not in developing countries as both drugs and their cheapest equivalent substitutes are relatively more expensive despite adjustment by GDP. Reductions in costs of these drugs in developing countries are essential to make statins and blood pressure lowering drugs affordable and ensure their use. Clinical trial registration HOPE-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00468923.

scholarly journals Comparison of Economical and Technical Photovoltaic Hosting Capacity Limits in Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2405
Author(s):  
Samar Fatima ◽  
Verner Püvi ◽  
Ammar Arshad ◽  
Mahdi Pourakbari-Kasmaei ◽  
Matti Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Distribution Networks ◽  
Network Losses ◽  
Network Costs ◽  
Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Parameters ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pv Penetration

Power distribution networks are transitioning from passive towards active networks considering the incorporation of distributed generation. Traditional energy networks require possible system upgrades due to the exponential growth of non-conventional energy resources. Thus, the cost concerns of the electric utilities regarding financial models of renewable energy sources (RES) call for the cost and benefit analysis of the networks prone to unprecedented RES integration. This paper provides an evaluation of photovoltaic (PV) hosting capacity (HC) subject to economical constraint by a probabilistic analysis based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to consider the stochastic nature of loads. The losses carry significance in terms of cost parameters, and this article focuses on HC investigation in terms of losses and their associated cost. The network losses followed a U-shaped trajectory with increasing PV penetration in the distribution network. In the investigated case networks, increased PV penetration reduced network costs up to around 40%, defined as a ratio to the feeding secondary transformer rating. Above 40%, the losses started to increase again and at 76–87% level, the network costs were the same as in the base cases of no PVs. This point was defined as the economical PV HC of the network. In the case of networks, this level of PV penetration did not yet lead to violations of network technical limits.

Chinese workers’ responses to justice: quitting, collective action or both?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-44
Author(s):  
Yucheng Zhang ◽  
Stephen J. Frenkel
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Interactional Justice ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Western China ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Chinese Workers

Purpose This paper aims to analyse two ways in which Chinese workers attempt to resist unjust treatment: exit through quitting and voice via collective action. This is in the context of rapid economic growth, rising economic inequality (Lu and Gao, 2011; Qin et al., 2009; Reed, 2012) and escalating industrial conflict (Pringle, 2011). Design/methodology/approach A model is developed and hypotheses formulated in the light of qualitative data analysis that included archival data, workplace observation and interviews with employees and managers at a large factory. A mediated chain model was tested based on a survey of 234 semi-skilled and skilled manual workers and 353 service employees employed in the same city in Western China. Findings Organisational identification and organisational cynicism were found to mediate the relationship between interactional justice and the two outcomes, intention to quit and collective opposition. Originality/value The authors’ interpretation of these relationships challenge previous research by showing that social identification is a more powerful explanation than social exchange in accounting for variations in these two outcomes. Implications are drawn for human resource theory and practice.

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